山东某地羟-氟磷灰石的研究

羟-氟磷灰石是介于氟磷灰石与羟磷灰石之间的变种。这次在山东枣庄发现的羟氟-磷灰石产在沙沟杂岩体内的同化混染作用形成的岩石中。本文研究了它的产状、物理化学特征及稀土元素模式等,讨论了它的地质意义。     

羟硅铍铈矿氢原子结构位置的测定

羟硅铍铈矿系1976年在我国吉林省某地大型稀有稀土矿床中发现的新矿物。经多次X射线分析表明,它与硅硼钙石为似型矿物,晶体结构基本相同,其化学成分却与国内外同类矿物有较大差异,经计算该矿物分子式为: 简化后为(Ce,Y)_2Be_2Si_2O_8(OH)_2称为羟硅铍铈矿。     

硅酸盐-磷酸盐平衡反应对熔体中磷制约实验

目前，根据磷灰石溶解度模型、P在碱性长石与熔体相间的分配以及黑云母、锰铝榴石、透锂长石与对应的磷酸盐（包括斜磷锰铁矿、磷铝锂石-羟磷锂铝石）的平衡研究，已对过铝质岩浆中P的归宿进行了有效的平衡。但未见锰铝榴石-磷灰石的平衡研究。由于锰铝榴石-磷灰石矿物共生组合是花岗岩和LET型伟晶岩中最常见的矿物组合，直到岩浆演化晚期才出现锂辉石-磷铝锂石-羟磷锂铝石的组合。为此，本文实验研究锰铝榴石-磷灰石平衡反应，对过铝质岩浆体系中P溶解度起控制作用。     

新矿物（2001．1-2001．12）

本文以表格的形式列出了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准、并于2001年度在各国刊物上正式发表的35种新矿物,其中硅酸盐包括水硅钡石、羟氟碳硅钛铁钡钠石、氯碳硅铁钡石、硅铁锶镧钠石、氯碳硅钡石、钾菱沸石、水硅锆钠石、斜方硅钠钡钛镧石、铈鲍利雅科夫矿、硅锆钛锶石、锶杆沸石、钒电气石;砷酸盐包括砷钠铜石、羟砷铅钴石、羟硅砷铁石、羟砷铁铜钙石、羟砷钙镍石、赛羟砷铜石;碳酸盐包括单斜羟碳汞石、羟碳铀石;硫酸盐包括羟硼钙矾石、铊明矾、斜方钒矾;硼酸盐包括氯硼锶钙石、硼铯铝铍石;钒酸盐包括水镁钒石;草酸盐包括水氯草酸钙石;磷酸盐包括羟碳磷铝钙石;硝酸盐包括单斜铜硝石;硫化物包括密硫铑矿、硫钙水铬矿;硫盐包括硫铋铜铅矿;氢氧化物包括羟铁镁锑锌矿、羟氯铬镁石;单质互化物包括副斜方砷。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。     

磷灰石结构中[SO_4]、[SiO_4]四面体的喇曼谱学特点

磷灰石是重要的生物材料矿物。天然磷石晶体结构中［ＰＯ４］３－能广泛地被［ＳｉＯ４］、［ＳＯ４］类质同象取代,形成含硅硫磷灰石以至硅硫磷灰石［１］。据报道,在合成羟磷灰石中引入部分Ｓ、Ｓｉ离子将提高其抗蚀性能,因此［ＳｉＯ４］与［ＳＯ４］对［ＰＯ４］的四面体替换是磷灰石晶体化学研究的重要内容［２～４］。振动光谱（包括喇曼与红外光谱）是研究晶体结构络阴离子行为的主要手段之一。对磷灰石中磷氧四面体振动谱学特点的研究,无论是理论计算还是实验结果均已十分成熟［５,６］,但对其结构中硫氧、硅氧四面体的喇曼光…     

江苏青龙山磷灰石中出溶体的初步研究

最近的研究证实，在大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的多硅白云母榴辉岩和超基性岩中的磷灰石矿物内普遍发育有针柱状出溶晶体，初步研究证明这些出溶晶体多为各种硫化物：如黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。本文重点研究苏鲁青龙山地区的多硅白云母榴辉岩和退变榴辉岩中磷灰石内的出溶晶体，通过扫描电镜、电子探针和X-光能谱的线扫描分析，确认这些出溶晶体是铜的硫化物，并根据无标样定量的分析结果初步推测有可能是CuS2晶体。目前已知的CuS2晶体都是在高温高压（T=700-1000℃和P=4．5-5．0GPa）条件下人工合成的。这样的温压条件与青龙山榴辉岩的超高压变质条件是吻合的。在磷灰石中能保存超高压的硫化物，可能是由于磷灰石自身的稳定性和化学惰性。因此推测在超高压变质作用中，磷灰石晶体中易于保存硫化物出溶体与石榴石和绿辉石中易于保存柯石英和金刚石的作用相类似。     

含方霜晶石的羟硅铝石-地开石粘土脉——一种新型的低温热液蚀变岩脉

铁锂云母钠长花岗岩中发现了新型的低温热液蚀变产物——含方霜晶石的羟硅铝石-地开石粘土脉。描述了粘土脉的地质背景、岩石学特征,以及方霜晶石、羟硅铝石的矿物学特征。讨论了这一发现的岩石学和矿物学的意义。     

苏鲁三清阁榴辉岩中柯石英的发现及其地质意义探讨

在苏鲁三清阁多硅白云母榴辉岩中发现了柯石英包体,该榴辉岩与超高压含菱镁矿大理岩共生。石榴石中存在的柯石英残晶和多晶石英假相包体表明榴辉岩的变质压力超过2.8 GPa。运用石榴石–单斜辉石Fe2+–Mg温度计和多硅白云母压力计估算结果表明,矿物核部的平衡压力为3.1～3.5 GPa（T ＝650～689℃）,边部的平衡压力为2.9~3.3 GPa（T＝652～671℃）。与石榴石伴生的绿辉石普遍发育石英出溶结构。在磷灰石中观察到金属硫化物出溶体。磷灰石富含OH,F,Cl和S等挥发份,这些挥发性组分的深循环对地壳和地幔之间的相互作用研究具有重要意义。通过磷灰石,苏鲁—大别俯冲带能够将大量（～80 000 Mt）OH,F和Cl携带到地幔深处。     

CCSD主孔榴辉岩中磷灰石微区微量元素和Sr同位素组成研究

本文利用LA-ICP-MS和LA-MC-ICP-MS对CCSD-MH中一件强退变多硅白云母榴辉岩中一粗粒(～2mm×6.5mm)磷灰石进行了详细的微区微量元素和Sr同位素组成研究。线扫描剖面分析和单点分析结果共同表明该磷灰石颗粒的微量元素和Sr同位素组成不均一。总体上Na、Sr、LREE、MREE、U、Th和Pb等元素具有从中心到两侧含量逐渐降低的特征。磷灰石主体部分HREE含量均一,但和石榴石紧密相邻的边部(～400μm)HREE显著富集。Na、Sr、LREE和MREE等元素在个别区域明显具有先升高、然后再降低的变化规律。磷灰石最边部(<200μm)相对于核部区域显著高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值。结合磷灰石中微量元素分配和扩散行为的实验研究以及磷灰石晶体化学特征,磷灰石微量元素组成变化应主要记录了磷灰石复杂的生长过程。Sr、LREE和MREE从核部到边部逐渐降低的总体特征指示磷灰石从中心向两侧的生长过程,而局部出现的次级先升高—再降低的变化规律则反映了磷灰石经历的多次溶解和再生长作用。HREE含量均一的磷灰石主体形成于石榴石稳定存在的超高压变质作用阶段。和石榴石紧密相邻的磷灰石边部显著富集HREE的特征则是折返过程中短时增温作用导致石榴石释放HREE和/或退变质阶段石榴石分解释放HREE共同作用的结果。磷灰石最边部显著高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr的特征则记录了角闪岩相退变质阶段多硅白云母的分解作用。     

邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中磷灰石的成因矿物学研究

氧逸度为有效的氧分压,是实验岩石学中重要的研究课题,岩浆的氧逸度是继温度、压力、浓度等影响成岩成矿过程的关键性物理化学参数。本文利用磷灰石的氧逸度计,对邯邢地区六大主要岩体的岩浆氧逸度进行了计算。研究结果显示,样品中的磷灰石主要为羟-氟磷灰石,磷灰石的形态、成分和结构特征指示其为岩浆成因。磷灰石中的Mn元素在晶格中有两种方式,多以Mn3＋和Mn5＋的方式进入晶格。磷灰石氧逸度计计算的logfo2为-12.31~-9.75,均值-11.02。参考与磷灰石共生角闪石的形成温度,认为邯邢地区岩浆岩普遍具有较高的氧逸度。根据磷灰石氧逸度值与矿床规模的填图结果,认为并非氧逸度越高越有利于邯邢式铁矿的形成。结合矿物学填图等值线闭合的趋势,进而推断邯邢地区中部的符山和武安岩体深部可能仍存在较好的找矿远景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)