中国干旱区温度带界线对气候变暖的响应

在全球气候变暖大背景下,热量资源的改变与温度带界线的动态变化将会影响到干旱区天然植被的生长与分布,而农业气候资源的变化将对干旱区农业生产的布局与种植制度的调整产生深刻影响。本文采用1961-2007 年均一化气温数据与MPI_ECHAM5 模式输出的21 世纪上半叶A1B情景下的区域降尺度格点数据,选取保证率为80%的日均温≥ 10 ℃持续日数等值线和日均温≥ 10 ℃等积温线为干旱区温度带北界指标,探讨了过去近50 年及21 世纪上半叶气候变暖背景下中国干旱区温度带界线的动态变化。研究表明,(1) 1961-2007 年,干旱区夏、冬半年气温呈显著增加趋势,且冬半年较夏半年增温幅度要大;各年代日均温≥ 10 ℃积温与≥ 10 ℃持续日数的等值线动态变化一致,均表现为显著向北或向高海拔推移;(2) 通过对温度带北界指标变化的判断,1961-2007 年干旱区暖温带和中温带北界普遍北移,北移幅度最大者为阿拉善地区,超过1 个纬度;21 世纪上半叶,暖温带和中温带北界将继续北移,且暖温带移动趋势更为显著;无论是过去近50 年,还是21 世纪上半叶,干旱区暖温带和中温带北界均有向高海拔区域移动趋势;(3) 与温度带北界的变动相对应,干旱区生长期起始日期和终霜日等气候指标显著提早,天然植被与作物种植北界向北向西推移,并呈现向高海拔区域扩展的态势。因此,综合考虑农业气候资源变化以及人类活动的影响,从而确定气候条件与农业生产种植之间的反馈关系,这将是下一步研究的重点。     

三门峡市黄河滩地开发利用探讨

黄河自陕西潼关东流,经过整个三门峡市北部。从入境口到三门峡水库,河流主线长130.5公里,流经灵宝县、陕县、湖滨区三县(区)。三门峡市黄河滩地就是指这段黄河南岸广大河漫滩地。一、三门峡市黄河滩地资源特征三门峡市黄河滩地地处暖温带季风气候区,春夏秋冬四季分明。年平均气温为13.2℃,1月份最冷(平均气温-11.4℃),7月份最热(平均气温25.7℃)。年均日较差较大,有利于作物蛋白质的形成和积累,有利于水果、瓜菜糖分的转化。本区无霜期有220天,>0℃的活动积温为5125.6℃,>10℃的活动积温为4507.0℃。全年平均日照时数为2238.9小时,日照百分率为     

冬季气候变暖对山西省冬小麦可种植区的影响

基于山西省境内较为均匀分布的70 个地面气象观测站1970-2012 年冬季逐日气温资料,采用线性倾向估计法分析了负积温、最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温的变化特征,采用累积距平法确定其突变点,以突变点为界分为前后2 个时间段,依据前后时间段等值线的变化分析冬季气候变暖对山西省冬小麦可种植区的影响。结果表明：山西省负积温呈现显著减少趋势（通过了α=0.01 的显著检验）,最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温呈现不显著升高趋势;突变后,负积温平均减少了103.4℃,最冷月平均气温和年极端最低气温分别升高了0.8℃和0.7℃;在3 个指标中,决定山西省冬小麦能否种植的关键因子是负积温和年极端最低气温,最冷月平均气温的影响较小;冬季气候变暖后,平均状况下,冬小麦可种植区域面积扩大了约2.9×10⁶ hm²,扩大52%,80%保证率下,冬小麦种植面积扩大了约2.3×10⁶ hm²,扩大79%。     

黄河上游主要产流区气候变化及其对水资源的影响——以甘南高原为例

 利用黄河上游主要产流区甘南高原地面气象观测资料和水资源定位观测资料,分析气候、水资源变化特征，及其二者的关系，建立水资源气候模式。分析表明：黄河上游主要产流区甘南高原大部分区域降水量年际变化呈下降趋势，降水量变化线性拟合倾向率在-22.6～-9.6 mm/10a之间，降水量递减以秋季降水量递减为主，降水量减少突变点在1980—1990年之间，年际变化主要存在6～7 a短周期振荡和15 a的长周期振荡特征。气温年际变化趋势呈显著上升趋势，增温速度均大于全国增温速度，增温率以冬季最大，气温增高突变点在20世纪70年代。草地年干燥指数变化呈显著上升趋势，近50 a来甘南高原气候趋于暖干化。水资源呈显著下降趋势，水资源存在2～3 a、7～8 a、20～23 a的年际周期变化。水资源与降水量呈显著正相关，与干燥指数呈显著负相关，降水量减少，草地干燥指数上升，导致水资源减少。     

近54年来辽西北地区降水与太阳黑子关系研究

根据1960~2013年辽西北地区50个雨量站逐日降水量数据和同期太阳黑子相对数数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法对辽西北地区近54 a来的降水量变化趋势进行分析,采用Morlet小波分析技术分析了研究区降水量和太阳黑子的变化周期,并计算了相应的小波系数。结果表明：辽西北地区降水量年际变化表现为微弱的下降趋势,突变点在1996~1997年之间,突变前后降水趋势由升转降。太阳黑子与降水距平值的负相关关系显著,且存在5 a的滞后性,对降水周期影响较小,与降水量相关关系复杂。     

秦岭南北1951-2009年的气温与热量资源变化

根据47 个地面气象站1951-2009 年日气温资料,对秦岭南北近60 年温度带划分指标(包括年平均气温、日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数与积温、最冷月与最热月气温、极端最低气温等) 的变化特征进行了分析,结果发现：秦岭南北气候增暖主要出现在20 世纪90 年代初之后,年平均气温、日平均气温≥ 10 ℃的日数和积温的变化趋势基本一致,1951-1993 年在年代波动中略有下降,而1993 年之后则快速上升;但存在着季节和区域差异。在季节上,冷季(1 月) 平均气温与极端最低气温变化趋势一致,1951-1985 年均在波动中略有上升,1985 年之后出现微弱下降;而暖季(7 月) 温度总体变化趋势不明显。在区域上,1993 年之后,秦岭以北、秦岭南坡、汉水流域及巴巫谷地的日平均气温稳定≥ 10 ℃的日数分别较1993 年之前增加了10 天、10 天、8 天和5 天,相应时段的积温分别增加了278 ℃、251 ℃、235 ℃和207 ℃;即20 世纪90 年代初以来,秦岭以北气温与热量资源增加幅度要比秦岭以南稍大一些。     

黄土高原植被对水热状况的响应研究

利用1999~2010年植被覆盖数据、气温与降水量数据,结合经验正交函数、时滞互相关法与奇异值分解法对黄土高原植被覆盖和水热状况进行研究。结果表明,水热组合状况主成分较多且时间变化规律性差,即水热综合状况比较复杂;植被覆盖特征明显。最大时滞相关反映出黄土高原南部小麦等作物对水热响应最快,其次为林木-温性植物-寒性、盐生、旱生植物-强旱生植物,滞后时间0~30 d。奇异值分解得出黄土高原绝大部分区域植被覆盖与水热变化一致,也存在明显负相关区。     

1973-2010年毛里塔尼亚气候变化与风况特征

利用1973-2010年12个站点的年平均气温、降水量、风向、风速数据,对38 a来毛里塔尼亚气候变化和风况特征作了初步分析。结果表明:毛里塔尼亚沿海区域38 a来呈变暖趋势,北部荒漠区域和南部热带草原区域则呈现冷暖交替变化的趋势。20世纪60年代降雨量最多,70年代和80年代降雨量偏少,总体上降雨量略有减少。除沿海区域外,南部热带草原区域和北部荒漠区域少雨期和降温期相对应,多雨期与升温期相对应,降雨滞后于温度。1973-2010年月平均风速均呈现下降趋势,南部热带草原区域下降趋势较为明显,北部荒漠区域下降趋势不明显。月平均风速为春季、夏季较大,冬季次之,秋季最小。季节风热条件存在明显差异,北部风热同步,南部先同步后异步,沿海则完全不同步。各站点的年风向频率,沿海区域以北风为主,而北部荒漠区域及南部热带草原区域风向则介于东、北向之间。     

气候变化情景下油茶生长的适宜性特征

基于气候情景数据与油茶标本，运用MaxEnt模型分析全新世中期、当代与未来阶段油茶生长的气候适宜性特征，将概率分布结果由不适宜到最适宜分为4个等级，分析了各时段空间分布变化与最适宜区北界变化、几何中心变化及位移情况。结果如下：1）MaxEnt模型的AUC值为0.848，评估结果达到“好”的标准，说明该模型可用；年降水量、最湿季降水量、最暖季平均温、温度季节性变化的标准差、最干月降水量、最湿季平均温和最冷季平均温等是7个主要环境因子。2）中国油茶主要适宜生长于长江以南、云贵高原以东，经纬度范围为30°N以南、107°E以东地区；适宜及以上等级占研究区面积的34.9%~61%；适宜性变化，空间上西南地区波动明显，面积上稳定和降低类占比较高。3）油茶最适宜区北界位于亚热带中部，不同年代、不同地区北界各异，长江中下游地区变化较小，而秦岭、渝、贵和桂等地变动较大，整体趋势为全新世中期至1980s向南推移，未来情景下2050s和2070s缓慢向北推移；几何中心在全新世中期时位于湖南郴州，至1980s时向东南方位移至广东韶关，至2050s时向东北位移至江西吉安，并相对稳定。4）基于气候情景数据和MaxEnt物种分布模型分析中国南方地区油茶气候适宜性时空分布与变化特征结果可靠。     

近44年来中国西北降水量变化的区域差异以及对全球变暖的响应

利用中国西北地区(75~105°E、35~50°N)最近44年(1958~2001年)77个气象台站观测的降水量、气温资料以及NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,采用回归分析与合成分析等方法研究了西北干旱区降水量的时空变化特征及其与全球气温变化的关系。结果表明,西北干旱区的降水量偏多(偏少)与全球平均气温升高(降低)存在一定的对应关系,但降水量随气温的变化存在地域差异,主要表现为干旱区的西部(93°E以西)区域年降水量随全球气温升高呈现增加趋势,而东部(93°E以东)区域年降水量呈减少趋势。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,