青海格尔木开木棋拉仁-长梁山地区铜多金属矿地质特征与成矿规律简析

研究区位于柴达木准地台之南缘,大地构造位置属秦祁昆造山系之东昆仑弧盆系,区内出露地层较少,断层与褶皱均较为发育,根据区内铜矿化特征,铜矿主要发现在黑色泥板岩和细砂质千枚岩、细粒变砂岩中,两者铜矿(化)都具有明显层控特征,符合火山沉积型铜矿的成矿模式。本文对青海格尔木开木棋拉仁-长梁山地区铜多金属矿地层、构造特征与地区成矿规律进行系统分析,主要地球化学数据异常包含W、Sn、Mo、Ti、Cr、Ni、Au、Ag、Hg等,异常分布受成矿地质条件控制,且具有典型空间分布特征,其主要矿物为自然铜和表生氧化产物黑铜矿、赤铜矿及孔雀石,故认为该铜矿成矿类型为变质砂岩型。根据火山沉积型铜矿的成矿模型,该类型铜矿往往形成规模较大的中大型铜矿床,区域内具有较好的铜找矿潜力。     

甘肃玉门—肃南地区砂岩型铜矿赋矿地层特征及其归属

玉门—肃南地区为北祁连西段海相砂岩型铜矿成矿区。区域地层主要为早古生代海相火山-沉积建造。区内天鹿、干沟-老虎沟、牦牛沟、天桥湾、三把羊、红口子6个铜矿床（点）均赋存于下古生界上部地层中。以往对其时代归属存有争议。笔者对区内4个铜矿区的赋矿地层及代表性矿床——天鹿铜矿、鹿角沟及天涝池实测剖面地层特征进一步研究表明,区内砂岩铜矿赋矿地层在岩石组合和地层层序、地球化学等方面与上部晚志留世地层有比较显著的差异。根据区域对比研究表明,区内砂岩铜矿赋矿地层应归属泉脑沟山组上段,时代应为中志留世。     

滇东北峨眉山玄武岩区的沉积型铜矿床

在滇东北峨眉山玄武岩分布区上二叠统宣威组中发现沉积型铜矿床。文章对此类沉积型铜矿床的地质特征和成矿作用特征进行了较系统的研究,结合矿物成分和硫同位素测试结果,探讨了矿床的形成过程和找矿前景。研究表明,区内沉积型铜矿床主要有两种矿化类型:结核状铜矿化和浸染状铜矿化,矿石矿物以辉铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝等为主;成矿受上二叠统宣威组沉积地层控制,与峨眉山玄武岩喷溢形成的古火山构造和古地形以及火山期后的热泉活动关系密切,有机质在成矿过程中可能发挥了作用;成矿过程可能从沉积成岩阶段一直延续到成岩期后。区域上假整合覆盖于上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩之上的宣威组沉积岩系具有良好的找矿前景。     

丽江东部地区黑泥哨组铜矿成矿规律及潜力分析

丽江东部地区广泛分布的黑泥哨组(P3h)是区域上一个重要的含铜层位,在该地区大公山、铜厂河、宝坪等地均发现有工业铜矿床。该地层中发现的铜矿床具有两种类型:产于火山沉积夹层中的火山沉积-热液型铜矿及产于构造破碎带中的构造热液型铜矿。主要控矿因素为二叠纪晚期古地理环境、火山活动、成矿前构造及喜山期岩浆活动。本文通过分析这些控矿因素之间的关系,总结该区域内黑泥哨组铜矿化规律,为今后的找矿工作提出一些建议。     

王屋山断隆带铜矿地质特征及找矿方向

王屋山断隆带位于河南省济源市西北部,系中条山铜成矿带的东延部分。区内有与铜矿化关系密切的新太古代—古元古代构造窗200余平方千米;断隆带内分布有以铜为主的综合地球化学异常数十处;区域重磁异常还显示带内隐伏—半隐伏岩体、与铜矿化有关的矿化蚀变比较发育。由于已发现的铜矿床与遥感异常分布十分吻合,但王屋山遥感异常区内还未发现成型铜矿床。根据该区良好的铜成矿地质条件并结合本区矿床类型和矿点分布规律,确定出的找矿方向为:清虚宫—虎岭地区寻找变斑岩型铜矿;石板道地区寻找热液型—变斑岩型铜矿;软枣角沟—小沟—柳行沟铜矿化带及其东西延伸方向是寻找变基性火山岩型铜矿床的有利地段;西端是变斑岩型铜矿床和热液型铜矿床分布的有利地段;瓦庙坡地区主要寻找沉积变质型铜矿床。     

甘肃公婆泉地区铁铜矿床类型及成矿条件分析

公婆泉地区位于甘肃北山褶皱带、公婆泉环形构造西南部。区内矿床(点)受环形构造控制,大多呈环形或弧形分布。矿床类型众多,主要有斑岩型铜矿、石英脉型铜矿、火山热液—沉积型铁矿及火山—热液型铜矿等。与成矿有关的地层(岩体)主要为华力西早期的陆相次火山岩,华力西中期的花岗闪长岩,以及早石炭世和二叠纪的产物。因此,围绕古火山口的环形构造是寻找铜铁矿床的重要标志。     

青海省天峻县疏勒河地区铜及多金属综合信息成矿预测

研究区位于中—南祁连弧盆系中祁连岩浆弧区。区内以沉积地层分布最为广泛,地层时代跨度大,其中青白口系碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩组成的建造、奥陶系中基性火山喷出岩—碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩建造及二叠系碎屑岩系与成矿关系密切。区内断裂纵横交错,褶皱发育,总体构造线以NW、NWW向为主,近EW向、NNE、NNW向次之。区域岩浆活动主要表现在加里东期,岩浆从超基性—基性—中酸性—酸性都有不同程度的出露。区内主要成矿类型有岩浆热液型钨钼矿、砂岩型铜矿、中低温热液型铜矿及铅锌矿。本文从成矿地质背景分析入手,研究了与成矿有关的地质特征,应用MORPAS软件将研究区划分为3 km×3 km的单元格,提取变量,构置证据图层,计算单元找矿信息量,对研究区进行了铜及多金属矿的成矿预测,圈定并评价了6处找矿靶区,其中Ⅰ类靶区3处,Ⅱ类靶区3处。为该区今后部署铜、钨钼、铅锌等矿产勘查工作提供了重要依据,指出了进一步工作的方向。     

新疆东准噶尔苏海图地区首次发现自然铜的启示和意义

苏海图火山岩属于纸房-琼河坝火山岩带,出露的地层主要有泥盆—二叠系火山岩。首次在新疆苏海图地区蚀变玄武岩中发现自然铜矿化,矿化与绿帘石化、碳酸盐化、孔雀石化、硅化等关系密切,显示热液成矿特点。电子探针研究初步表明,铜矿物组合为自然铜、赤铜矿和黑铜矿等,自然铜被赤铜矿、黑铜矿不同程度交代;已发现的铜矿物中,尚未发现自然铜与其它铜的硫化物之间存在接触关系,暗示自然铜为原生铜矿物,矿化与火山间歇期热液活动有关,属于火山岩型铜矿化。地球化学特征表明,苏海图含矿玄武岩不具有地幔柱玄武岩特征,自然铜矿化和地幔柱岩浆作用无关。同一岛弧带上的琼河坝地区以斑岩型、矽卡岩型铜矿为主,苏海图地区火山岩广泛分布,可能存在多种铜矿化类型,自然铜矿化是该地区一种新的矿化类型,对寻找铜矿具有一定的指导意义。     

云南省蝉战河自然铜矿床类型及找矿方向研究

扬子地块西南缘是我国重要铜成矿带之一,该区已发现多个典型的火山-沉积碎屑岩型和陆相砂页岩型铜矿.蝉战河铜矿床具有典型的两种矿床类型特征.在系统总结该矿床地质特征的基础上,分析了两种矿床类型的各自特征,初步认为区内具中—大型铜矿成矿条件,并提出了找矿方向.     

云南景谷民乐—双龙地区铜矿成矿规律

地区铜矿在中三叠世岛弧环境下与火山岩地层同期成岩成矿——英安斑岩铜矿(化),经后期多次构造运动影响和改造,在喜马拉雅后期干旱环境下经氧化、强淋滤和次生富集,逐步演化为"火山—次火山热液交代次生富集铜矿",并衍生出构造热液型铜矿、砂岩铜矿等多种矿床类型。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.