利用NOAA卫星的AVHRR资料试分析云和雾顶部粒子的尺度特征

该文利用NOAA卫星的AVHRR资料的通道3（3.55～3.93 μm）数据中所包含的太阳反射光信息,分析了云和雾中粒子的大小分布状况。把分析结果与地面观测资料相对比,发现具有CH3反射率小值的云中大粒子区与降水区间存在一定的关系,CH3反射率大值区与大雾覆盖区之间具有良好对应性。     

识别雪与云的新卫星装置

在地面上用肉眼判识冰雪与云雾是容易的。但对于地球上空800km处的气象卫星来说,的确是一个挑战。美国国家海洋与大气局（NOAA）的料学家已开发出一种新方法,可以区分卫星图像中的冰雪与云雾。他们说,这意味着气象观测、预报及气候资料将更加精确。NOAA所属的国家环境卫星数据和信息处的RobFennimore宣称：“NOAA最新的极轨卫星VOAA－15,具有它的前任所没有的一个新通道,即在某高分辨率辐射仪（AVHRR）上装置了一个1．6pm通道,能将冰雪和云区别开来。从3月10日以来,我们一直在测试这个新通道。”Fenni。,CeorgeStephens…     

用NOAA卫星可见光和红外资料估算甘肃省东部农田区土壤湿度

应用NOAA卫星AVHRR通道1、2计算的植被指数和通道4的亮温、农业气象试验站观测的土壤湿度，并结合气象卫星完成的土地覆盖分类等资料，建立了由植被指数和亮温估算甘肃省东部农田区土壤湿度的方程。结果表明，农田土壤湿度与植被指数和亮温间均存在一定相关关系；用植被指数和亮温可以估计土壤湿度情况，并对干旱进行监测。     

由卫星辐射测量资料计算候、旬和月平均海面温度场

本文介绍了一个从NOAA卫星AVHRR红外窗区通道辐射测量资料获取候、旬和月平均海面温度场的计算机软件系统,并提供了用1987年6月的NOAA-9卫星AVHRR资料,对软件系统进行测试得到的旬和月平均海面温度场。     

3S技术在晚稻长势监测中的综合应用研究

以江西省为试验区，探讨用RS－GIS－GPS技术监测作物长势的方法和途径。针对丘陵山区地形复杂、地块不成规模的情况，在GIS支持下，将数字高程数据、土地利用分类数据与GPS定位观测数据相结合，对NOAA／AVHRR进行判读，提取反映双季晚稻长势的植被指数，用该指数与GPS定位观测资料及地理信息数据进行监督分类监测苗情，并用迭代自组织分析法进行无GPS定位观测资料时相应时相的NOAA／AVHRR的长势监测。研究结果表明，选用的地理信息数据（数字高程数据、土地利用分类）与GPS定位观测资料相结合提高NOAA／AVHRR数据的利用效果是适合的和切实可行的。     

NOAA/AVHRR遥感监测森林火灾的准确性研究

四川地处长江上游,增加森林植被,减少森林火灾,对于治理水土流失,改善生态环境,促进长江流域经济发展,具有重要意义.NOAA/AVHRR的各个通道对于监测森林火灾都有重要作用,通过选择合理的参数值,可有效提高NOAA/AVHRR对森林火灾的监测能力.本文以2003年的地面林(荒)火资料及四川省农气中心NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料为基础,经多次试验,认为选择T3>317.0K 、R2<0.12、T4>260K、15K相似文献   

黄河源区植被变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应过程研究

利用1982～2001年NOAA/AVHRR(美国大气海洋局卫星/甚高分辨率辐射计)NDVI(归一化植被指数)资料、2000～2008年EOS/MODIS(地球观测系统卫星/中等分辨率成像光谱仪)NDVI资料以及1982～2008年黄河源区的玛多、玛曲和兴海气象台站逐月气温和降水资料,分析了黄河源区玛多、玛曲和兴海地区...     

安徽省干旱灾害监测及预警服务系统研究

介绍了利用NOAA／AVHRR卫星资料与土壤水分人工观测资料，进行干旱灾害监测的方法、指标。详述了安徽省干旱灾害预警服务系统的组成、功能和运用统计学方法，建立土壤干旱预测模型，结合干旱指标确定干旱等级，开展安徽省干旱预警服务的情况。     

NOAA／AVHRR遥感监测森林火灾的准确性研究

四川地处长江上游 ,增加森林植被 ,减少森林火灾 ,对于治理水土流失 ,改善生态环境 ,促进长江流域经济发展 ,具有重要意义。NOAA/AVHRR的各个通道对于监测森林火灾都有重要作用 ,通过选择合理的参数值 ,可有效提高NOAA/AVHRR对森林火灾的监测能力。本文以 2 0 0 3年的地面林 (荒 )火资料及四川省农气中心NOAA/AVHRR卫星遥感资料为基础 ,经多次试验 ,认为选择T3>31 7 0K、R2 <0 1 2、T4 >2 6 0K、1 5K 相似文献   

NOAA卫星2007年总云量数据精度评估

以2007年数据为例,利用MODIS产品和地面观测数据对NOAA/AVHRR计算得到的总云量进行数据质量评估。评估结果表明,利用NOAA/AVHRR计算的总云量能较好地反映中国总云量的变化特征,总体上在统计意义上要比站点观测总云量略偏低。当以地面观测云为真值,与MODIS云检测产品相比,利用NOAA/AVHRR检测的云像元准确性较高,误判率较低。利用EOF和SVD分解分析NOAA/AVHRR计算总云量与地面观测和MODIS产品的相似度,得到NOAA/AVHRR计算总云量在空间分布上更接近站点观测值,NOAA/AVHRR计算总云量与地面观测总云量SVD分解第一模态时间系数的相关系数(0.96)高于MODIS产品和地面观测总云量间的相关系数(0.76),特别在冬季,NOAA/AVHRR计算总云量明显好于MODIS总云量产品。     

大气沙尘辐射特性的卫星观测

对１９９１年３－５月在ＨＥＩＦＥ实验区过境的１０次ＡＶＨＲＲ测量资料和同期大气浑浊度观测资料的分析结果表明,ＡＶＨＲＲ资料可用于大气沙尘对地系统辐射能收支影响的研究。     

用神经网络方法对NOAA-AVHRR资料进行云客观分类

利用NOAA AVHRR 5个通道资料建立了 6种云类以及陆地和水体的样本数据库 ,其中包括 8× 8象素样本和单象素样本。AVHRR的 5个探测通道都位于大气窗区 ,吸收物质少 ,比较透明 ,可以比较准确地反映探测表面的性质。理论分析和试验结果表明 :除了不同性质的云在 5个通道中有不同的表现外 ,通道之间的差别也可用于云分类。在理论分析和试验的基础上 ,对 8× 8象素样本库提取了包括光谱特征、灰度特征、通道差特征、灰度统计量和灰度直方图统计量特征在内的 80个特征 ,并利用逐步判别分析方法进行特征筛选 ,共选出 2 0个特征 ,用神经网络方法对 8种类型云和地表样本数据库分类 ,选择网络结构为 2 0 - 4 0 - 15 - 4的B P网络 ,利用 30 0 0多个样本进行神经网络训练 ,并用其余的 3万多个独立样本数据进行检验 ,测试正确率达 79%。类似地 ,对单象素样本数据 ,提取了包括光谱特征、灰度特征、通道差特征在内的 2 0个特征 ,用神经网络方法对 8种类型云和地表分类 ,选择网络结构为 2 0 - 4 0 - 15 - 4的 4层B P网络 ,利用 2 0 0 0多个样本进行神经网络训练 ,并用其余的 2万多个独立样本数据进行检验 ,测试正确率达 78%。设计并编写了实际云图客观云分类系统和软件 ,该系统输入为 5个通道的AVHRR数据 ,可自动获取已     

Climate sensitivity studies of the Greenland ice sheet using satellite AVHRR,SMMR, SSM/I and in situ data

Summary The feasibility of using satellite data for climate research over the Greenland ice sheet is discussed. In particular, we demonstrate the usefulness of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Local Area Coverage (LAC) and Global Area Coverage (GAC) data for narrow-band albedo retrieval. Our study supports the use of lower resolution AVHRR (GAC) data for process studies over most of the Greenland ice sheet. Based on LAC data time series analysis, we can resolve relative albedo changes on the order of 2–5%. In addition, we examine Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave data for snow typing and other signals of climatological significance. Based on relationships between in situ measurements and horizontally polarized 19 and 37 GHz observations, wet snow regions are identified. The wet snow regions increase in aerial percentage from 9% of the total ice surface in June to a maximum of 26% in August 1990. Furthermore, the relationship between brightness temperatures and accumulation rates in the northeastern part of Greenland is described. We found a consistent increase in accumulation rate for the northeastern part of the ice sheet from 1981 to 1986.With 16 Figures     

海面温度对热带气旋路径的影响初探

利用NOAA卫星AVHRR的3个红外通道的探测资料推算的海面温度场,分析了海面温度对热带气旋路径的影响,其结果是在127段热带气旋路径中有100段路径偏向暖海水区。     

用Landsat TM订正NOAA／AVHRR监测洪涝精度方法研究

为了提高NOAA卫星监测洪涝灾害精度，分别对NOAA和TM卫星资料监测洪涝灾害的光学原理进行阐述，并以黑山县和台安县为例，利用Landsat TM资料空间分辨率高的特点，对NOAA／AVHRR资料监测洪涝精度进行订正分析，平均相对误差为4．4％。研究结果表明，利用TM对NOAA监测洪涝精度进行订正是提高NOAA卫星监测洪涝精度可行的有效方法。     

Estimation of Land Surface Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau Using AVHRR and MODIS Data

Estimation of large-scale land surface temperature from satellite images is of great importance for the study of climate change. This is especially true for the most challenging areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this paper, two split window algorithms (SWAs), one for the NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolu-tion Radiometer (AVHRR), and the other for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), were applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) over the TP simultaneously. AVHRR and M...     

A Modified Becker''s Split-Window Approach for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from AVHRR and VIRR

In order to provide a long time-series, high spatial resolution, and high accuracy dataset of land surface temperature (LST) for climatic change research, a modified Becker and Li's split-window approach is pro- posed in this paper to retrieve LST from the measurements of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-7 to -18 and the Visible and InfraRed Radiometer (VIRR) onboard FY-3A. For this purpose, the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Model (MODTRAN) 4.1 was first employed to compute the spectral radiance at the top of atmosphere (TOA) under a variety of surface and atmosphere conditions. Then, a temperature dataset consists of boundary temperature Ts (which is one of the input parameters to MODTRAN), and channels 4 and 5 brightness temperatures (T4 and T5) were constructed. Note that channels 4 and 5 brightness tempera- tures were simulated from the MODTRAN output spectral radiance by convolving them with the spectral response functions (SRFs) of channels 4 and 5 of AVHRRs and VIRR. The coefficients of modified Becker and Li's split-window approach for various AVHRRs and VIRR were subsequently regressed based on this temperature dataset using the least square method. As an example of validation, one AVHRR satellite image over Beijing acquired at 0312 UTC 27 April 2008 by AVHRR onboard NOAA-17 was selected to retrieve the LST image using the modified Becker and Li's approach. The comparison between this LST image and that from the MODIS level-2 LST product provided by the University of Tokyo in Japan indicates that the correlation coefficient is 0.88, the bias is 0.6 K, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) is 2.1 K. Furthermore, about 70% and 37% pixels in the LST difference image, which is the result of retrieved LST image from AVHRR minus the corresponding MODIS LST image, have the values within ±2 and ±1 K, respectively.     

NOAA/AVHRR陕西局地数据集的生成及应用

本文介绍了利用国家卫星气象中心“极轨气象卫星资料接收处理系统”的标准局地数据集生成ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ陕西省局地数据集的方法。并示例介绍了该数据集在制作陕西省ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ假彩色合成遥感影像中的应用。     

气象卫星的通道选择及其开发应用

介绍了气象卫星通道选择的原则及现有各种卫星的通道,重点介绍了ＮＯＡＡ卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ各通道及静止气象卫星水汽通道的用途,特别提出了多通道的应用是现有气象卫星资料开发应用的方向。     

A modified Becker’s split-window approach for retrieving land surface temperature from AVHRR and VIRR

In order to provide a long time-series,high spatial resolution,and high accuracy dataset of land surface temperature(LST) for climatic change research,a modified Becker and Li’s split-window approach is proposed in this paper to retrieve LST from the measurements of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)-7 to-18 and the Visible and InfraRed Radiometer(VIRR) onboard FY-3A.For this purpose,the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Model(MODTRAN) 4.1 was first employed to compute the spectral radiance at the top of atmosphere(TOA) under a variety of surface and atmosphere conditions.Then,a temperature dataset consists of boundary temperature T s(which is one of the input parameters to MODTRAN),and channels 4 and 5 brightness temperatures(T 4 and T 5) were constructed.Note that channels 4 and 5 brightness temperatures were simulated from the MODTRAN output spectral radiance by convolving them with the spectral response functions(SRFs) of channels 4 and 5 of AVHRRs and VIRR.The coefficients of modified Becker and Li’s split-window approach for various AVHRRs and VIRR were subsequently regressed based on this temperature dataset using the least square method.As an example of validation,one AVHRR satellite image over Beijing acquired at 0312 UTC 27 April 2008 by AVHRR onboard NOAA-17 was selected to retrieve the LST image using the modified Becker and Li’s approach.The comparison between this LST image and that from the MODIS level-2 LST product provided by the University of Tokyo in Japan indicates that the correlation coefficient is 0.88,the bias is 0.6 K,and the root mean square deviation(RMSD) is 2.1 K.Furthermore,about 70% and 37% pixels in the LST difference image,which is the result of retrieved LST image from AVHRR minus the corresponding MODIS LST image,have the values within ± 2 and ± 1 K,respectively.