The anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility in the northeastern fringe of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an indicator of palaeowind direction

ＴＨＥＡＮＩＳＯＴＲＯＰＹＯＦＬＯＥＳＳＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＳＵＳＣＥＰＴＩＢＩＬＩＴＹＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＦＲＩＮＧＥＯＦＱＩＮＧＨＡＩＸＩＺＡＮＧＰＬＡＴＥＡＵＡＳＡＮＩＮＤＩＣＡＴＯＲＯＦＰＡＬＡＥＯＷＩＮＤＤＩＲＥＣＴＩＯＮＷａｎ...     

The anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility in the northeastern fringe of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an indicator of palaeowind direction

Estimates of the palaeo-subaerial wind direction were studied systematically for the first time by using the anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements in the northwestern China. One hundred and forty undisturbed oriented aeolian loess samples were collected from Lanzhou, Linxia and Wudu areas for AMS measurements, which indicated the subaerial wind directions were not the same while the loess deposited. From the Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene till Late Pleistocene, the wind direction experienced an anticlockwise rotation in the studied area. We suggested this change was related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the adjustment of current and landform effects.     

Desertization of the continental shelf of China in the later stage of Late Pleistocene

In the later stage of Late Pleistocene, global climate entered into the climax period of Würm when temperature decreased remarkably and glaciers developed. Information from the East China Sea also confirm that the sea level fell by at least 130 m at that time (Emery, 1968). The Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea at the climax period were totally exposed, while the East China Sea and South China Sea shelf regions were exposed partly. The exposed shelf area exceeded 1 million km² and became a salty desert where land plants could not survive. Such were the conditions which led to the desertization of the shelf region. Eolation was the major exogenetic force not only on land but also on the shelf region in the ice age. At the climax period of Würm, the northern part of China developed thick layers of loess deposits. The shelf region at that time had similar climatic conditions and sediments. Because the shelf region was not protected by vegetation in the ice age, intensive wind storms remoulded the primarily deposited strata to produce new sedimentary differentiation and new series of land sediments. Shallow-layer profiler records indicated the existence of many land sediment types, including dunes, dune-chains, desert bodies, thick layers of repose angle sediments and desertization derivatives. New data available show the shelf region adjoining China can be divided into six regions of desertization and its derivatives. Contribution No. 1846, from the Institute of Oceanology, Acadernia Sinica. Project sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

记黄海、渤海海底发现的原始牛新亚种

本文记述的渤海,黄海海底发现的原始牛角心化石(3件),根据形态特征将其定名为Bos primigenius dalianensis subsp.nov.(原始牛大连亚种)。时代屆新生代第四纪晚更新世。这是我国首次于海底发现的原始牛化石。它的发现为探讨晚更新世时期黄海、渤海古地理环境,古气候条件,海水进退,冰期与间冰期的更替,哺乳动物的演化和迁徙提供了新的资料。     

两郧断裂郧县盆地段地质与地球物理特征研究

通过野外地质调查，结合地球物理探测手段，研究两郧断裂郧县盆地段地质与地球物理特征；参照两郧断裂带多个位置采集断层物质的SEM、TL测试成果，并结合本次对断层上断点沉积物OSL测年数据，对两郧断裂该段第四纪活动性进行分析。研究结果表明，两郧断裂在郧县盆地段埋深相对较深；断裂特征主要为逆断层，部分分支断裂显示为正断性质；断裂带最新活动时代为中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期。     

Last glacial geomorphologic records in Mt Chelmos,North Peloponnesus,Greece

This study deals with the analysis of the glacial processes that have affected the relief of Mt Chelmos in northern Peloponnesus, Greece during middle and Late Pleistocene. The goal was to compile a combined geomorphological-geological map of the study area which would enable the chronological stratification of the glacial landforms cropping up on Mt. Chelmos. Chronological stratification was further aided by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The map served as the basis upon which the reconstruction and discussion on the phases of the Middle-Late Quaternary paleoclimatic history of Mt. Chelmos have been made. A sophisticated semiautomated method was first used to analyze the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), combined with Aster, Quickbird and ALOS imagery in order to identify glacial and periglacial, as well as karstic features. Then, these features along with other nonrecognizable features from the remote-sensing images were documented in the field. In this way, several glacial landforms were identified, such as moraines and cirques, indicating extended glaciation phases during the middle and Late Pleistocene. Additionally, a ground moraine located at an altitude of 1900-2050 m, within the Spanolakos glacial valley, was dated using the OSL-dating method. The resulting ages indicate a phase of glacier advance/stabilization during MIS-5b (89-86 ka), which is in consistence with pollenrecord evidence from Greece and the Mediterranean.     

Tracing the provenance of aeolian loess in the Yangtze River Delta through zircon U–Pb age and geochemical investigations

Given the conflicts over the proposed formation mechanisms of Xiashu loess, the question of the provenance of sediments comprising the Xiashu loess in the Yangtze River Delta has not been satisfactorily resolved. In this study, the provenance of aeolian sediments of the Yangtze River Delta, China was examined by applying the detrial zircon U–Pb dating technique, Sr–Nd isotopic and trace element compositional analysis. U-Pb dating analysis was conducted on the Xiashu loess at three locations over the Yangtze River Delta, including Huangnishan(HNS) hill, Shengshan(SS) island and the Xuancheng(XC) area. The Xiashu loess and the sediments of the Yangtze River Valley share considerable similarity in their zircon U-Pb age spectra with the same main age peak and comparable age distribution. By contrast, significant differences in the age spectra, existbetween the Xiashu loess and loess deposits of Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP). Coarse grains of the Yangtze River Delta loess may have a proximal material source identical to the sediments from the Yangtze River valley. Sr–Nd isotopic values of the Xiashu loess match those from the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Rare earth element ratios independent of grain size illustrate that the values from loess of the Yangtze River Delta mostly overlap with those of CLP loess. This feature implies that loess from the Yangtze River Delta has a dominant source of distant material similar as the CLP loess. As such, we conclude that multi-proxy analysis of sediments can shed new light on tracing the provenance of aeolian loess in the Yangtze River Delta.     

莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔晚更新世以来的沉积环境探讨

通过钻孔岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积物粒度、磁化率与测井曲线对莱州湾南岸XZK2钻孔上部晚更新世以来的松散沉积物进行了沉积相划分,结合14C同位素年龄测定,划分了深海氧同位素阶段,表明该地区沉积物磁化率与砂含量曲线具有明显的正相关关系,结合已有研究,证明该地区晚更新世以来古环境经历了三次冷暖交替,而莱州湾西南海岸所发现的相当于沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵的三次海侵事件,钻孔上仅见全新世黄骅海侵,沧州海侵、献县海侵相应层位为滨海沉积。     

Buried paleo-channel system and records of sea level changes on the continental shelf in Yingge Sea Basin

High resolution geophysical instruments were used to locate many buried paleo-channels, paleo-lakes, and river mouth paleo-deltas formed during low sea level at the end of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Some paleo-rivers flowed southward into the paleo-lake and others southeastward into the Paleo-South China Sea. It may be inferred from data on buried paleo-channels that sea level remained for some time at the −50m (longest time here), −100m, and −130 to −140 m (lowest level) water depths, and that corresponding paleo-coastlines were formed at the respective depths.     

Geomorphic features of Quaternary glaciation in the Taniantaweng Mountain,on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

We present geomorphological evidence for multiple glacial fluctuations during the Quaternary in the Taniantaweng Mountain, which is situated at the transition zone of the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. To reconstruct the history of glacial evolution during the Quaternary Glaciation, we present a ~13000 km~2 geomorphologic map(1:440,000) for the Quaternary glaciations, as well as three electron spin resonance(ESR) ages and three optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) ages from the landforms. By integrating these with ages from previous studies, four major glacial advances are identified during marine oxygen isotope stages(MIS) 6, 3, 2 and 1. This glacial chronology is in reasonable agreement with existing glacial chronologies from other parts of the Hengduan Mountains and surrounding mountains. Glaciers had extended to the Yuqu River during the glacial maximum advance(MIS 6), but became successively more restricted from MIS 3 to MIS 1. The glacial distribution show that precipitation brought by the south Asian monsoon might play a primary role in driving glacial advances during the last glacial period in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE EASTERN CHINA DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE

The environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene were more obvious in the eastern China than in other areas at the same latitude, which either between northern and southern, or between land and sea of the eastern China were mostly non-synchronous. The transitional period prior to the last glaciation came about in the northern part of the eastern China about 115,000 yr. ago. The desert environments of the inland of the north China were developed both in the glacial maximum and in the warm interglacial period, but the loess accumulation mostly took place during the glacial period. The sand dunes and the periglacial solifluctions in the lower Changjiang (Yangtze) River region were formed during the last glacial period. The event of lowest surface temperature occurred at 98,000 yr. B.P. and 59,000 yr. B.P. in the northern part of the South China Sea but not during the full-glacial stage. The phenomena mentioned . above were the result of the following reasons that the paleo-environmental changes in the     

大别山东麓河流阶地初步研究

基于遥感解译、野外调查、光释光(OSL)测年和无人机地形测绘,对大别山东麓桐城-太湖段河流阶地发育特征与变形情况进行初步研究。结果表明：1）大别山东麓河流阶地发育较差,各中小型河流普遍发育一级阶地,少数大型河流发育2级阶地;2）大别山东麓河流T1阶地形成时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期(约25 ka BP~12 ka BP),T2阶地形成时代为晚更新世中期(约55 ka BP);3）郯庐断裂带大别山东麓段自河流T2阶地形成以来未发生明显活动,该段最新活动时代为中更新世。     

Diagenetic control of magnetic susceptibility variation in Core MD98-2172 from the Eastern Timor Sea

Detailed mineral magnetic measurements, integrated with grain-size distribution and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, were made on the marine sediments of Core MD98-2172, retrieved from the Eastern Timor Sea. Values of magnetic susceptibility in this core drop sharply down-core from ∼3.85 m deep below sediment/water interface and are very low at ∼5.35 m. However, both XRD and grain-size distribution results show no sudden change in terrigenous input during sedimentation. Mineral magnetic results indicate that the depth of ∼3.85 m may be an oxic/anoxic boundary. Therefore, the sediments below ∼3.85 m have been subjected to intense reductive diagenesis, whereas the sediments above ∼3.85 m are seldom affected. The magnetic properties of the sediments shallower than 3.85 m are dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite, with little down-core variation in its content and grain size. Below ∼3.85 m, the magnetic mineral assemblages that have survived in the sediments may record different stages of the reductive diagenesis: (1) the sediments from the 3.85–5.35 m interval are at the stage of iron oxide reduction; PSD magnetite is the major magnetic contributor, but it becomes less abundant and coarser down-core; (2) the sediments below ∼5.35 m are at the stage of sulphate reduction; ferrimagnetic minerals almost vanish and paramagnetic minerals contribute to down-core susceptibility variations, including pyrite as evidenced by high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. However, the susceptibility variations below ∼5.35 m of Core MD98-2172 show obvious periodicity, despite the intense effect of reductive diagenesis. Furthermore, the down-core susceptibility variations are coincident with fluctuations in the quantity of fine detrital particles (<8 μm), which may come mainly from the advection of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and/or river input from Timor. Therefore, for Core MD98-2172, susceptibility variation below ∼5.35 m, which potentially correspond to fluctuations in the quantity of fine particles, may record the histories of the development of the ITF and precipitation on Timor.     

黄土高原晚更新世的植被与气候环境

在被认为孢粉贫乏的黄土中分析出了大量孢粉,首次作出了黄土地层的孢粉浓度图式。根据１０余个剖面上孢粉组合的变化,阐明了晚更新世的植被与气候在时间上演替与空间上分布的规律,证明了各地植被在时间上的演变韵律十分相似,说明它们同受全球气候变化的控制,但同一时期在空间上各地植被不尽相同,此乃局地自然环境差异所致。根据植被变化重建了古气温曲线。     

秦岭太白盆地黄土地层发育时的古环境

太白盆地黄土地层厚１６ｍ左右．发育有两层红褐色古土壤。化学分析与微结构鉴定表明该盆地黄土中的古土壤为ＦｅＯ３与Ａｌ２Ｏ３迁移深度大但无聚集的棕壤．并已成为明显的风化无，发育时的年平均降水量在１０００ｍｍ以上．太白盆地黄土中ＣａＣＯ３含量少，发育有淀积型的光性定向粘土．表明黄土地层发育时的降水量也在６００ｍｍ以上。该盆地黄土地层发育在距今约２０多万年前．指示从这一时期开始，中国黄土搬运高度已超过２０００ｍ。微结构的观察还表明，光性定向粘土不仅可用于降水量的研究，也可用于指示温度的相对高低．     

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?????????(4??11 ??m)???????????????SMAR????????????????1976????????????￥????????е???????????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о???????????????50~7.16 ka???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С???0.03 m/ka??????????0.6 m??????????1976???????????ɡ?75~50 ka??????????~50 ka????????????????????~0.1 m/ka??????ζ?????????????????????????????????~0.2 m/ka????????о???????????????仯????????????????????????????     

华北盆地北缘宝坻断裂晚更新世以来的活动性研究

通过人工浅层地震反射剖面发现,在香河县荆庄地区,宝坻断裂表现为一条近EW走向的南倾正断层,剖面上呈铲状,对第四系沉积具有一定的控制作用,为一条第四纪活动断裂。通过部署在断层两侧的构造观察孔岩芯对比及¹⁴C测年、光释光测年数据可知,宝坻断裂上断点距地表5~7 m左右,主要活动时间为晚更新世,全新世及中更新世晚期无明显活动。岩芯对比表明,距今10万年以来,宝坻断裂共发生2次地震活动,累积位移2.6 m,其中最近一次地震发生于22 740±70 a BP,同震位移1.4 m;另一次地震发生于距今97.1±4.4~98.0±5.3 ka之间,同震位移1.2 m。根据本次钻孔结果,结合前人对张家口-渤海构造带东段断裂活动性及发震规律的研究,判断宝坻断裂全新世以来整体处于不活跃状态,诱发中强地震和大地震的可能性较低。此外,香河县荆庄一带发育的地裂缝为受宝坻断裂控制的构造型地裂缝,断裂南北两侧的不均匀地面沉降产生的剪切应力会加速荆庄地裂缝的发展。     

粒度端元记录的靖边地区MIS 3以来的气候变化

黄土作为典型的多物源沉积物，粒度分布常呈现多峰分布。端元分析可以从复杂的沉积物粒度中分离出代表不同沉积物源和沉积动力的端元组分，在黄土研究中得到了广泛应用。利用Paterson参数化端元模型对处于毛乌素沙漠东南缘的靖边三道沟剖面粒度进行端元分离与解释，并讨论其代表的环境意义。靖边三道沟黄土可分为4个端元:EM1（众数粒径8.93 μm）为背景粉尘；EM2（众数粒径25.18 μm）为与季风环流有关的组分；EM3（众数粒径39.91 μm）和EM4（众数粒径56.37 μm）都是与冬季风有关的组分，其中EM3为黄土高原黄土主要组分，EM4与现代沙尘暴的粒级大致相同。通过对各端元组分随年龄变化的曲线进行分析，得到以下结论:该剖面记录了靖边地区自MIS 3以来经历了MIS 3（32.8~29.8 ka BP）、LGM（29.8~22.8 ka BP）、冰消期（22.8~11.3 ka BP）和全新世（8.7~1.7 ka BP）共4个气候时期。端元组分还记录了冰消期H 1事件（16.2~13.8 ka BP）、B/A事件（13.8~12.8 ka BP）、YD事件（12.8~11.3 ka BP）共3次气候快速变化事件和D-O旋回。该剖面还记录了毛乌素沙漠末次冰期经历的3次主要的扩张-收缩旋回以及全新世8.7~8.2，6.0~5.0，3.5~2.5 ka共3次干旱沙进事件。      

DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN OF SEDIMENTS ON THE NORTHERN SUNDA SHELF, SOUTH CHINA SEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｈｅｌｖｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｌｙｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｉｓｔｈｅ1850000ｋｍ2ＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｌｏｃａｔｅｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｌａｒｇｅｉｓｌａｎｄｓｏｆＳｕｍａｔｒａ,Ｂｏｒｎｅｏ,ＪａｖａａｎｄｍａｉｎｌａｎｄＡｓｉａ(ＬａＦｏｎｄ,1966).ＴｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｉｓｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＪａｖａＳｅａｓ…