东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩成因及含盐地层层序划分

东濮凹陷沙三段高水位期沉积深灰色、暗色泥岩与少量重力流砂体，低水位期沉积盐岩、膏岩、低位三角洲与扇三角洲，从而形成纵向上深湖泥岩与蒸发岩、低位砂岩的频繁互层沉积。根据岩心资料、盐岩沉积序列特点及沙三段沉积期古气候和古环境特点，认为盐岩为浅水蒸发成因。深水相泥岩与浅水成因的盐岩频繁互层表明沙三段沉积期湖平面变化频繁。基于盐韵律特征划分准层序的方法，使得层序地层划分更为符合东濮凹陷含盐地层的实际情况。     

扇三角洲层序地层特征及其油气汇聚规律——以东营凹陷胜北断层下降盘坨76块为例

以东营凹陷胜北断层下降盘坨76块沙四上亚段扇三角洲沉积体为例,通过地质、地震、测井等资料对其层序地层单元进行了精确划分对比,将坨76块沙四上亚段扇三角洲沉积体共划分为4个准层序,18个层组,29个单层,并研究了各准层序及其内部层组特征及分布规律.研究发现在扇三角洲沉积体系中准层序及层组边界在地层记录中的表现形式随地理位...     

渤海海域歧南断阶带古近系沉积体系及控制因素

在层序地层研究基础上,对歧南断阶带古近系砂分散体系与沉积体系构成及其主控因素进行分析。研究结果表明:歧南断阶带古近系沙三段至东营组地层可划分为2个二级层序和8个三级层序;可划分埕子口、沙垒田、沙中低凸起和燕山4个方向的物源体系;沉积体系演化经历了初始断陷期、主断陷期和断陷晚期3个阶段,发育辫状河三角洲、三角洲、扇三角洲、湖底扇等沉积体系类型;古地貌控制了砂体平面分布,其中古构造格架控制着相带分布,构造转换带控制着古水系,断裂坡折控制着砂体发育部位;复合基准面旋回控制着砂体垂向分布。预测海一断层附近至歧口17-1西侧坡折带和海四断层南侧三级台阶区是主要的潜力区。     

波动分析约束下的原型盆地剥蚀量恢复——以惠民凹陷为例

为准确的恢复原型盆地剥蚀量，提出在波动分析法约束下，恢复原型盆地剥蚀量的新思路。即通过波动分析法界定剥蚀的区域和厚度范围，再精确计算原型盆地剥蚀量。并以惠民凹陷新生代为例，首先运用波动分析原理，得出反映凹陷形成与发展的主周期波为57，27和7．5Ma，根据7．5Ma的周期波反映凹陷内不同沉积期间断面的剥蚀情况，来确定区域的剥蚀范围。然后根据惠民凹陷的地质特点及资料情况，采用沉积速率法、镜质体反射率差值法、地层对比法等来恢复局部地层的剥蚀量。在波动分析法的约束下，参考地质沉积史和构造演化分析的结果，综合加权平均得到最终的地层剥蚀厚度，以确保计算结果精确。研究结果表明：受波动旋回的影响，沙四段和孔店组地层普遍存在剥蚀，剥蚀厚度较大的区域主要集中在凹陷边缘或靠近隆起区，剥蚀量最小的区域是阳信洼陷，说明该区沙四上亚段和孔二段烃源岩没有遭受破坏，具有较大的勘探潜力。     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷流二段沉积体系及沉积模式

北部湾盆地北部涠西南凹陷多口钻井已获得高产油气流系列突破，其主力烃源岩层系为始新统流沙港组二段（流二段），但紧邻南侧的海中凹陷目前暂无商业油气发现。流二段既发育有深湖-半深湖相的烃源岩，同时在主力烃源岩段也发育有湖底扇储层，因此，研究海中凹陷潜在生烃层系（烃源岩、湖底扇储层）沉积体系发育规律对今后勘探开发具有指导意义。以高精度三维地震资料及测井资料为基础，通过岩芯相、测井相、地震相、地震属性的综合分析，探讨流二段沉积体系发育规律，建立沉积模式。研究表明：流二段主要发育滨浅湖、深湖-半深湖、湖底扇及辫状河三角洲4种沉积体系类型；在北陡南缓的半地堑构造样式控制下，北部陡坡带及洼槽带发育深湖-半深湖相，同时接受北部、东部2个物源方向的供源，分别在西洼、东洼发育湖底扇相，南部缓坡带发育滨浅湖及辫状河三角洲相。海中凹陷流二段好烃源岩主要发育在初始湖泛面层序位置（ts），湖底扇主要发育在湖泊扩张体系域内（TST），反映了在断陷湖盆背景下，构造沉降因素控制烃源岩发育程度强于湖平面变化因素。研究可为半地堑型断陷湖盆深湖-半深湖相烃源岩与湖底扇储层发育层序位置及共生模式的建立提供参考。     

陆相断陷盆地沉积可容空间变化与油气汇聚体系关系探讨

陆相断陷盆地的沉积可容空间变化规律控制着盆地的层序地层充填样式和生储盖发育规律,根据目前我国陆相断陷盆地的层序地层响应特征,将沉积可容空间的变化频率分为低频和高频两种类型。油气汇聚体系是陆相断陷盆地油气勘探的研究对象,根据油气聚集规模将其划分为大型、中型和小型等三种规模类型。具备不同层序地层充填样式的陆相断陷盆地一般发育不同规模类型的油气汇聚体系和相应的空间展布规律：低频率沉积可容空间变化的陆相断陷盆地可以发育大型、中型规模的油气汇聚体系;高频率沉积可容空间变化的陆相断陷盆地一般发育中型或者小型规模的油气汇聚体系,大型规模的油气汇聚体系欠发育。我国陆区陆相断陷盆地中的东营凹陷是低频率沉积可容空间变化的典型代表,东濮凹陷是高频率沉积可容变化的典型代表;海区陆相断陷盆地中的涠西南凹陷属于低频率可容空间变化的类型,海中凹陷属于较高频率可容空间变化的类型。     

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷古近系沉积体系演化及物源分析

综合运用地质、测井、地震及分析化验等资料,对渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷古近系沉积体系进行了较深入的研究,研究表明渤中凹陷古近系的沉积体系主要受构造升降和湖平面变化的控制,经历了3期裂陷和湖侵,发育5套沉积体系,其中沙河街组沉积时期为裂陷期,以扇三角洲、湖底扇沉积为主,并发育特征的滩坝及浅水台地相沉积;东营组沉积时期为湖侵期,主要发育大型湖泊三角洲沉积,并逐渐向辫状河相过渡。构造及沉积体系分析认为,沙三段沉积时期物源丰富,主要来自石臼坨凸起、渤南和庙西凸起,沙一、二段沉积时期物源有限,东三沉积期物源主要来自石臼坨和沙东南凸起,东二沉积期大面积的湖侵使得本区处于浅湖-半深湖环境,凹陷周边大量古水系将石臼坨凸起、沙垒田凸起的物源带入凹陷中沉积,使得大型三角洲叠覆体广泛发育。     

东海某凹陷断陷期重要不整合面特征及其对沉积演化的控制

以东海某凹陷二维地震、三维地震及钻测井等资料为基础,开展控凹断层活动定量分析,并且探讨了断陷期重要不整合面特征及其对沉积演化的控制作用。研究表明,东海某凹陷断陷沉积时期,断裂活动从剧烈到平静,地形高差从大到小,形成了3个重要不整合面:断陷幕次界面T40和T34,断陷―断坳转换面T32。由此,将断陷期划分为3期断陷幕和1期断坳幕:断陷Ⅰ幕(古新统)为构造启动期,其受控于三潭断裂和白堤断裂,分布范围局限,发育近源沉积体系;断陷Ⅱ幕(始新统宝石组)和断陷Ⅲ幕(始新统平湖组下段)为强烈断陷期,地层被断层错断严重,水深较大,西部缓坡带以受潮汐影响的三角洲、潮坪沉积为主,东部陡坡带以扇三角洲沉积为主,受断陷格局限制,扇三角洲以快速沉积、堆积厚度大、沉积范围小、相变快为主要特征;断坳幕(始新统平湖组中上段)为断陷萎缩期,地层开始向坳陷沉积转换,盆地与南部海域沟通变强且水深变浅,凹陷内部以平行岸线的潮流作用为主,发育大规模的非对称性三角洲和陆架潮汐砂脊等,储层富集,可作为有利勘探目标。此外,断陷幕发育扇三角洲等近源沉积,是岩性油气藏的有利发育区,也为深层油气勘探提供了方向。     

幕式裂陷控洼背景下的烃源岩分布及岩浆改造——以珠一坳陷番禺4洼为例

经历裂陷I幕a期强烈裂陷,a期末北部的抬升和岩浆活动,至裂陷I幕b期北洼萎缩、南洼扩大、新形成北西洼,洼陷整体走向从NE-SW转变为NEE-SSW,珠琼运动II幕整体接受抬升剥蚀。在裂陷I幕演化过程中,半深湖-深湖亚相自下而上呈现自NE向SW迁移特征。上文昌组烃源岩面积较大,但仅南部厚度较大,本身湖相有机质含量较高;下文昌组半深湖-深湖亚相烃源岩面积相对较小,北部在I幕a期末被剥蚀后厚度仍较大,南部厚度较小,岩浆活动从某种程度上起到了促进下文昌组有机质成熟、加速成烃的作用。上、下文昌组半深湖-深湖亚相烃源岩具有差异分布的特征,下文昌组的生烃强度优于上文昌组。     

歧口凹陷沙河街组海陆沉积差异及其成藏意义

立足"大歧口"凹陷,基于海、陆资料,在统一地层格架的基础上对沙河街组的沉积特征进行了整体研究,并对比了海、陆砂体发育的差异性,探讨了砂体发育差异性对海、陆油气成藏的影响。研究认为,歧口凹陷沙三段富砂沉积体系类型以扇三角洲为主,其次为辫状三角洲;沙二段以辫状三角洲为主,其次为扇三角洲和远岸水下扇。西侧中石油矿区主要受北、西两大盆外物源的影响,沙河街组砂体延伸远、规模大;东侧中海油矿区主要受南、东2个较小盆内物源影响,砂体延伸较近,规模较小。沙河街组砂体发育的差异性使得歧口主凹向海、陆两侧的汇烃比例约为1∶2,这也是海、陆目前油气发现悬殊的主要原因之一,但海域仍然有较大的勘探潜力,沙西南裙边带沙河街组是中海油下一步在歧口凹陷勘探的有利方向。     

北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近纪原型结构分析

北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近纪受多期次构造运动的影响,后期改造强烈.从现今构造格局出发,通过剥蚀量恢复并结合断裂活动特征,进行了北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近纪原型结构重建及成凹机制探讨.认为北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近系沉积沉降中心在时空上呈现由西向东和由北向南的迁移特征;始新世流沙港组沉积时期涠西南凹陷D次凹与海中凹陷的西洼为同一沉积单元;断裂和隆起联合控制了洼陷的基本形态,特别是涠西南低凸起的活动对北部坳陷古近纪统一湖盆的分割起关键作用.     

盆山沉积耦合原理在定量恢复造山带隆升剥蚀过程中的应用

造山带的隆升剥蚀过程研究一直是地学界研究的热点和难点,而与造山带毗邻的沉积盆地则真实地记录了造山带隆升剥蚀演化历史。因此,通过对沉积盆地中沉积物的研究可以反演山地隆升剥蚀历史。基于这种思路,介绍了两种定量恢复造山带隆升剥蚀的方法,即裂变径迹热年代学方法和质量平衡法。前者利用样品碎屑单颗粒的裂变径迹年龄的统计分析确定其源区,并量化源区的抬升剥露及热演化历史,但要求对样品的沉积时代有很好的年代学控制,沉积后样品没有遭受热重置。后者则假定在一定时间间隔内,盆山耦合系统中物源区的地形变化总和与沉积区的碎屑沉积质量总和成正比,即隆升过程中产生侵蚀总量与毗邻盆地的沉积总量之间质量守恒,从而通过研究盆地中相应时间段的沉积总量、沉积速度来定量恢复古地形,反演造山带的演化,但盆山系统的界定以及地层定年的精度直接影响到恢复造山带隆升剥蚀过程的可靠性。     

Morpho-tectonic evolution of the Marmara Sea inferred from multi-beam bathymetric and seismic data

In an initial stage, the Sea of Marmara developed as a graben and, in due course, considerable volumes of sediments were deposited in this basin. Before 200 ka, a new fault (New Marmara Fault) cutting through the whole basin developed, which postdated large sub-marine land sliding in the western part of the basin. This mass movement created the Western Ridge. The initiation of this strike-slip fault indicates that the extensional stress regime was replaced by a new, shearing stress field. In the eastern part of the Marmara Basin, the New Marmara Fault consists of two branches. The northern one replaces the normal faulting at the bottom of the northeastern slope of the basin. As a result, this slope has been rejuvenated. The southern branch is located along the central axis of the basin, forming the major extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone within the region. Two restraining bends were formed because of the counterclockwise rotation of that part of the Anatolian Block. This resulted the uplifting of the Eastern Ridge and the formation of the positive flower structure within the Tekirdag Basin. The establishment of the compressional regime around the Sea of Marmara also resulted in the northwest–southeast shortening of the initial Marmara Basin.     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部层序地层特征及沉积体系

以层序地层学为理论指导,通过对地震、钻井、测井及古生物等资料的研究,建立了北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部的层序格架。研究区的中生界可分为1个一级层序、2个二级层序、5个三级层序,在此层序格架内进行了沉积相划分及沉积体系研究,厘定了扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、浊积扇和湖泊沉积等4种沉积体系。断陷早期,JSQ1的西部与东部分别发育了中型的扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲沉积体系;断陷中期,西部的扇三角洲沉积体系逐步扩展并在其前端多发育小型浊积扇,东部的辫状河三角洲沉积体系亦持续扩张且在JSQ4沉积期规模达到最大;断陷晚期,KSQ1内仅发育盆缘的小型扇体和滨浅湖相沉积,东部、南部隆起区未接受沉积或沉积较薄并剥蚀殆尽。沉积体系的平面展布和纵向演化受古构造与古地貌的控制。     

南黄海盆地中部隆起的形成与演化

南黄海盆地是在前震旦系克拉通基础上发育的中、古生界海相与中、新生界陆相多旋回叠合盆地。通过地震资料解释,结合邻区钻井与区域地质资料,对南黄海盆地中部隆起中、古生代地层及其形成演化进行了研究,结果表明,南黄海盆地中部隆起沉积了较全的中、古生界海相地层,发育第四系—新近系、中—下三叠统青龙组、上二叠统、下二叠统—上泥盆统、中—下志留统,奥陶系—震旦系和前震旦系变质岩系等7套地震地质层序;主要经历了前震旦纪基底形成、震旦纪—早古生代克拉通发育、晚古生代—中三叠世稳定台地—陆内裂陷、晚三叠世—古近纪形成与抬升剥蚀及新近纪-第四纪坳陷沉降5个阶段。     

Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphology of gravity-flow channels in a rift basin: Oligocene Shahejie Formation,Qinan Slope,Huanghua Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,China

Deep-water gravity-flow sandstones are important hydrocarbon exploration and production targets in the Bohai Bay Basin, a Paleogene intra-continental rift basin in eastern China. In this paper, the seismic-sedimentology techniques are used to characterize, in plan view, the temporal and spatial evolution of a gravity-flow-channel complex of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es) on the Qinan faulted-monoslope (Qinan Slope), Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that two or three gravity-flow channels, 9–12 km long and 0.5–2 km wide, were successively developed in later Es (Es1z–Es1s). The channels initially experienced westward migration and then shifted eastward. The corresponding wireline logs of the channel-fill sequences mainly present blocky-shaped or bell-like configurations, whereas their seismic profile features are characterized by strong amplitude reflections, such as U-shaped, plate-like, spindle-shaped and lenticular configurations.The syndepositional activity of three normal faults, i.e., the Nandagang Fault to the northwest, the Zhangbei Fault to the northeast and the Zhaobei Fault to the east led to gradient changes of the Qinan Slope, which have controlled the plan morphology (width, curvature, and bifurcation) of the gravity-flow channels. In the medium-late period of Es1z, triggered by intensive faulting on the three faults, the gradient of the Qinan Slope was steepened abruptly, resulting in an increase of flow velocity and erosion amplitude to underlying deposits. As a result, channels exhibiting narrow and straight configurations in plan view were formed. During the stage of early Es1z and Es1s, tectonic activity intensity was relatively low and the gradient of the Qinan Slope was gentle, so channels with great width and curvature were bifurcated and merged downstream.Comparison of the faulting amplitude of the three syndepositional faults suggests that the Nandagang and Zhaobei faults were inversely strengthened in the Es1z and Es1s. The Nandagang Fault to the west was found to be more active than the Zhaobei Fault to the east in the Es1z stage. This condition was reversed in Es1s. For that reason, the channels migrated to the west in the Es1z stage and then went back to the east during Es1s.Core analysis shows that the channel fills are mainly composed of sandy-debrites, slumps and turbidites. Among them, sandy debrites dominate deposition in terms of reservoir volume and hydrocarbon potential. These units primarily consist of sandstones and gravel-bearing sandstones, with bed thicknesses ranging from 10 to 40 m, an average porosity of 11% and a permeability of 25 mD. Being mostly encased in organic-rich dark mudstones, these sandy debrites are significant hydrocarbon exploration targets.The results of this study are not only useful to the hydrocarbon exploration and development planning for the Qinan Slope, but also helpful when considering other faulted-depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin and other intra-continent rifted basins around the world, particularly in terms of gravity-flow hydrocarbon exploration and research.     

北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造——沉积特征及其演化

在二维和三维地震资料解释基础上,对北部湾盆地北部坳陷地层分布及断裂系统进行了研究,建立了坳陷断裂分布格局及构造样式;结合地层和钻井资料分析了断裂活动期次和特征,揭示古近纪坳陷构造演化经历了三期幕式断陷活动：古新世,初期拉张裂陷阶段,形成狭小的半地堑;始新世早中期,第二期强烈拉张裂陷阶段,形成统一的湖盆,发育两个沉积中心;渐新世,断坳转换期,涠西南低凸起和3号断裂强烈活动,沉积中心迁移至海中凹陷.这为进一步油气勘探工作提供了有价值的参考.     

Structural patterns of the Lake Erçek Basin,eastern Anatolia (Turkey): evidence from single-channel seismic interpretation

This study presents an analysis of the single-channel high-resolution shallow seismic reflection data from Lake Erçek, eastern Anatolia, to provide key information on the deformational elements, on the fault patterns and on the overall tectonic structure of the Lake Erçek Basin. High-resolution seismic data reveal major structural and deformational features, including N–S trending normal faults and W–E trending reverse faults bounding the Lake Erçek Basin, basement highs and folded structures along the marginal sections of the lake. The N–S trending normal faults asymmetrically control the steep western margin and the gentle eastern deltaic section, while the W–E trending reverse faults appear at the northern and southern margins. The N–S trending normal faults, half-graben structure, and the gradual thickening of sediments in the Erçek Basin toward the fault scarps strongly suggest an extensional tectonic regime resulting from an N–S compression. The Erçek Basin is an extension-controlled depocenter; it is a relatively undeformed and flat-lying deep Basin, forming a typical example of the half-graben structure. The N–S trending normal faults appear to be currently active and control the lake center and the E-delta section, resulting in subsidence in the lake floor. In the N- and S-margins of the lake, there is evidence of folding, faulting and accompanying block uplifting, suggesting a significant N–S compressional regime that results in the reverse faulting and basement highs along the marginal sections. The folding and faulting caused strong uplift of the basement blocks in the N- and S- margins, subsequently exposing the shelf and slope areas. The exposed areas are evident in the erosional unconformity of the surface of the basement highs and thinned sediments. The tilted basement strata and subsequent erosion over the basement block highs suggest prominent structural inversion, probably long before the formation of the lake. New high-resolution seismic data reveal the fault patterns and structural lineaments of the Lake Erçek and provide strong evidence for an ongoing extension and subsidence. The present study provides new structural insights that will support future tectonic and sedimentary studies and the development of strategies related to active earthquake faults and major seismic events in the region of Lake Erçek.     

宽扎盆地油气地质特征

安哥拉宽扎盆地是典型被动大陆边缘盆地,完整经历了前裂谷阶段、裂谷阶段、过渡阶段及漂移阶段等4个构造演化阶段,形成了盐下、盐间和盐上3套沉积层序,并各自形成含油气系统。在对宽扎盆地构造演化、沉积特征及油气成藏条件进行分析后认为:宽扎盆地盐下、盐间和盐上3套沉积层序的油气成藏主控因素分别为拉伸断陷、盐隆起及盐构造运动;宽扎盆地盐下有利勘探区为盆地东部白垩系地堑构造区,盐间有利勘探区为盆地中东部盐隆发育部位,盐上有利勘探区为盆地东部古近系和新近系地堑发育部位;宽扎盆地今后勘探工作重点应放在盆地东部白垩系地堑构造区的盐下碳酸盐岩储层目标。     

The link between tectonics and sedimentation in asymmetric extensional basins: Inferences from the study of the Sarajevo-Zenica Basin

The coupled tectonic and depositional history of extensional basins is usually described in terms of stratigraphic sequences linked with the activity of normal faults. This depositional-kinematic interplay is less understood in basins bounded by major extensional detachments or normal fault systems associated with significant exhumation of footwalls. Of particular interest is the link between tectonics and sedimentation during the migration of normal faulting in time and space across the basin. One area where such coupled depositional-kinematic history can be optimally studied is the Late Oligocene - Miocene Sarajevo-Zenica Basin, located in the Dinarides Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This intra-montane basin recorded Oligocene – Pliocene sedimentation in an endemic and isolated lake environment. We use field kinematic and sedimentological mapping in outcrops correlated with existing local and regional studies to derive a high-resolution evolutionary model of the basin. The novel results demonstrate a close correlation between moments of normal faulting and high-order sedimentological cycles, while the overall extensional basin was filled by a largely uni-directional sediment supply from the neighbouring mountain chain. The migration in time and space of listric NE-dipping normal faults was associated with a gradual shift of the sedimentological environment. Transgressive-regressive cycles reflect sequential displacements on normal faults and their footwall exhumation, defining a new sedimentological model for such basins. This Early - Middle Miocene extension affected the central part of the Dinarides and was associated with the larger opening of the neighbouring Pannonian Basin. The extension was preceded and followed by two phases of contraction. The Oligocene - Early Miocene thrusting took place during the final stages of the Dinarides collision, while the post-Middle Miocene contraction is correlated with the regional indentation of the Adriatic continental unit. This latter phase inverted the extensional basin by reactivating the inherited basal listric detachment.