不同层间堆垛密度的HDTMA^＋柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附实验研究

本文以阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,HDTMAB)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.5～2.5CEC)制备了层间季铵盐离子呈单层平卧、双层平卧和倾斜双层排列的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石,并研究了具有不同层间结构的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力以及溶液pH值、温度、对硝基苯酚初始浓度等因素对HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液pH值的升高而升高,这主要受对硝基苯酚在不同pH条件下的离子化程度影响;HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力随着介质溶液温度的升高而降低,说明吸附反应是一个放热过程。同时,从单层平卧→双层平卧→倾斜双层,HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附能力明显提高。钠基蒙脱石和低堆垛密度(单层平卧、双层平卧)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈S型,而高堆垛密度(倾斜双层)的HDTMA 柱撑蒙脱石对对硝基苯酚的吸附等温线呈Linear型,表明前者以表面吸附为主,后者以分配作用为主。     

TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究

以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.     

不同表面活性剂修饰TiO2柱撑粘土的制备及其光催化活性研究

本文分别采用阴离子、非离子、阳离子三种不同类型的表面活性剂对河北蒙脱石进行改性修饰,并以酞酸丁酯和盐酸分别为前驱物和酸催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-gel）制备了不同表面活性剂修饰TiO2柱撑粘土催化剂.用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段表征了催化剂的微观结构,以2,4,6-三氯苯酚（2,4,6-trichlorophenol, TCP）和甲基橙染料的吸附、降解为模型反应,考察了改变溶胶和表面活性剂的不同添加顺序对阳离子表面活性剂所修饰的催化剂性质的影响,以及不同类型的表面活性剂修饰所得的催化剂的光催化活性.实验结果表明,通过添加不同的表面活性剂能够不同程度地改变柱撑粘土的BET比表面积,并使其对不同目标污染物具有不同的吸附能力和光催化活性.阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）修饰的TiO2柱撑粘土具有较好的光催化活性,其次是非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇（PVA）修饰的TiO2柱撑粘土,而阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）修饰的柱撑粘土光催化活性较差.     

聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石吸附重金属离子实验研究

利用keggin离子对蒙脱石进行柱撑制得聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石,研究柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Cr^3＋3种重金属离子的吸附。结果表明：未经焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cr^3＋离子的吸附性要比原矿好,而经400℃下焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cd^2＋则有更好的吸附性。用腐殖酸对柱撑蒙脱石改性能提高柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加。另外还对柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附动力学进行了研究．发现其动力学吸附过程可用Elovicb方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。     

煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石材料结合态Fe(Ⅱ)对邻硝基苯酚的还原转化研究

通过铝盐与蒙脱石(Na-Mt)反应制备了铝柱撑蒙脱石(Al-Mt),同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)对在不同温度(200~600℃)下煅烧获得的铝柱撑蒙脱石产物(At-Mt-X)进行表征。探讨Fe(Ⅱ)与Al-Mt-X所形成的复合系统对邻硝基苯酚(2-NP)的吸附-还原降解行为,包括铝柱撑蒙脱石的煅烧温度、煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石的表面酸位变化以及溶液pH值等条件对邻硝基苯酚还原转化的影响。结果表明,由于随着煅烧温度的升高,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石表面酸性位点会逐渐减少,使得其对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原性能增强;煅烧温度高于500℃时,煅烧改性产物与Fe(Ⅱ)形成的Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统显著提高了Fe(Ⅱ)物种的还原活性,因而有效增强对2-NP的还原降解。此外,Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统对2-NP的还原降解符合准一级反应动力学方程,表观速率常数(k)随pH值和铝柱撑蒙脱石煅烧温度的升高而增大。作为一种功能性矿物材料,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石在缺氧环境下能有效促进吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)物种对污染物的还原降解,煅烧温度与pH值是其中两个重要的制约因素。     

柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究

运用十二烷基磺酸钠和聚羟基硅铝对蒙脱石进行改性后的柱撑蒙脱石,分别研究了溶液的pH值,初始浓度和反应时间对Cu2 ,Cr3 和Cd2 三种重金属离子的吸附性能、平衡模型和动力学过程。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸钠柱撑蒙脱石对三种重金属离子都具有很强的吸附能力,聚羟基硅铝柱撑粘土次之;柱撑后的蒙脱石对单组分的重金属离子的吸附平衡方程符合Langmuir模型;吸附行为的动力学符合假一级动力学方程。柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究@刘云$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,510640 @吴平霄$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,5…     

Fe-Al复合柱撑剂制备及对丁基黄药的吸附行为

由于蒙脱石独特的层状结构和离子交换能力,使其在污水治理领域具有良好的应用前景。本文使用共聚法制备Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石（Fe-Al-MT）,采用XRD、比表面积孔径分析仪和SEM等进行表征分析,并探究了Fe-Al-MT对选矿废水中丁基黄药的吸附效果。试验结果表明,当Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石中n(Fe³⁺)/n(Al³⁺)=1﹕5时,Fe-Al-MT的层间距达到1.913nm,比表面积为226.65m²/g,柱撑效果最佳。在Fe-Al-MT用量为6g/L,温度为40℃,p H=5的条件下,Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的去除率最高达到84.16%。根据Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的吸附作用研究表明该反应更符合Langmuir等温线模型,表明吸附过程属于单分子吸附。吸附动力学分析表明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学。     

干、湿态单/双链表面活性剂柱撑蒙脱石层间微结构及分子环境比较

以含不同烷基碳链长度(8、12或16个碳原子)的单/双链阳离子表面活性剂对内蒙蒙脱石样品进行了柱撑改性。用XRD和FTIR方法研究了柱撑改性后干、湿样品的层间微结构和分子环境。单链柱撑样品中,烷基链长度增加,柱撑高度也增大。湿样的柱撑高度大多高于干样品,衍射图峰形更为规整,柱撑结构更为均一;双链柱撑样品也是柱撑高度与烷基链长度正相关,但其湿样品的底面间距反而小于干样品。同时,亚甲基伸缩振动的变化趋势与层间距的变化趋势基本一致,即当烷基链长度或数目增加时,有机蒙脱石层间有机相分子的环境更接近于似固态。     

柱撑蒙脱石制备与表征

本文采用多种方法制备keggin离子，并探索出制备稳定keggin离子的适宜酸碱度，用此柱化剂制备出层间距为2．4～2．5nm的柱撑蒙脱石。应用X射线走向衍射技术、红外光谱、差热分析对往撑蒙脱石进行表征，用BET、吡啶吸附考察了其表面物理化学性质。结果表明，用Keggin离子制备出的柱撑蒙脱石其层间距在自然状态下为2．4～2．5nm，350C灼烧，层间距稳℃定在1．8nm，且具有耐热性能好、较大的比表面积和较强的Lewis酸位中心等特点．     

TiO2柱撑蒙脱石的X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究

通过TiCL4在HCL溶液中的水解制备了TiO2柱撑蒙脱石，用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及N2吸附－脱附实验对所得材料进行表征。结果表明，煅烧能有效地改善柱撑蒙脱石层间TiO2柱体的结晶程度，但同时也会引起TiO2晶粒长大、比表面积下降以及硅酸盐片层之间平行有序分布的程度降低。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with