新疆北山三峰山铜金矿区花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

对新疆三峰山铜金矿区内出露的花岗岩体进行了年代学和地球化学研究,旨在查明岩石成因及其构造背景,并探讨岩浆活动与成矿作用的关系。三峰山花岗岩体主要由二长花岗岩和花岗细晶岩组成,锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,二者加权平均年龄分别为(462.3±2.4)Ma和(461.8±2.7)Ma,表明岩体侵位于中奥陶世,为加里东期岩浆活动产物。在地球化学组成上,三峰山花岗岩体总体呈现准铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性的Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,同时相对富集Th、U、LREE和大离子亲石元素(LILE)等,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)。此外,岩体具有较高的Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr/Y值(31~108,20),属于C型埃达克岩。岩浆起源于加厚的铁镁质下地壳的部分熔融,源岩可能为加厚地壳底部的角闪榴辉岩。岩石的形成与古亚洲洋向塔里木板块的俯冲作用有关,构造环境为俯冲带背景的岛弧环境。     

论“C型埃达克岩”的成因

对类似MORB岩石的实验岩石学和地球化学模拟研究,表明高Sr/Y和La/Yb、低Yb和Y、无明显Eu异常等埃达克质地球化学特征可能是镁铁质岩石高压(≥1.5 GPa)部分熔融的结果。因此,大陆下地壳起源的埃达克质岩常被看作是存在加厚或拆沉陆壳的标识。然而,这一类推忽视了这些埃达克质岩源区(大陆下地壳)的化学和同位素组成与MORB截然不同。为了揭示源区组成和熔融压力对埃达克质地球化学特征的影响,本文对华北克拉通北缘燕山地区侏罗纪中酸性火山岩开展了岩石地球化学和微量元素模拟研究。本次研究的华北侏罗纪火山岩具有高Si O2(≥56%)、低Mg O(4.9%)、高Sr(540×10-6)和Sr/Y(37)、富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,以及无明显Eu异常等埃达克质地球化学特征。根据它们富钾(K2O/Na2O0.5)、低Rb/Ba(0.1)和Nb/U(17),以及演化的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,说明岩浆源区是古老的基性下地壳。因此,我们以华北基性下地壳为源区,对其在33 km,33~40 km和45 km条件下部分熔融形成的岩浆开展了微量元素模拟计算。结果表明:熔融深度33 km或33~40 km时,可形成与侏罗纪埃达克质火山岩相似的熔体;当熔融深度45 km时,形成的熔体具有比它们更低的重稀土和Y质量分数以及更高的Sr/Y比值。因此,华北侏罗纪中酸性火山岩的源区深度低于40 km,其埃达克质地球特征是继承源区组成的结果,不能指示燕山期古高原或加厚下地壳的存在。我们进一步提出,可以用(Sm/Yb)SN-YbSN(SN:源区标准化)图来判别源区继承和高压部分熔融对埃达克质地球化学组成的相对贡献。对比中国大陆不同构造区域显生宙埃达克质岩,发现碰撞造山带(如西藏和大别造山带)的陆内埃达克质岩可能来自加厚/拆沉下地壳的部分熔融,而板内(如华北和扬子克拉通)埃达克质岩主要受控于源区化学组成,与加厚/拆沉下地壳无关。本研究强调了源区化学组成对于约束岩浆起源物理条件的重要性,同时表明不能简单地用埃达克质岩浆指示特殊的地球动力背景。     

鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质（adakitic）侵入岩的地球化学特征对比：（拆沉）下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中,富含Cu-Mo等成矿物质的岩浆上升很容易形成斑岩铜钼矿     

山西吕梁山中段元古代花岗质岩浆活动和变质作用

对吕梁山中段花岗质岩石的年代学和地球化学研究表明,研究区存在两期古元古代花岗质岩浆活动,分别形成于2063Ma和1806Ma;它们具有不同的地球化学特征：早期石英二长岩具有埃达克质岩浆特点,低SiO2,MgO,Y和Yb,高Al2O3,Na2O,Sr,Ba和Sr／Y比值,没有明显的Eu异常;后期二长花岗岩则具高SiO2,Rb,Nb,Y,Yb和低Na20,Al2O3,Sr的特点,并具低的Sr／Y比值和明显的Eu负异常。结合同位素特征,道仁沟石英二长岩被解释为古老的地壳物质在地幔深部发生部分熔融形成,并与地幔围岩发生了物质交换。而宽坪花岗岩则由石榴子石麻粒岩在地壳深度分解熔融产生。岩石学和地球化学特征显示它们分别形成于同碰撞和造山后两种不同的构造背景。吕梁群主变质作用与第二期花岗质岩浆活动几乎同时发生,它们具有等温降压的顺时针PTt轨迹,表明它们经历了快速抬升的变质过程。这一期花岗质岩浆活动和变质作用与华北地块许多岩浆活动和变质作用同时发生,暗示从这个时间开始华北地块处于拉张构造背景。     

内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗中二叠世花岗岩地球化学特征及其成因

文章通过对内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗中二叠世花岗岩地球化学的系统研究,探讨其成因及形成的构造背景。中二叠世花岗岩主要为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,其地球化学特征显示岩石属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有接近地幔岩浆的Nb/Ta比值(15.01～18.93),岩浆源区为新生火成岩地壳。花岗闪长岩属高Sr低Yb的埃达克型花岗岩,二长花岗岩属低Sr高Yb的浙闽型花岗岩,是不同深度壳源岩石同时发生部分熔融的产物,花岗闪长岩岩浆的起源深度较二长花岗岩的源区更深。中二叠世花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、亏损高强场和重稀土元素,具有类似于活动大陆边缘花岗岩的岩石组合和地球化学特征。结合区域地质构造演化特征,认为中二叠世花岗质岩浆活动可能与西伯利亚克拉通和额尔古纳地块间的蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋板块的南向俯冲作用有关。     

胶东半岛三佛山高Ba—Sr花岗岩成因

胶东半岛三佛山岩体是昆嵛山杂岩体的重要组成部分，其岩性主要由二长花岗岩组成，位于苏鲁超高压碰撞带与胶东陆块之间的缝合带中。岩石化学特点具高钾钙碱性岩石系列特征，岩体为准铝Ⅰ型花岗岩，并具有高Ba—Sr花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征，即高Ba、Sr含量，高Sr／Y、La／Yb、K／Rb值，低Y（〈13μg／g）、Yb（1．8μg／g）、Rb／Sr比值（平均为0．33），弱的Eu负异常，亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素。根据该岩体岩石地球化学特征、包体岩石学特征，并结合前人对高Ba—sr花岗岩成因研究成果，笔者认为该岩体可能是幔源基性岩浆与地壳熔融的酸性端元混合而成。混合后的岩浆没有明显的长石和云母类矿物的结晶分异作用，混合岩浆最大温度在750-800℃左右。酸性岩浆的源区以石榴子石＋辉石＋角闪石＋斜长石的残留为特征。残留相物质组成特征暗示源区应位于壳幔边界，深度30km土，结合早期形成的昆嵛山二长花岗岩源区深度大于40km这一现象，表明胶东地区中生代岩石圈减薄作用在110Ma达到最大，地壳厚度恢复至正常厚度。     

山西黄榆沟岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为深化对华北克拉通破坏机制的认识,选取山西黄榆沟岩体中较新鲜的石英二长斑岩开展年代学和地球化学研究。研究结果表明,黄榆沟岩体由石英二长斑岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(149.3±0.9)Ma,是晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。石英二长斑岩富碱,为钙碱性钾玄岩系列,属于准铝质花岗岩类。相对富集K、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ce、Zr、Ti等高场强元素;轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,Eu具弱正异常,为I型花岗岩成因。具高Al₂O₃、Sr、Ba、高Sr/Y比值和低Yb、MgO等特征,具埃达克岩性质。岩石地球化学特征表明,黄榆沟岩体总体为下地壳物质的部分熔融成因,并有幔源物质成分的加入和遭受岩浆混合作用,推测其形成于碰撞造山后的伸展构造环境。     

中国东部中生代高Sr低Yb和低Sr高Yb型花岗岩：对比及其地质意义

中国东部在晚中生代时（晚侏罗世-旱白垩世）有广泛的中酸性岩浆活动，按照花岗岩的地球化学特征，大致可以划分为东北、华北和华南3个岩区。本文研究表明，按照Sr和Yb的含量，大致可以将花岗岩分为5类．即：高Sr低Yb型（Sr〉400μg／g，Yb〈2μg／g）、低Sr低Yb（Sr〈400μg／g，Yb〈2μ/g）、低Sr高Yb（Sr〈400μg／g，Yb〉2μg／g）、高Sr高Yb型（Sr〉400μg／g，Yb〉2μg／g）以及非常低Sr高Yb型（Sr〈100μg／g，Yb=2—18μg／g）花岗岩。东北和华南以发育低Sr高Yb花岗岩为主，有少量高Sr低Yb和非常低Sr高Yb类型的花岗岩分布；而华北则以高Sr低Yb型花岗岩（埃达克岩）最发育，低Sr高Yb、低Sr低Yb型和非常低Sr高Yb型花岗岩有少量分布。本文着重探讨了华北和华南花岗岩的特征，认为华北和华南花岗岩地球化学的区别可能主要与花岗岩源区成分和深度有关，且主要受源区深度的控制。如果花岗岩熔融的源区残留相由榴辉岩组成（石榴石＋辉石＋金红石＋／一角闪石），则花岗岩明显亏损HREE、Nb、Ta和Ti，而富集Sr和Al，无明显的负铕异常，属于高Sr低Yb（埃达克岩）类型；如果源区深度浅，由斜长角闪岩或麻粒岩组成（斜长石＋辉石＋角闪石），则花岗岩相对贫Sr富Yb。作者认为，华北和华南花岗岩地球化学特征上的上述差异，表明在晚中生代时（晚侏罗世．早白垩世）。华北和华南的地壳厚度不同：华北较厚，华南较薄；华北经历了下地壳拆沉而华南无；华北和华南的下地壳成分不同，华北较基性的下地壳拆沉后，留下的地壳平均成分与华南比偏中性。     

北京长园带状岩体的岩石地球化学特征及成因探讨

长园带状杂岩体主要由长园石英二长闪长岩、官山石英二长岩、沙峪斑状花岗岩和西后峪花岗岩4个侵入体构成。长园石英二长闪长岩富镁贫铁,准铝质,属高钾钙碱性系列;具弱的Eu负异常,Sr/Y值较高,是中性埃达克质岩。官山石英二长岩富碱富镁,Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N值高,具弱的Eu负异常,是典型的"C型埃达克岩"。沙峪和西后峪花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列岩石,稀土元素总量低,具负Eu异常。长园石英二长闪长岩和官山石英二长岩是高Sr的基性原始岩浆在中等压力(0.8~1.2GPa)条件下分离结晶的产物。沙峪斑状花岗岩和西后峪花岗岩则是由幔源岩浆与地壳岩石发生相互作用的产物。长园带状杂岩体的实例表明,埃达克质岩起源或形成的压力可以相对较低(1.2 GPa)。     

冈底斯中段达布埃达克质含矿斑岩:增厚下地壳熔融与斑岩铜钼矿成因

冈底斯中段达布斑岩铜钼矿床发育在印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞地壳伸展环境,含矿斑岩为一套高钾钙碱性岩系,其地球化学组成与典型的埃达克岩的地球化学组成非常类似,如高w(Sr)(401×10-6～1 060×10-6)与w(Sr)/w(Y)、[w(La)/w(Yb)]N比值,亏损重稀土元素Yb与Y,无Eu异常、具正Sr异常等.在微量元素原始地幔蛛网图中,明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti.认为达布埃达克质含矿斑岩起源于富钾增厚下地壳的部分熔融,是在中新世后碰撞构造环境中在板片断离作用下受到软流圈热源上涌影响而触发形成的.埃达克质岩浆在上升的过程中可能交代同时期形成的超钾质岩浆,使二者产生混合交换反应,一方面导致埃达克质岩浆的w(MgO)增高,一方面埃达克质岩浆萃取超钾质岩浆中的金属元素,有利于成矿.达布Cu、Mo成矿作用与高Mg#埃达克质岩关系密切,表明在冈底斯地块上寻找与高Mg#埃达克质岩有关的Cu多金属矿床是一个新的找矿思路.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Tongshankou and Yinzu Adakitic Intrusive Rocks and the Associated Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Mineralization in Southeast Hubei, East China

Abstract. The late Jurassic Tongshankou and Yinzu plutons in southeast Hubei have been investigated for their contrasting metal mineralization features. The former is closely associated with porphyry Cu‐Mo mineralization, while the latter is barren of metal mineralization, althouth both are located very close to each other. The Tongshankou granodiorite porphyries and the Yinzu granodiorites are geochemically similar to adakites, e.g., high Al₂O₃ and Sr contents and La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, enriched in Na₂O, depleted in Y and Yb, very weak Eu anomalies and positive Sr anomalies. However, different geochemi‐cal characteristics exist between the two plutons: the Tongshankou adakitic rocks (1) are relatively enriched in SiO₂, K₂O, MgO, Cr, Ni, and Sr and depleted in Y and Yb; (2) have higher degree REE differentiation; (3) have positive Eu anomalies in contrast with very weak negative or unclear Eu anomalies in the Yinzu rocks; and (4) isotopically have relatively higher eP_Nd(t) values (‐5.19 to ‐5.38) and lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7060 to 0.7062), while the Yinzu adakitic rocks have relatively lower eP_Nd(t) values (‐7.22 to ‐8.67) and higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7065 to 0.7074). The trace element and isotopic data demonstrate that the Tongshankou adakitic rocks were most probably originated from partial melting of delaminated lower crust with garnet being the main residual mineral whereas little or no plagioclase in the source. On the contrary, the Yinzu adakitic rocks were likely derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust, with residual garnet and a small quantity of plagioclase and hornblende in the source. Interactions between the adakitic magmas and mantle peridotites possibly took place during the ascent of the Tongshankou adakitic magmas through the mantle, considering that MgO, Cr, and Ni contents and eP_Nd(t) values of the adakitic magmas were possibly elevated and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were possibly lowered due to the contamination of mantle peridotites. In addition, the Fe₂O₃ of the adakitic magmas was likely released into the mantle and the oxygen fugacities (?_o2) of the latter were obviously possibly raised, which made metallic sulfide in the mantle oxidized and the chalcophile elements such as Cu were incorporated into the adakitic magmas. The ascent of the adakitic magmas enriched in Cu and Mo will lead to the formation of porphyry Cu‐Mo deposit. Nevertheless, the Yinzu adakitic magmas were possibly lack of metallogenetic materials due to not interacting with mantle peridotite, and thus unfavorable to metal mineralization.     

滇西北铜厂沟Mo-Cu矿床岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

铜厂沟大型斑岩型Mo-Cu多金属矿床位于扬子西缘义敦岛弧带南端,钼矿化与花岗闪长斑岩紧密相关。花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为84.57±0.29Ma(MSWD=0.73),侵位于晚白垩世。岩石的Si O2为63.03%~69.60%,Na2O+K2O为6.97%~9.11%,具高钾钙碱性和准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.88~1.05)特征。岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Pb等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Ti、Nb、P等),并且具有较高的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值,及较低的Y、Yb及Mg O含量。这些地球化学特征表明铜厂沟花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,可能起源于加厚下地壳岩石的部分重熔。地球化学投图显示,铜厂沟岩体呈现出晚碰撞-碰撞后花岗岩特征,指示着岩体可能形成于陆内碰撞造山后由挤压转换为伸展构造环境;岩浆上侵过程中含矿热液沿构造发育部位运移,在酸性岩体内形成细脉浸染状钼(铜钨)矿化,在构造破碎带、层间滑动带和玄武岩与碳酸盐岩接触带交代形成矽卡岩型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿体和热液脉型Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿体,构成钼(铜钨)→铜钼→铁铜金→铅锌的成矿元素分带和斑岩成矿系统。     

Petrogenesis of Ore‐Related Granodiorite Porphyry in the Jiande Copper Deposit,SE China: Implications for the Tectonic Setting and Mineralization

Adakitic rocks and related Cu–Au mineralization are widespread along eastern Jiangnan Orogen in South China. Previous studies have mainly concentrated on those in the Dexing area in northeastern Jiangxi Province, but information is lacking on the genesis and setting of those in northwestern Zhejiang Province. The Jiande copper deposit is located in the suture zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks of South China. This paper presents systematic LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating and element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data of the Jiande granodiorite porphyry. Zircon dating showed that the Jiande granodiorite porphyry was produced during the Middle Jurassic (ca. 161 Ma). The Jiande granodiorite porphyry is characterized by adakitic geochemical affinities with high Sr/Y and La_N/Yb_N ratios but low Y and Yb contents. The absence of a negative Eu anomaly, extreme depletion in Y and Yb, relatively low MgO contents, and relatively high ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios, indicated that the Jiande granodiorite porphyry was likely derived from partial melting of the thickened lower continental crust. In addition, the Jiande granodiorite porphyry shows arc magma geochemical features (e.g., Nb, Ta and Ti depletion), with bulk Earth‐like ε_Nd (t) values (?2.89 to ?1.92), ε_Hf (t) values (?0.6 to +2.8), and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7078 to 0.7105). However, a non‐arc setting in the Middle Jurassic is indicated by the absence of arc rocks and the presence of rifting‐related igneous rock associations in the interior of South China. Combined with the regional Neoproterozoic Jiangnan Orogeny, it indicates that these arc magma geochemical features are possibly inherited from the Neoproterozoic juvenile continental crust formed by the ancient oceanic crust subduction along the Jiangnan Orogen. The geodynamic environment that is responsible for the development of the Middle Jurassic Jiande granodiorite porphyry is likely a localized intra‐continental extensional environment along the NE‐trending Jiangshan‐Shaoxing Deep Fault as a tectonic response to far‐field stress at the margins of the rigid South China Plate during the early stage of the paleo‐Pacific plate subduction. In terms of Cu mineralization, we suggest that the metal Cu was released from the subducted oceanic slab and reserved in the juvenile crust during Neoproterozoic subduction along the eastern Jiangnan Orogen region. Partial melting of the Cu rich Neoproterozoic juvenile crust during the Middle Jurassic time in the Jiande area caused the formation of adakitic rocks and the Cu deposit.     

苏门答腊岛苏利特河—苏里安铜成矿带埃达克质侵入岩和矽卡岩地球化学特征及成因意义

本文旨在通过分析苏门答腊岛苏里安斑岩型铜矿至苏利特河矽卡岩型铜矿成矿带中埃达克质侵入岩及矽卡岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,探讨其成因意义。该成矿带是巴东地区辛卡拉克湖以东地球化学异常带的主体部分,其绝大多数侵入岩浆体皆为为Ⅰ-型花岗岩复合体,相当于印支晚期同碰撞火山弧和燕山早期碰撞后岩浆侵入活动的产物。该成矿带内的埃达克质花岗岩和闪长斑岩(早侏罗世和早白垩世)具有低的Y、Yb含量、高的ΣREE含量和Eu正异常,在构造环境判别图上落在活动大陆边缘(ACM)火山弧环境中。埃达克质岩浆来源于俯冲洋壳板片部分熔融。然而,矽卡岩主量元素与岩浆岩侵入体相比,其CaO含量增多,SiO2、Al2O3、K2O以及Na2O含量降,REE普遍表现为Eu负异常。该成矿带内矿化矽卡岩与侵入岩的微量元素模式在蛛网图上显示某些相似性,但是二者的REE配分模式却不尽相同。矽卡岩的微量元素和稀土元素具有低Rb、Ba含量和K、Sr、P、Ti低谷,主要继承了原始岩浆和母岩埃达克质岩的共同特征。矽卡岩化是引起Ti、Yb、Y和REE总量降低的主导控制作用。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Intrusive Rocks, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines: Implication to Metallogenesis of Porphyry Copper-gold Deposits

This paper describes petrologic and geochemical characteristics of intrusive rocks associated with porphyry copper deposits in south-eastern Mindanao, the Philippines, where the Kingking deposit is located. Intrusive rocks at the Kingking deposit, are classified into biotite-bearing diorite porphyry, hornblende diorite porphyry and diorite porphyry. Intrusive rocks in other areas in south-eastern Mindanao, including Batoto, Bukal, Maragusan, Masara, Amacan and Sumlog, are hornblende diorite porphyry and hornblende quartz diorite. They are adakitic in Sr/Y-Y diagram, but not in La/Yb-Yb diagram due to relatively low REE contents. The magmas are oxidizing as suggested by the high X_Mg of mafic silicate phenocrysts and SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite. An Oligocene-Miocene diorite intrusive complex formed by calc-alkaline, hydrous, oxidizing magma is considered to be associated with porphyry-type copper-gold mineralization.     

冈底斯中段谢通门县查布中新世埃达克质岩石成因及其地质意义

查布复式花岗质岩体位于冈底斯岩浆岩带中段,出露面积约400 km2。文章报道了该岩体浅成相黑云母二长花岗斑岩和次火山岩相英安斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,据此探讨了岩石的成因及其所蕴含的地质意义。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,它们的成岩年龄为13~16 Ma,属中新世时期岩浆活动的产物。地球化学组成上,这套岩石为高钾钙碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质,富集轻稀土和Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,Cr、Ni的含量低,缺乏显著铕负异常,并具有高Sr和低Y、Yb含量,以及高的Sr/Y及(La/Yb)N比值,可归之为埃达克质岩石。它们的(87Sr/86Sr)i 比值偏高（=0.706347~0.707584）,εNd(t)值明显偏低（=-4.15~-7.33）,并具有散布于负值到正值之间的锆石εHf(t)值（=-5.99~7.78）。综合分析表明,中新世时期印度陆壳已俯冲至拉萨地块之下,查布埃达克质岩形成于后碰撞的伸展背景,应为增厚的初生镁铁质下地壳部分熔融岩浆与深俯冲而进入拉萨地块之下的印度古老地壳组分经混合作用的产物。     

Geochemical modelling of early Eocene adakitic magmatism in the Eastern Pontides,NE Anatolia: continental crust or subducted oceanic slab origin?

Early Eocene adakitic volcanic and granitoid rocks are widespread in the Eastern Pontides of NE Turkey, providing significant constraints for the early Cenozoic tectonomagmatic evolution of the region. These adakitic rock units exhibit relatively high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, but low Y and Yb values, similar to modern adakites generated by partial fusion of a subducted oceanic slab. They also have high K₂O and low MgO contents, and show moderately enriched I_Sr and low ?_Nd(t) isotopic signatures. Our trace element modelling suggests that these adakitic magmas were generated from partial melting at low pressures of a garnet-bearing amphibolitic source in the continental lower crust. This lower crustal melting resulted from slab break off-induced asthenospheric upwelling and related magmatic underplating beneath the Eastern Pontides. We interpret this melting event and the adakitic magmatic activity as a syn- to post-collisional process involving early Cenozoic collision of the Pontide and Anatolide–Tauride continental blocks. The geochemical and tectonic constraints presented here indicate that early Eocene adakitic magmatism in the Eastern Pontides did not result from partial fusion of a subducted oceanic slab, but instead represent continental-type adakite formation.     

黑龙江铁力鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床埃达克岩的发现及其地质意义

鹿鸣钼矿是伊春-延寿成矿带内近年发现的大型斑岩钼矿,矿区主要出露含矿的二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩,不含矿的花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩四种岩性。二长花岗岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的低Sr高Y等地球化学特征,形成于194.8±0.7Ma~184Ma前后的早侏罗世,是斑岩型矿床的赋矿围岩。花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩含有暗色岩包体,主要为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,但以高Sr、低Y及富Na为特征,部分地球化学指标与中国东部埃达克岩极为相似,形成于176.2±2.1Ma并与辉钼矿Re-Os法获得的成矿年龄一致,被认定为斑岩型矿床的成矿母岩。高Sr和低Sr两类花岗岩形成于不同的构造背景,与中生代时期中国东部及其邻区几次重大地质事件密切相关。鹿鸣斑岩型钼矿床与中侏罗世太平洋板块俯冲在高氧逸度条件下熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆高侵位有关。鹿鸣矿区埃达克岩的发现表明中侏罗世太平洋板块已经发生了萎缩与消减,与之相关的岩浆作用及成矿应该具有广泛的区域性,扎实的岩石学工作可为区域更多斑岩型矿床的发现提供线索。     

Island-arc and Active Continental Margin Adakites from the Sabzevar Zone,Iran

Cretaceous to Eocene plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Sabzevar zone have an adakite characteristic with high Sr/Y ratio, depleted HFSE and enriched LILE features. Most of the Sabzevar adakites are high silica adakites with low Ni, Cr and Co contents. LREE/HREE ratio is high, while K₂O content is low to intermediate. Adakites in the Sabzevar zone are exposed in two areas, which are named southern and northern adakites here. The combination of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data with major and trace elements indicates that the adakitic rocks are formed by partial melting of the Sabzevar oceanic slab. Nb/Ta content of the samples indicates that the adakitic magmas were generated at different depth in the subduction system. Dy/Yb ratios of adakitic samples indicate positive, negative and roughly flat patterns for different samples, suggesting garnet and amphibole as residual phases during slab-derived adakitic magma formation. Sabzevar adakites emplaced during late to post-kinematic events. Sabzevar oceanic basin demised during a northward subduction by central Iranian micro-continents (CIM) and Eurasia plate convergence.     

花岗岩与金铜及钨锡成矿的关系

文章从对国内外若干与金铜钨锡矿床有关的花岗岩Sr、Yb含量的统计出发,按照花岗岩新的分类,归纳了花岗岩与成矿的关系。指出金铜成矿与埃达克型和喜马拉雅型花岗岩有关,钨锡成矿与南岭型花岗岩有关。其原因主要取决于成岩和成矿的深度以及氧逸度条件。金铜和钨锡成矿的深度不同,因此,金铜和钨锡不可能在同时同地出现,但可以叠加在一起。作者认为,成岩和成矿是两回事,成岩基本上是一个物理过程,而成矿主要体现为化学反应;成岩需要热,而成矿需要热、流体以及合适的矿源3个条件,缺一不可。在一个地区,成岩作用可以很普遍,但是,成矿可能很局限。成岩与成矿有关不是成因有关而是时空有关。成矿与成岩同时、或成矿早于成岩、或晚于成岩,都是合理的,而区分含矿岩体和不含矿岩体可能是没有意义的。文中还讨论了金能否来源于围岩的问题及找矿思路的问题,指出就矿找矿仍然是行之有效的找矿方法。