A study on the flora of woody plants of Shanxi and the relationship among the flora of Shanxi and some regions, China

There are 463 species of woody plant, belonging to 166 genera and 70 families in Shanxi, North China. The floristic composition types of genera and species are abundant, in which the compositions distributed in temperate zones (including North Temperate, Old World Temperate and Temperate Asia), having 62 genera, are dominant and account for 38.27% in total genera (except for Cosmopolitan), and they are major constructive or dominant species of vegetation in Shanxi. The floristic compositions of woody plants of Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia were studied comparatively by using diversity index, principal component analysis (PCA) and group-average clustering, respectively. The floristic composition of Shanxi was considerably similar to that of Hebei, Beijing and Shandong because they shared a lot of genera, specially genera distributed in temperate regions, such as Rosa, Quercus, Populus, Salix, Acer, Ulmus, Pinus etc. and their eco-environment were considerably similar. However, the flora of Shanxi was comparatively different from that of Henan, Jiangxi and Inner Mongolia by reason that there were distinct differences among their eco-geographic conditions, floristic compositions and constructive or dominant species of dominant vegetation types. Supported by Shanxi Returned Oversea Scholar Foundation, China     

A study on the flora of woody plants of Shanxi and the relationship among the flora of Shanxi and some regions, China

ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＦＬＯＲＡＯＦＷＯＯＤＹＰＬＡＮＴＳＯＦＳＨＡＮＸＩＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＡＭＯＮＧＴＨＥＦＬＯＲＡＯＦＳＨＡＮＸＩＡＮＤＳＯＭＥＲＥＧＩＯＮＳ,ＣＨＩＮＡ①ＺｈａｎｇＦｅｎｇ（张峰）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＬｉｆ...     

Early Norian flora from Partizansk River Basin of Primorye, Russia

IntroductionThe Late Triassic strata andflora developed andwell outcropped in southern Pri morye,Russia.Thestrata are marine and non-marine alternate for eachother and yield abundant mollusk and plant fossilsinwhich the Late Triassic Mongugai flora is well-known in the world.Kryshtofovich(1910,1921,1924)and Kryshtofovich&Prynada(1932)studiedthis florainthe earlier ti me,and consequently,Sre-brodolyskaja(1958,1961,1968),Schorokhova(1975,1977,1997,2004)and Krassilov&Schorokhova(1970,1975)ma…     

Early Norian flora from Partizansk River Basin of Primorye, Russia

An early Norian flora from the Partizansk River Basin of Primorye, Far-East of Russia, is described in detail for the first time, in which over 25 taxa are reported. The flora is dominated by cycadoalean, bennettitalean and coniferous plants, associated with a lot of ferns and czekanowskialean plants, and with a few ginkgoalean. In floristic characteristics, the flora can be well comparable with Late Triassic Mongugai flora of southwestern Primorye and its neighboring Tianqiaoling flora of eastern Jilin, China, as well with the Yamanoi and Nariwa floras from southwestern Japan. As the plant-bearing strata are sandwiched in the lower Norian marine beds yielding marine fauna, the age of the Partizansk flora is well evidenced as the early Norian. Paleophytogeographically, the flora appears to be in the ecotone of the Medio-Triassic and Arcto-Triassic floristic regions in Eurasia, and indicates probably warm temperate or subtropic vegetation in nature. Four new species are reported in this paper, including Ctenis elegantus sp. nov, Ixostrobus pacificus sp. nov., Elatocladus elegantus sp. nov. and E. prynadae sp. nov.     

Lopingian mixed floras from Linxi Formation in Soron area， Inner Mongolia

A lot of well-preserved plants from the Linxi Formation are collected in the Soron area,Inner Mongo- lia,consisting of 34 species of 16 genera． They are Late Permian in age． The flora is characterized by a lot of Angaran plants,such as Paracalamites,Comia,Ｒhachiphyllum,Iniopteris,Ｒufloria,etc． Some Cathaysian ele- ments,such as Lobatannularia lingulata,L． multifolia,Fascipteris Cathaysiantus,F． densata,Taeniopteris szei,Cladophlebis liulinensis and C． permica,are also mixed within the present flora． This indicates that the So- ron of Inner Mongolia was located in the sector between the Angaran and Cathysian floristic provinces in Loping- ian． It is beneficial for depicting the location and the evolution of the Solenker--Xar Moron suture zone in the phytogeographic view． The transmigration of tropical and subtropical Cathaysian plants to the north indicates that the Paleoasian Ocean was closed during the late Permian along the suture zone．     

FEATURES OF SPERMATOPHYTIC FLORA OF HENAN PROVINCE IN CHINA

1 INTRODUCTIONFlora refers to the sum total ofthe plant species found ina specified region, and is the integration of florogenesis,plant evolution and historical geographical change.Henan Province is located in Central China Plains(comprising the middle a…     

THE FLORISTIC STRUCTURE OF THE XIZANG PART OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU PLANT SUBKINGDOM

The flora of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau belongs to the floristic subkingdom of the Holarctic plant kingdom. The Xizang part of this subkingdom can be divided into 4 plant regions. 1) the Yarlung Zangbo River valley region. There are 1,003 species of seed plants, making up 19.38% of the total species in Xizang, and 159 endemic species, 15.89% of the total seed plants. The flora originates mainly from the East Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. 2) The Tanggute region. There are 349 species of seed plants and 10 endemic species. The flora represents an intermediate one between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains.3) The Qiangtang region. There are 255 species of seed plants and 18 endemic species. The flora derived from the Himalayan flora and mixed with a great number of Tethysian elements. 4) the Ali region. There are 547 species of seed plants and 41 endemic species. The flora seems to be closely related to Tethysian one.     

A STUDY ON THE FLORISTIC PLANT GEOGRAPHY OF XISHA ISLANDS, SOUTH CHINA

邢福武，李泽贤，叶华谷，陈炳辉，吴德邻ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＦＬＯＲＩＳＴＩＣＰＬＡＮＴＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＹＯＦＸＩＳＨＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳ，ＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＸｉｎｇＦｕｗｕ；ＬｉＺｅｘｉａｎ；ＹｅＨｕａｇｕ；ＣｈｅｎＢｉｎｇｈｕｉ；ＷｕＤｅｌｉｎ（...     

THE FLORISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TROPICAL RAINFOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA

ＴＨＥ ＦＬＯＲＩＳＴＩＣ ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳ ＯＦ ＴＨＥ ＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬ ＲＡＩＮＦＯＲＥＳＴ ＩＮ ＸＩＳＨＵＡＮＧＢＡＮＮＡ ＺｈｕＨｕａ（朱华）（ＸｉｓｈｕａｎｇｂａｎｎａＴｒｏｐｉｃａｌＢｏｔａｎｉｃａｌＧａｒｄｅｎ，ｔｈｅ...     

Early Jurassic Flora and Stratigraphy from Shansonggang of Southern Jilin,China

More than 35 species belonging to 22 genera of fossil plants are recognized by the authors from the Shansonggang flora in the 8hansonggang Basin of Jilin, China. Among them, the coexistence of Coniopteris and Cycadocarpidium demonstrates that the present flora possesses the characters of the early assemblage of Early Jurassic floras in Eurasia. Therefore, the age of the Shansonggang flora is considered the Early Jurassic.This study would be beneficial for better understanding the paleoecological and paleoclimatic characteristics of the Shansonggang Basin. Based mainly on the characters of the flora, the authors suggest that the Lower Jurassic coal-bearing strata, the Shansongang Formation, should namely be renewed.     

Early Jurassic Flora and Stratigraphy from Shansonggang of Southern Jilin,China

1IntroductionThe Shansonggang Basin, one of the Mesozoic coal-bearing basins in northeastern China, is located in southern Jilin Province, China and covering about 30 km2(Fig.1). The basin is lying in the northwest-ern margin of the Longgang anticline, just opposite to the Yihe Basin which lies in the southeastern margin of the anticline. During 1940s~1970 s, a lot of work on the survey of coal geology was made in the basin, but there has been a little knowledge about the plant fossils…     

Early Cretaceous flora from coal-bearing strata of Markovsky Peninsula in South Primorye，Russia

The Early Cretaceous flora from the coal-bearing strata(Ussuri and Lipovtsy formations)in the Markovsky peninsula of South Primorye,Far East Russia,is reported in some detail in this paper.The flora containing over 80 species of about 50 genera can be divided into two assemblages.The paleofloristic characteristics and the comparisons of this flora with its coeval floras from the adjacent region of the eastern Heilongjiang of Northeast China,indicate the flora and its coal-bearing strata of the Markovsky peninsula can be compared to those of the Chengzihe and Muling formations of the Jixi area of Heilongjiang,representing probably the late Barremian and Aptian age,respectively.     

Comparison of Early Jurassic flora from South Primorye of Russia with its main coeval floras of China

The Early Jurassic flora,with over 42 species of 26 genera and documented in age by sandwiched marine beds,from the Lower Jurassic Schitukhe Formation of South Primorye,Russia,is further reported.The flora is dominated by cycadophytes,ferns and conifers,with some of ginkgoales and czekanowskiales,and characterized by occurrence of Cycadocarpidium,with very rare Coniopteris.A comparison of this flora with its coeval Early Jurassic floras of China is discussed.The Russian flora is considered as the early assemblage of Early Jurassic flora,and more similar to the Early Jurassic floras from the Shansonggang-and Yihe formations of Jilin,Beipiao Formation of Liaoning,and lower-middle Guanyintan Formation of Hunan in China.     

山东淄博地区晚石炭世一早二叠世植物群特征

山东淄博地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物化石经笔者鉴定,计有37属104种。本文对当前植物群的组成和性质进行了分析,论证了植物群显示的古气候条件。当前植物群可划分为三个植物组合,即晚石炭世斯氏鳞木—卵脉羊齿 Lepidodendron szeianum—Neuropteris ovata 组合、早二叠世早期中国瓣轮叶—尖头带羊齿 Lobatannularia sinensis—Taeniopteris mucronata 组合和早二叠世晚期三角织羊齿—椭圆斜羽叶 Emplectopteris triangularis—Plagiozamites oblongifolius 组合。     

中国南方龙潭植物群的生态及乐平煤之沉积环境

作者经对海南岛红树林生态环境及红树林泥炭沉积环境的考察，综合研究了前人已有植物化石的解剖特征和红树林植物解剖特征后，认为龙潭植物群是以真政和种子蕨、楔叶纲、科达纲为主，生长在潮间带和潮上带，具有热带雨林和季雨林特征的一类特殊的类红树林植物群。指出二叠纪龙潭植物群中含有多种与现代红树林植物解剖特征类似的植物化石，其古生态环境应类似于海南岛现代红树林植物群的生态环境。依据二叠纪龙潭煤系中乐平煤的地球化学特征及煤层中所含的海相动物化石，佐证了乐平煤为泥炭坪红树林沼泽沉积环境，其煤层具有较高的生烃潜力。     

Benefitting from Geoinformatics: Estimating Floristic Diversity of Warwan Valley in Northwestern Himalaya,India

The Himalaya harbor rich floristic diversity which is of immense scientific interest and socio-economic importance.In this study, floristic diversity of a remote alpine valley has been studied based on information extracted from remotely sensed satellite data along with field surveys undertaken during 2008-2014.Analysis of vegetation information from satellite data revealed that ~75% of the area is covered with natural vegetation which comprises lush green coniferous forests, alpine pastures and alpine scrub lands.With inputs from vegetation information extracted from satellite data, comprehensive field surveys were planned to document the floristic diversity of the region.Analysis of species composition showed a total of 285 plant species,belonging to 191 genera in 60 families.Of these, 250 species are herbs, 14 shrubs, 2 sub-shrubs and 19 trees.The dicotyledons are represented by 240 species, monocotyledons 30, gymnosperms 04, andpteriodophytes 11 species.Asteraceae is the largest family with 35 species.During the present study, 5species(Corydalis cashmeriana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Primula minutissima, Saussurea sacra and Inula orientalis) have been recorded for the first time from this Himalayan region.The study demonstrates the benefits of geo-informatics in floristic studies, particularly the robustness of remotely sensed data in identifying areas with potentially high species richness, which would be otherwise difficult in a complex mountainous terrain using traditional floristic surveys alone.The present study is expected to provide baseline scientific data for cutting edge studies relating to long term ecological research, bioprospecting, possible impacts of changing climate on vegetation and sustainable use of plant resources in this Himalayan region.     

A new member of Sphenopsida,Neolobatannularia gen. nov. from Late Triassic of western Liaoning,China

A new genus Neolobatannularia Sun et Li gen. nov. with the type species Neolobatannularia liaoningensis Sun et Li sp. nov. from the Upper Triassic Yangcaogou Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning, China, is described in this paper. The new taxon is attributed to Equisetales of Sphenopsida based on its branch with internodes, node and leaves borne in whorls on nodes. It is a new member of the Mesozoic Sphenopsida. Although the new taxon shares some morphological characters with the genus Lobatannularia Kawasaki, a genus widely distributed in the Permian Cathaysia flora in East Asia, and the genus Lobatannulariopsis Yang from the Late Triassic of southwestern China, its unique branching pattern is markedly distinguished from the two known genera. Some Triassic known species of Lobatannularia may belong to the present new genus Neolobatannularia.     

施氏獭蛤的生态观察

施氏獭蛤(LutrariasieboldiiReeve)属暖水性贝类,分布于热带—亚热带海区,在我国东海和南海都有。据在广西和海南沿海的调查,它生活在潮下带至水深78m的沙或沙泥底质中。营埋栖生活,深度达21cm。生活海区的水温为8~32℃,盐度11 .50~33 00,pH值8. 2~8 .4,透明度4~7m。食物以底栖硅藻和有机碎屑为主。繁殖期在5~9月。其肉供食用,是较珍贵的食品,可以发展人工增养殖。     

Plant studies in Himachal Pradesh,Western Himalaya: a systematic review

Owing to a predicted rise in temperature, increase in precipitation and the escalating anthropogenic stresses, the Himalayan ecosystems are the most threatened non-polar regions of the world. In the past, there have been racing extinctions and range shifts of several life forms in this region, particularly of the plant species. Therefore, consistent qualitative and quantitative records on botanical baseline data on a regular basis are indispensable. The current communication attempts to provide a detailed account on the current state of knowledge and research gaps in floristic studies of Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya. Based on an extensive review of more than 140 studies in the form of scientific peer reviewed literature on floristics, medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs), rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species and ethno-botany, it is revealed that the number of floristic studies in Himachal Pradesh have surged in the past years but studies pertaining to the lower plants remain meagre. Unfortunately, the remote valleys including micro-watersheds lying in the coldarid regions are relatively less studied in terms of available growing stock and population status of MAPs. Depleting traditional ethno-botanical knowledge has been the major concern and, many threatened MAPs need to be accessed globally following IUCN standards. Thus, documentation of the conservation status of key MAPs, setting aside conservation areas around viable populations of threatened species, developing germplasm banks of the priority MAPs and monitoring the impacts of climate change has been suggested.