扬子浅滩东南边缘海底底形特征及成因

利用SM2000多波束探测系统对扬子浅滩东南边缘进行高精度探测,对研究区海底底形特征进行分析并对其成因进行探讨,结果表明:研究区-50 m水深附近分布3条东西向伸展的潮流沙脊,脊高在10 m左右,宽约10 km,属于冰消期11~9 kaBP残留的滨岸砂体,沙脊表面普遍分布冲蚀沟、坎、坑等次一级冲蚀底形,沟深1 m左右,似乎平行排列,NNW—SSE向伸展,系现代潮、浪流冲刷侵蚀的微地貌,说明3条残留潮流沙脊目前正处于侵蚀状态。     

美国东岸陆架沙脊沉积

美国东岸,自纽约长岛经马里兰、新泽西直至弗罗里达基本属于沙坝渴湖岸,岸外的内、外陆架上分布一系列水下沙脊及脊间沙带、沙丘和沙波等次一级底形。按新泽西岸外20-80m水深处35个沙脊的统计,脊长约2～11km,宽约1～4km,长宽比界于2：1～3：1之间,与世界典型沙脊长宽比40：1比较,本区沙脊属于短轴浪控型,脊高约1～3m,或者更高。向NE10°～30°伸展,两坡不对称,上游坡平缓,下游坡较陡,约2．5°～7．0°。按34-48m水深处的“黄金沙脊”上的20余钻孔岩心分析和HC年龄测试,划分沙脊自下而上3层地层：9～11kaBP以前的平原陆相层;9—5kaBP的下部沙脊沙层;5kaBP以来的上部沙脊沙层。上部沙脊层不断向下游SE侧超越迁移,局部定位观测的沙脊迁移率为1～2m／a。     

北部湾东侧莺东沙脊及其在管线工程中的负面作用

北部湾东侧莺东潮流沙脊是整个琼西南沙脊群之一,沙脊从感恩角岸外发育最好,至东方岸外已趋缓和。根据海底特征,由海向岸分为深水平坦段、沙波沙脊段和近岸段共3个区段。沙波沙脊区段主要分布4条沙脊,这些沙脊大都呈NS或NW—SE走向,与主水流平行,呈不甚规则的长条状,长约45km,宽度较大。脊槽高差约20~30m,脊顶水深5~8m,沙脊槽向不对称,向海侧缓,向陆侧陡。成因上属于全新世低海面形成的连滨沙脊,受现代浪流修蚀改造而成。这些沙脊的基础部分基本稳定,只在暴风浪或强潮流情况下表面活动性泥沙做少量迁移。2003年铺设的东方1-1气田输气管线路由经过北部湾莺东沙脊。通过对中国海洋大学东方1-1海底管线多年调查资料分析认为,本区沙波沙脊海底管线被严重掏空,已发现的130余掏空悬跨点平均长达33m,深度最大可达1m。管线掏空可归因于底形特征动态变化和管线改变海底水动力环境的综合作用。     

东海Zk23孔的古沙脊沉积环境

根据东海陆架Zk23孔岩心分析资料,进行了沉积地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学分析,确定了该钻孔中段细砂层为埋藏古长江河口沙脊沉积,阐明了该孔附近海区冰消期前后和冰后期的沉积历史。约15kaBP以前,海平面上升较快,沉积了下层的河口—水下三角洲相地层;15～12kaBP的冰消期期间,海平面波动并稳定于60～80m等深线附近,发育了沙脊地貌;12kaBP以来海平面再度快速上升,至7kaBP水位稳定,直至今日,沉积了沙脊上覆的浅海相粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂地层。     

全新世渤、黄、东海陆架泥沙输运演变过程模拟研究

模拟了全新世 9个特定时期潮流作用下渤、黄、东海陆架上的泥沙输运状况。结果表明 ,东海外陆架梳状古沙脊形成的盛期在 - 80m至 - 52m海面期间 ,主要是潮流将侵蚀的海底晚更新世物质与河流的入海泥沙向东南方向输运而形成 ;- 52m海面之后 ,该古沙脊逐渐停止发育。扬子浅滩形成于 - 52m海面之后 ,至 - 30m海面时已发育比较成熟 ,它主要是旋转流将海底晚更新世物质与全新世河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质呈扇形向外簸选掉 ,粗粒物质留在原地而形成。南黄海中部泥在 - 52m海面时已开始形成 ,该泥是细粒物质的汇 ,泥沙来源具有多源性 ,但泥沙来量不足。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席、辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席、海州湾中砂质沉积、南黄海辐射状沙脊以及北黄海西部泥、渤海中央泥、浙闽岸外泥主要形成于全新世最大海侵以来。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席分别是强往复流与旋转流主要侵蚀海底的晚更新世物质而形成。辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席主要是强潮流将老铁山水道中的晚更新世物质带到辽东半岛西侧海域沉积而形成。海州湾中的砂质沉积是潮流将海底晚更新世物质与河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质带往外海、留下粗粒泥沙而形成。南黄海辐射状沙脊是辐射状潮流场改造北来的黄河泥沙与南来的长江泥沙而形成。北黄海西部泥的     

东海Zk23孔的古沙脊沉积环境

根据东海陆架Zk23孔岩心分析资料，进行了沉积地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学分析，确定了该钻孔中段细砂层为埋藏古长江河口沙脊沉积，阐明了该孔附近海区冰消期前后和冰后期的沉积历史。约在15kaB．P以前，海平面上升较快，沉积了下层的河口-水下三角洲相地层；约在15～12kaB．P．的冰消期期间，海平面波动并稳定于60～80m等深线附近，发育了沙脊地貌：约在12kaB．P．以来海平面再度快速上升，至7kaB．P水位稳定，直至今日，沉积了沙脊上覆的浅海相粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂地层。     

东海海底沙脊的结构及沉积环境

东海中南部海底分布广泛的脊槽状也形引起了人们广泛关注，有关文献称之谓全新世海进期的潮流沙脊；但对于沙脊的内部结构及其沉积环境序列、沙脊的活动性等问题，尚无明确结论。根据地震剖面和钻孔柱状资料，对沙脊体的地层结构、沉积环境和沉积时代进行了研究，认为海底沙脊群属于退期三角洲沉积体系，目前已被冰后期海进形成的已改造的陆架席状砂所覆盖，且不存在消脊迁移的迹象。     

扬子浅滩东南海域海底潮流沙脊、沙波特征

利用seabat8101多波束系统对扬子浅滩东南海底地形进行了高精度探测。发现海底呈明显近乎平行排列的条带状起伏,脊谷相间,沙脊大部分呈NW-SE向排列,发育在45~50 m水深范围之内,沙脊横剖面不对称,大部分沙脊西南侧坡度大、东北坡缓。沙脊规模略有差异,沙脊宽度约0.6~9.8 km,沙脊之间间距可达8.9~22.4 km,高度约1.8~13.3 m,研究区内最长可达53 km。部分脊槽过渡区域发育成片链状海底沙波,沙波大致呈NE-SW走向,波高约0.3~1 m,波长1 km左右。研究区中西部有海底礁石孤立地突兀于相对平坦的海底之上,暂定名为扬礁,最浅水深35.9 m,位于30°59'7.4'~31°N,124°36'48.7'~124°37'40'E。扬子浅滩东南海域沙脊是介于活动沙脊和衰亡沙脊之间的准活动沙脊。该研究将为我国海洋开发和海洋经济发展、海洋行政管理以及海洋安全保障提供服务。     

全新世渤、黄、东海陆架泥沙输运演变过程模拟研究

模拟了全新世9个特定时期潮流作用下渤、黄、东海陆架上的泥沙输运状况，结果表明，东海外陆架梳状古沙脊形成的盛期在-80m至-52m海面期间，主要是潮流将侵蚀的海底晚更新世物质与河流的入海泥沙向东南方向输运而形成；-52m海面之后，该古沙脊逐渐停止发育，扬子浅滩形成于-52m海面之后，至-30m海面时已发育比较成熟，它主要是旋转流将海底晚更新世物质与全新工河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质呈扇形向外毛皮选掉，粗粒物质留在原地而形成，南黄海中部泥在-52m海面时已开始形成，该泥是细粒物质的汇，泥沙来源具有多源性但泥沙来量不足，西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席、辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席、海州湾中砂质沉积、南黄海辐射状沙脊以及北黄海西部泥、渤海中央泥、浙漫漫岸外泥主要形成于全新世最大海侵以来，西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席分别是强往复流与旋转流主要侵蚀海底的晚更新世物质而形成，辽东浅滩沙脊与渤澡浅滩沙席主要是强潮流将老铁山水道中的晚更新世物质带到辽东半岛西侧海域沉积而形成，海州湾中的砂质沉积是潮流将海底晚更新世物质与河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质带往外海留下粗粒泥沙而形成，南黄海辐射状沙脊是辐射状潮流场改造北来的黄河泥沙与南来的长江泥沙而形成。北黄海西部泥的物源主要是黄河入海泥沙通过渤海海峡南部向北黄海的扩散分量，该泥非细粒物质的汇，而是处于黄河入海泥沙由渤海向黄海输运的过路地段，渤海中央泥的沉积中心位于其南、北两端，其物源主要为黄河入海泥沙向渤海中部的扩散分量，浙闽岸外泥的物源主为长江南水泥沙与浙闽沿岸来沙，南黄海中部泥、北黄海西部泥、渤海中央泥以及浙闽岸外泥基本与弱潮流区相对应，济州岛西南泥、黄海东部泥的形成最迟始于-30m海面时，长江入海泥沙有为其提供物源的可能，全新世某一特定时期渤、黄、东海陆架不同海区的泥沙输运状况受潮流的强弱、类型以及不对称性等的控制。全新世渤、黄、东海陆架泥沙输运场的演变受控于潮流场的演变。     

冰消期海侵进程中南黄海潮流沙脊的演化模式

南黄海东侧底形资料、浅地层剖面和YSDP-102钻孔揭示了冰消期海侵初期的古潮流沙脊群；南黄海QC2孔上部岩心又揭示了全新世中期的埋藏古潮流沙脊群；8422柱状岩心补充了若干现代南黄海沙脊群-苏北岸外辐射状沙脊群的特征，根据^14C测年、ESR测年及突变事件的分析，获得了不同时期沙脊形成的年代标尺，并获得以下结论：（1）沙脊沉积在层序地层中属上海侵体系域（UTST），其发育与海平面密切相关，最佳发育深度在-20--30m水深范围内，很少有超过-40m者，南黄海沙脊群随着陆架海侵进程自东向西跃迁，沙脊群广泛发育预示海平面的相对稳定或小幅度波动期；海平面急剧上升期实现了沙脊群的跃迁，南黄海沙脊演化可划分为3期；早期（约12-9ka)是据新仙女木期（YD）的海平面波动，以南黄海东侧古潮流沙脊群为代表，中期（约6.3-4ka)包括了中全新世高温期气候突然衰退事件（MHCR）的海平面波动，南黄海中部QC2孔揭露的埋藏潮流沙脊是这一期的代表；晚期为2ka至今的海平面缓慢波动期，以现代苏北岸我辐射沙脊群为代表。（2）潮流沙脊沉积物特征反映了水动力条件的变化，早期沙脊处于强动力作用下，随着海侵范围扩大，形成沙脊的动力条件愈来愈弱。（3）南黄海、东海与北黄海沙脊发育与演化有着相似的历史，因此，南黄海沙脊演化与海平面关系模式适应于整个中国东部陆架区。     

The morphology and evolution of tidal sand bodies in the macrotidal Gulf of Khambhat,western India

Tidal sand bars and tidal sand ridges are extensively developed in the macrotidal Gulf of Khambhat, offshore western India. The inner and outer regions of the gulf are characterised by the development distinct tidal sand bodies with discrete geometries and dimensions. The outer gulf ridges are long, narrow, curvilinear and several metres high (∼20 m). They are asymmetric in cross-section and migratory in nature, forming ‘ribbon’ like sand bodies separated by tidal channels. Active dunes on these ridges indicate the presence of sand and their orientation parallel to palaeo-shorelines supports a tidal origin. In contrast to the outer gulf tidal sand ridges, sand bars associated with macrotidal estuaries flanking the Gulf of Khambhat typically have an elongate to diamond shape and are only hundreds of metres in width and a few kilometres length. These tidal sand bars occur in the estuary mouths and within the tidally influenced fluvial reaches of the rivers flowing into the gulf. The height of these sand bars is in the range ∼1–3 m. Due to high tidal ranges and bi-directional flow the sand bars do not develop significant height and are formed between the mutually evasive ebb and flow channels. Their bi-directional foresets and the presence of abundant mud drapes associated with the dunes within in-channel sand bars indicate a tidal origin.The Gulf of Khambhat acquired the present configuration in the last few thousand years since the Pleistocene sea-level lowstand (last glacial maximum, ∼18 ka) when the entire continental shelf was subaerially exposed and rivers down-cut into the coastal plain. With increasing sea-level rise, the exposed shelf was drowned, flooding parts of the Modern western Indian peninsula, and large tidal sand ridges formed in the outer gulf. After the fall of sea-level at 2 ka the gulf acquired the Modern configuration with multiple estuaries on both coastlines, rivers supplied the embayment with sandy sediment, and tidal sand bars formed in the Modern estuaries.Quantitative data gathered from the Modern Gulf of Khambhat indicates that for the P50 case, a vertical drill hole will encounter tidal sand bodies (ridges and bars combined) of approximate dimensions 1700 m long, 470 m wide and 1.5 m high, with a spacing of 400 m. In subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs, where data is sparse and only limited amount of core is available, this quantitative dataset can be useful to constrain subsurface geocellular models. Also, the overall geometry, distribution and aspect ratio of the tidal sand ridges and tidal sand bars can be used to identify ancient counterparts through seismic geomorphology or in core.     

海南岛西部岸外沙波的高分辨率形态特征

利用SIMRAD-EM3000多波束探测系统和DGPS定位系统,对海南岛东方岸外的沙波沙脊区进行了高精度探测,分析结果表明:从海岸到陆架底形具有明显的分带性,依次出现弱侵蚀底形段、沙波沙脊底形段和平坦底形段。沙波仅发育于沙波沙脊段,介于水深20~50 m之间,沙波形态有二维与三维两种,沙波波高多为0.7~2.5 m,波长20~70 m,沙波指数(L/H)为20~60,对称指数为1~3;沙波沙脊区沉积物的搬运方向有明显的规律性,在沙脊的西侧,沉积物主要向北搬运;在沙脊的东侧,沉积物主要向南搬运;沙波的形成和发育主要受潮流场控制,热带风暴对其有改造作用。     

Can beach dune ridges of the Texas Gulf Coast preserve climate signals?

A study of the evolution of North Padre Island (southern Texas Gulf Coast) dunes was carried out using LIDAR topographic data, dune vibracores through the center of the dunes, and grab samples of shoreface sand at four locations along a cross-shore profile. Grain-size analyses of the vibracores show vertical variations in shoreface sand deposition over decimeter depth intervals. A dune ridge growth model is introduced that describes the dune vertical accretion rate as a function of island progradation and freshwater lens expansion. This model allows indirect dating of the dune core samples based on a known island progradation rate (1?m/year), and height and spacing of the dunes calculated from the topographic data. A sand provenance model is also proposed that links the sand deposition in the dunes with sand sourced from various depths along the shoreface profile, depending on storm activity. We present evidence linking the changes in storm-sand deposition in the dune cores with yearly climatic fluctuations in the Gulf of Mexico associated with landfalling tropical storm activity in the period from 1942?C1965. This record of storm-induced sand variability is negatively correlated with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (Pacific) sea surface temperature variability, and positively correlated with North Atlantic decadal sea surface temperature variability.     

河北昌黎典型海岸沙丘的沉积构造及其发育模式

采用探地雷达探测了昌黎海岸沙丘区典型横向沙脊和新月形沙丘的沉积构造,据此初步揭示了研究区海岸沙丘的沉积序列特征和发育过程。结果表明,昌黎海岸带在2 000 a BP波浪作用下发育滨岸沙坝,沙坝主要以向海向陆缓倾斜的沉积构造为主,现今的风成沉积发育于滨海相沙坝之上。海岸带向海一侧经历了潮上带前丘到横向沙脊的过程,横向沙脊在东北风的作用下主要发育向陆倾斜的高角度交错层理,同时由于向岸合成风力的阶段性变化,这些层理的倾角略有差异,记录了海岸带风沙活动的周期性变化;内侧新月形沙丘由4组倾角不同的层理组成,被较大规模的二级界面分隔,复合新月形沙丘(链)经历了由盾状沙堆到典型新月形沙丘的加积发育并遭受风蚀的过程。     

Morphological characteristics and sand volumes of different coastal dune types in Essaouira Province, Atlantic Morocco

Altogether three coastal dune fields, one located north and two south of the city of Essaouira, Atlantic Morocco, have been investigated to establish the distribution and overall sand volumes of various dune types. The purpose of the study was to characterize and classify the aeolian landforms of the coastal dune belt, to estimate their sand volumes and to assess the effectiveness of coastal dune stabilization measures. The northern dune field is 9 km long and lined by a wide artificial foredune complex fixed by vegetation, fences and branches forming a rectangular grid. Active and ephemeral aklé dunes border the inner backshore, while some intrusive dunes have crossed the foredune belt and are migrating farther inland. The total sand volume of the northern dune belt amounts 13,910,255 m³. The central coastal sector comprises a much smaller dune field located just south of the city. It is only 1.2 km long and, with the exception of intrusive dunes, shows all other dune types. The overall sand volume of the central dune field amounts to about 172,463 m³. The southern dune field is characterized by a narrower foredune belt and overall lower dunes that, in addition, become progressively smaller towards the south. In this sector, embryonic dunes (coppice, shadow dunes), tongue-like and tabular dunes, and sand sheets intrude from the beach, the profile of which has a stepped appearance controlled by irregular outcrops of old aeolianite and beach rock. The total volume of the southern dune field amounts 1,446,389 m³. For the whole study area, i.e. for all three dune fields combined, a sand volume of about 15,529,389 m³ has been estimated. The sand of the dune fields is derived from coastal erosion and especially the Tensift River, which enters the sea at Souira Qedima some 70 km north of Essaouira. After entering the sea, the sand is transported southwards by littoral drift driven by the mainly north-westerly swell climate and the Trade Winds blowing from the NNE. This sand feeds the beaches along the coast, from where it is blown obliquely onshore to generate the dune fields. The maximum sand input occurs in the north, from where it gradually decreases southwards, this being also reflected in the grain size and dune typologies. The study shows that dune stabilization measures have been reasonably effective along most of the coast, with the exception of a large area immediately north of Essaouira where the almost complete destruction of the plant cover has reactivated sand mobility—this may in the future threaten the city.     

An evaluation of flora from coastal sand dunes of India: Rationale for conservation and management

A key component that guarantees stability of coastal sand dunes (CSDs) is vegetation. In this study, the floristic composition and distribution from CSDs of India is reviewed. Analysis revealed a total 338 species of CSD flora, of which 92 species are found to be common to the west and east coasts. The west coast showed a greater diversity than the east coast, accounting for 267 and 163 species respectively. Fabaceae members dominated the flora and 62% of dune species exhibited an herbaceous habit. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) resulted in three groups at 20% similarity. The CSD vegetation appeared to be more influenced by the geological setting and climatology of the region. The higher number of coastal dune species along the west coast is attributed to larger and extensive sandy areas. The CSD flora of India is under constant anthropogenic pressure due to rapid elimination of sand dunes and its associated vegetation. The prevailing Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification does not guarantee the health of sand dune flora. A coastal vegetation conservation policy that ensures a succession of species in the form of a three layered biozone is proposed as a long term sustainable option to maintain biodiversity of coastal flora.     

Marine Sand Resources Offshore Israel

Abstract

The continental margin of northern Sinai and Israel, up to Haifa Bay, is the northeastern limb of the submarine Nile Delta Cone. It is made up predominantly of clastics from the Nile and its predecessors. The continental shelf and coastal plain of Israel are built of a series of shore-parallel ridges composed of carbonate-cemented quartz sandstone (locally named kurkar), a lithification product of windblown sands that were piled up into dunes during the Pleistocene. The drop in global sea level and regression during the last glacial period exposed the continental shelf to subaerial erosion and created a widespread regional erosional unconformity which is expressed as a prominent seismic reflector at the top of the kurkar layers. The subsequent Holocene transgression abraded much of the westernmost kurkar ridges, drowned their cores, and covered the previous lowstand deposits with marine sands, which were in turn covered by a sequence of sub-Recent clayey silts.

The Mediterranean coasts of Sinai and Israel are part of the Nile littoral cell. Since the building of the Aswan dams the sand supplied to Israel's coastal system is derived mainly from erosion of the Nile Delta and from sands offshore Egypt that are stirred up by storm waves. The sands are transported by longshore and offshore currents along the coasts of northern Sinai and Israel. Their volume gradually declines northward with distance from their Nile source. The longshore transport terminates in Haifa Bay where some sand is trapped, and the test escapes to deeper water by bottom currents and through submarine canyons, thus denying Nile-derived sand supply to the 40-km-long Akko-Rosh Haniqra shelf.

The sand balance along Israel's coastal zone is a product of natural processes and human intervention. Losses due to the outgoing longshore transport, seaward escape, and landward wind transport exceed the natural gains from the incoming longshore transport and the abrasion of the coastal cliffs. The deficit is aggravated by the construction of (1) seaward-projecting structures that trap sands on the upstream side and (2) offshore detached breakwaters that trap sands between themselves and the coast. The negative sand balance is manifested by the removal of sand from the seabed and the consequent exposure of archaeological remains that were hitherto protected by it.

The sediments that escape seaward from the longshore transport system form a 2.5- to 4-km-wide sandy apron adjacent to the shore that extends to where the water is 30–40 m deep. The apron's slope (0.5–0.8°) is steeper than the theoretical equilibrium slope for the median grain-size diameter in this zone (0.1–0.3 mm).

The beach sands and the apron's surficial sands are well sorted. Their grain size decreases with distance from shore, from 0.2–0.3 mm nearshore to 0.11–0.16 mm by the drowned ridge. The coarse-grained fraction consists of skeletal debris (commonly 5–12% carbonate matter) and wave-milled kurkar grains (locally named zifzif). In deeper water, the basal sands underlying the fine-grained sediment cover consist of 1- to 30-cm layers whose composition ranges from silty sands to various types of sands (fine, medium, coarse, and gravelly) to zifzif. For the most part, they contain large amounts of skeletal debris (20–60%) and small fragments of kurkar.

Two types of kurkar rock were encountered offshore: a well-sorted, fine- to medium-grained (0.074–0.300 mm) lithified dune sand with variable amounts of carbonate cement, ranging from hard rock of low permeability to loose sand; and a porous sandstone made up predominantly of algal grains and skeletal debris (calcarenite).     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据，识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群，其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊，位于东海海底以下90 m深处，推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST)，沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS)；层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架，属于衰退沙脊，系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST，顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年，地层层位相距近90 m，但是沙脊群总体走向一致，表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊，通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊，多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U₁₄和层U₂两期沙脊群,其中层U₁₄期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90m深处,推测属于距今320~200ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U₂期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105/a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U₂期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。