金在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的丰度

金在地壳，岩石和沉只物中的丰度一直是地球化学研究和金矿勘查中非常重要的参数。随着20世纪80年代金分析测试技术的突破性进展以及目前积累的大量可靠的金的分析数据，发现引用20世纪70年代前发表的有关金的地壳丰度和金在岩石，沉积物中的平均含量作为衡量标准已不适宜。根据近15年来发表的大量有关金在地壳，岩石和沉积物中含量的文献，结合作者在地壳与岩石研究中积累的金的大量可靠数据，综合给出金的地壳丰度为1.0ng/g，出露出壳丰度为0．8ng/g，金在岩石，火成岩，沉积岩和变质岩中的平均含量分别为0．9，0．6，1．0和1．0ng/g，金在中国水纱沉积物，泛滥平均沉积物，浅海沉积物和土壤中的平均含量分别为1．4，1．6，1．2和2．0ng/g。这种对金在地壳，岩石和沉积物中丰度值的新认识，对地球化学理论研究，勘查地球化学甚至金的矿产勘查工作都有重大意义。     

铂族元素在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的分布

随着20世纪90年代铂族元素分析测试技术的突破性进展以及大量可靠的岩石和沉积物铂族元素含量分析数据的积累,引用20世纪80年代前发表的有关铂族元素的地壳丰度和岩石、沉积物中的平均含量作为衡量标准已不适宜。根据近15年来获得的大量的有关铂族元素含量的可靠数据,综合给出了铂族元素在地壳、岩石、土壤和沉积物中的丰度。这种对地壳、岩石和沉积物中铂族元素丰度值的新认识,对理论地球化学、勘查地球化学甚至铂族元素矿产勘查工作都具有重要的意义。     

中国汞的地球化学空间分布特征

20世纪80年代以来中国积累了岩石、土壤和水系沉积物中的大量可靠的汞分析数据和图件,为分析汞的地球化学空间分布特征提供了依据.从空间分布上看,从中国北部到南部,从西部到东部,土壤和水系沉积物中汞的含量背景值逐渐增高,汞在以干旱荒漠区、半干旱荒漠区、黄土地区和高寒山区为主的西部和北部呈低背景,在东部的森林沼泽区和半湿润低山丘陵区为中等背景,在南部的湿润低山丘陵区、热带雨林区和高山峡谷区为高背景,尤其在以云南东南部、贵州、广西西部、湖南西部岩溶区为中心的低温成矿域内,无论岩石、土壤还是水系沉积物,汞含量背景值达到最高.一般情况下,岩石、土壤和水系沉积物之间的汞含量具有继承性,在地理空间分布上呈明显的对栽应关系,并且土壤和水系沉积物之间的汞含量具有相近性,土壤和水系沉积物较岩石更为富集汞.     

中国东部地壳元素丰度与岩石平均化学组成研究

迄今我们习用的地壳化学元素丰度和岩石平均化学组成的文献值大多是收集的汇编数据,不少微量元素特别是贵金属等难测元素的丰度所依据的样品的代表性和测试质量难以考证,其值存在着颇大的不确定度。本研究立足于实测资料,在中国东部系统采集了各类火成岩和变质杂岩体及各时代的标准地层剖面岩石样品28253个,组合成2718个分析样。采用中子活化等15种可靠分析方法测试,以国家一级标准物质作质量监控。求得的华北地台地壳、中国东部上地壳和出露地壳及各类岩石的78种化学元素丰度,显著改善了地壳和岩石的化学元素丰度,填补了多种岩石微量元素丰度的空白。     

中国大陆部分构造单元出露地壳与全球大陆上地壳化学成分的比较--对地壳演化的制约和思考

根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1：20万化探成果，总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示，中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间。华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层，其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低，明显富集CaO和MgO，可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献。相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型，中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W，表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值。华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ（^238U/^204Pb）值（〈8）特征，但其他地区μ值较高，暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义。鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异，以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表。     

中国大陆部分构造单元出露地壳与全球大陆上地壳化学成分的比较——对地壳演化的制约和思考

根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1:20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征.与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间.华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献.相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值.华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(238U/204Pb)值(＜8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义.鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表.     

中国大陆部分构造单元出露地壳与全球大陆上地壳化学成分的比较——对地壳演化的制约和思考

根据中国东部上地壳区域元素丰度研究和新疆北部地区1∶20万化探成果,总结了23个二级大地构造单元出露地壳的元素地球化学特征。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值的对比显示,中国大陆出露地壳成分演化程度介于岛弧与成熟的加拿大地盾之间。华北、扬子地台由于含大量碳酸盐岩地层,其出露地壳SiO2含量偏低,明显富集CaO和MgO,可见在出露地壳和上地壳元素丰度值研究中不应忽视碳酸盐岩的贡献。相对于最新发表的2种全球大陆上地壳平均成分模型,中国大陆出露地壳系统亏损Au、Hg、Mo、Sn和W,表明现有上地壳模型过高地估计了Au、Hg、Mo、Sn、W等元素丰度值。华北地台及其南缘的秦岭-大别山造山带出露地壳具低μ(238U/204Pb)值(<8)特征,但其他地区μ值较高,暗示华北地台及其周边地区出露地壳的低μ值特点不具备全球意义。鉴于中国大陆内部各构造单元之间出露地壳成分的显著横向差异,以华北地台为主体的上地壳成分模型目前尚无充分理由作为中国和全球大陆上地壳平均值的可靠代表。     

聚敛边缘的成矿演化

聚敛边缘岛弧的成矿型式与弧壳的厚度及其岩石演化有关,其本身受岛弧岩石平均硅氧含量和弧南平均厚度之间的正相关关系影响。一般来说,较厚地壳区的锡,汞,锑和氟含量极高,虽然矿床的组成主要受深部地壳和地幔特征的控制,但许多矿床的实际形状和类型却受控于上地壳特征,特别是碳酸盐和硅酸盐围岩的相对丰度,浅成热液贵金属矿床通常与陆地,硅质火山作用有关,一般形成于岛弧演化的较晚期。     

新疆岩石.岩屑.水系沉积物元素背景平均值

论证了中国丰度及地壳表层物质成分研究的必要性和重要性，利用区域地球化学勘查所提供的高精度分析数据，经严格统计计算，发表新疆地区及其一级构造单元表层岩石、岩屑、水系沉积物的39种元素背景平均值。     

新疆岩石·岩屑·水系沉积物元素背景平均值

论证了中国丰度及地壳表层物质成分研究的必要性和重要性，利用区域地球化学勘查所提供的高精度分析数据，经严格统计计算，发表新疆地区其一级构造单元表层岩石、岩屑、水系沉积物的39种元素背景平均值。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an