亚洲夏季西风指数与中国夏季降水的关系

对1958—2000年亚洲纬向风和我国160站夏季降水进行SVD分析,发现两者具有良好的耦合关系。根据分析结果定义了一个可以表征我国夏季降水的亚洲夏季西风指数(IASW)。西风指数高(低)年,长江中下游夏季降水偏少(多),华南、河套和东北地区降水偏多(少)。同时分析了高、低西风指数年的环流特征,发现当长江中下游夏季降水偏多而华南、河套和东北地区降水偏少时,500 hPa呈负EAP型,鄂霍茨克海和乌拉尔山有阻高建立,西太平洋副热带高压偏南,105°E越赤道气流偏弱,东亚夏季风偏弱,高纬的偏北气流和低纬的偏南气流在我国长江中下游地区汇合,梅雨锋加强,使得雨带在此维持。前期鄂霍茨克海区域平均位势高度以及前期1—3月西太平洋的热带对流活动可以作为预测夏季西风强弱的前兆信号。     

珠三角冬季雷暴的大气环流特征及海温异常背景

利用珠江三角洲14站1月份的观测资料,进行珠三角地区冬季雷暴的气候统计,得出上世纪80年代后有出现次数增加的趋势。根据历史天气图以及NCEP/NCAP再分析资料,引发珠三角冬季雷暴的天气特点是:500 hPa多为南支槽和西风槽叠加,地面为静止锋或冷空气配合锋面南下、低压槽维持在华南;冬季雷暴发生前珠三角地区上干下湿配置明显,850、500 hPa上K和S i指数呈逐日较大增长趋势。对比1961~2003年珠三角地区冬雷年、非冬雷年1月的500 hPa平均高度距平合成图,分析形成珠三角冬季雷暴的大气环流特征,发现冬雷年的500 hPa大尺度环流背景是:欧亚中高纬平均高度距平从西到东呈“正负正”分布,即乌拉尔山附近有阻塞高压,欧洲长波槽深而活跃,蒙古、中国多低槽、冷空气活动,副热带高压偏强;相反,非冬雷年500 hPa的欧亚中高纬平均高度距平从西到东呈“负正负”分布,欧洲长波槽偏北,乌拉尔山附近没有稳定阻高建立,冷空气势力偏弱。同时,冬雷年1月的海温特征是:赤道东太平洋170~80°W附近为正海温距平区。     

La Ni(n)a年冬季亚洲中高纬环流与我国南方降雪异常关系

2007/2008年冬季,赤道中东太平洋形成了一次中等强度的La Ni(n)a事件.本文根据NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,探讨La Ni(n)a气候背景下亚洲中高纬大气环流及南亚上空南支槽强度与我国南方(25～35°N,110～125°E)多雪、少雪以及2008年1月我国南方大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害的关系.分析指出,La Ni(n)a气候背景下,500 hPa高度场亚洲高纬位势高度偏高易出现阻塞型,当乌拉尔山阻塞高压强度、位置比鄂霍次克阻塞高压偏强、偏北时,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自乌拉尔山地区,南方偏冷(距平达-4.0 ℃)多雪;当鄂霍次克阻塞高压强度、位置比乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强、偏北,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自鄂霍次克海地区,南方偏暖(距平达1.0 ℃)少雪.2008年1月500 hPa高度上亚洲高纬乌拉尔山阻高偏北、强度偏强(正距平中心值达120 gpm),入侵我国南方的2支偏北气流都来自乌拉尔山地区,南方出现了低温(温度距平达-4.0 ℃)雨雪冰冻天气;分析指出,200 hPa高度场南亚地区南支槽的强弱对我国南方降雪多寡有重要影响.     

关键区海温年代际异常对我国东部夏季降水影响

利用1931—2010年UKMO HADISST1全球月海表温度、NOAA再分析资料及我国东部96个站月降水量资料,使用REOF,SVD及合成分析等方法探讨了关键区冬季海表温度 (SST) 年代际异常对我国东部夏季降水的影响。结果表明:当冬季黑潮区SST年代际异常处于正位相时,夏季500 hPa中高纬度地区位势高度呈“+-+”距平分布,西风带经向环流盛行,西太平洋副热带高压加强、西伸;850 hPa风场距平场上,北方地区为反气旋性异常控制,南海上空为异常偏南气流,这样的环流配置有利于我国东部夏季多雨带出现在长江中下游地区;当冬季南印度洋偶极子 (SIOD) 年代际异常处于正位相时,夏季500 hPa中高纬度地区位势高度为正距平,阻塞形势发展,经向环流盛行,有利于冷空气南下,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强,位置略偏南、偏西;850 hPa风场距平场上,北方地区为一反气旋性异常控制,异常偏北气流延伸至我国南方地区,索马里越赤道气流偏强。这种环流配置使得副热带锋区偏南,夏季多雨带位于华南及东南沿海地区。     

青藏高原冬季积雪与华南前汛期降水年际变率的联系

利用1979—2018年青藏高原(简称高原,下同)卫星积雪数据集、华南地区261站逐日降水及ERA5再分析资料,探讨了高原冬季积雪与华南前汛期降水的联系。结果表明：1)高原西部积雪与华南前汛期降水的正相关关系最为稳定,其主要影响前汛期的锋面降水,对夏季风降水的影响较小;2)华南前汛期在高原西部积雪偏多年比偏少年偏早20 d,使得前汛期降雨日数偏多,持续时间偏长,总降水量偏多,而降水强度受积雪的影响较小;3)高原积雪偏多年,积雪的冷却作用形成了低层异常反气旋环流,而东亚沿岸为“+-+”的位势高度异常,中纬度“西高东低”的环流配置有利于中高纬冷空气南侵,使得华南上空温度偏低,同时偏强偏南的西太平洋副热带高压加强了低纬地区偏南气流和水汽输送。3—4月锋面在华南北部南北摆动,4月初偏北干冷空气南侵和偏南暖湿气流的持续北推使得锋面加强,触发了前汛期的较早建立;积雪偏少年冷空气和偏南暖湿气流均较弱,华南北部锋面在4月初中断,4月中下旬华南北部锋面在偏北弱冷空气和偏南暖湿气流的共同作用下重新建立,从而华南前汛期开始偏晚。     

2005年北半球大气环流特征及其对中国气候异常的影响

2005年北半球主要环流特征为，500hPa西太平洋副热带高压较常年明显偏强，位置总体偏西偏北，春季副高位置异常偏西；东亚地区夏季500hPa位势高度距平场上大部地区为正距平分布，贝加尔湖南部为正距平中心。亚洲中纬度经、纬向环流交替出现，冬季经向环流异常发展，造成我国东部地区气温异常偏低；夏李纬向环流发展，同时东亚夏季风偏强，汛期主要雨带位置位于淮河流域。冬、春李热带对流活动减弱，入夏以后迅速加强，台风活动活跃。热带海洋为暖水位相。在海洋和大气环流的共同影响下我国天气气候发生了明显异常。     

利用局地经向环流对河南一次连阴雨过程的定量诊断

利用2.5°×2.5°NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和改进的局地经向环流线性模式,定量诊断了2011年9月5—19日河南省秋季连阴雨天气的形成机理,并利用局地经向环流的垂直分量与降水量滞后相关的分析,研究了这次连阴雨过程主要物理因子的演变特征。结果表明:(1)潜热加热、平均经向温度平流、平均西风动量的纬向平流和平均纬向温度平流是导致2011年9月河南省秋季连阴雨天气形成的主要物理因子。(2)潜热加热和平均纬向温度平流是造成此次连阴雨发生的主要物理因子;平均纬向温度平流、平均经向温度平流和平均西风动量的纬向平流是造成此次连阴雨发展或持续的主要物理因子;潜热加热、平均西风动量的纬向平流和平均纬向温度平流是造成此次连阴雨结束的主要物理因子。     

内蒙古夏季降水与亚洲纬向环流的联系

利用1980—2015年内蒙古地区116站逐月降水数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及亚洲经、纬向环流指数资料等,分析内蒙古夏季降水与中高纬环流因子的关系。结果表明:近36 a内蒙古夏季降水呈显著减少趋势,且具有显著的年代际变化特征,在1999年发生显著突变。内蒙古夏季降水与亚洲纬向环流存在负相关关系,尤其是内蒙古东部显著相关。通过环流场合成分析发现,在亚洲纬向环流指数高(低)值年,500 hPa位势高度距平场上,欧亚上空呈现出"+、-、+"("-、+、-")的环流形势,使得乌拉尔山高压脊减弱(增强),贝加尔湖高空槽变浅(加深),南北冷暖空气交换减弱(增强);850 hPa风场上,亚洲纬向环流指数高(低)值年,中国北方地区上空受反气旋(气旋)性环流控制,对流活动较弱(强),而西太平洋上空为异常气旋(反气旋)性环流,同时副热带高压强度偏弱(强),位置偏南(北)、偏东(西),使得输送到内蒙古地区的水汽较少(多),造成内蒙古东部夏季降水偏少(多)。进一步分析发现,亚洲纬向环流指数高、低值年,200 h Pa纬向风距平场呈现相反的分布形势,在高(低)值年,西风急流轴位置偏西(东),强度偏弱(强),不利于(利于)内蒙古东部夏季降水偏多。     

山西省夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征

利用山西省61个台站44年(1961-2004年)夏季降水资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,对山西省夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征进行了合成分析.结果表明:旱(涝)年春、夏季欧亚中高纬度地区500hPa位势高度距平场呈现出"正(负)-负(正)-正(负)"的分布特征,中高纬度地区以纬(经)向环流为主,冷空气活动明显偏弱(强),与此同时在我国东部地区对流层低层表现出明显的偏北(南)风距平,不(有)利于南方暖湿水汽向北的输送.     

2002年夏季中高纬大气准双周振荡对华南降水的影响

利用JRA55大气再分析资料和TRMM卫星降水资料,分析了2002年夏季（5~8月）华南地区降水的低频振荡特征,重点揭示了对其影响显著的中高纬大气季节内振荡的环流结构及演变。小波和功率谱分析表明,2002年夏季华南降水表现为主周期为10~30 d的准双周低频振荡。典型低频降水事件及合成分析指出,准双周降水的强（弱）变化除了受低空西北太平洋副热带高压西伸进入（东移退出）南海的影响以外,还显著地依赖于中高纬地区高空大气环流的季节内振荡。在对流层高层,中高纬度地区存在一支自大西洋经欧亚大陆的气旋—反气旋相间排列的低频波列。该波列在欧亚大陆地区向东南传播,当异常反气旋和气旋分别位于青藏高原和华北上空时,这种偶极型环流之间的高空辐散场有利于华南地区上升运动的发展,因而华南降水偏强;反之,华南降水偏弱。研究还表明,低频波列南移造成了对流层异常温度平流和副热带高层异常绝对涡度的变化,使得华南地区上升与下沉运动交替出现以及相应的经向环流圈反转,从而导致华南准双周振荡干湿位相的转换。局地异常感热加热对干湿位相转换也起一定作用。时滞相关分析发现,当青藏高原地区500 hPa位势高度异常场超前于华南异常降水4 d（即位相差为1/4周期）时,二者出现显著正相关,表明青藏高原地区500 hPa位势高度异常对预测华南地区季节内降水变化有潜在的应用价值。     

Anomalous Western Pacific Subtropical High during Late Summer in Weak La Nia Years: Contrast between 1981 and 2013

Both 1981 and 2013 were weak La Niña years with a similar sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the tropical Pacific, yet the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during August exhibited an opposite anomaly in the two years. A comparison indicates that, in the absence of a strong SST anomaly in the tropics, the cold advection from Eurasian high latitudes and the convection of the western Pacific warm pool play important roles in influencing the strength and position of the WPSH in August. In August 1981, the spatial pattern of 500 hPa geopotential height was characterized by a meridional circulation with a strong ridge in the Ural Mountains and a deep trough in Siberia, which provided favorable conditions for cold air invading into the lower latitudes. Accordingly, the geopotential height to the north of the WPSH was reduced by the cold advection anomaly from high latitudes, resulting in an eastward retreat of the WPSH. Moreover, an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the subtropical western Pacific, excited by enhanced warm pool convection, also contributed to the eastward retreat of the WPSH. By contrast, the influence from high latitudes was relatively weak in August 2013 due to a zonal circulation pattern over Eurasia, and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation induced by suppressed warm pool convection also facilitated the westward extension of the WPSH. Therefore, the combined effects of the high latitude and tropical circulations may contribute a persistent anomaly of the WPSH in late summer, despite the tropical SST anomaly being weak.     

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR ABNORMAL FREEZING RAINS AND SNOWSTORMS IN SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008

A quantitative diagnosis is carried out for the upward branch of a local meridional circulation over southern China(SC) during the abnormal snowstorms with severe freezing rain from 10 January to 3 February 2008.The diagnostic study shows that the upward branch is mainly associated with the zonal advection of westerly momentum and meridional temperature advection instead of the latent heating(which is commonly the dominant factor in many other storm cases).The corresponding weather analyses indicate that(1) the zonal advection of westerly momentum represents the effect of the upper-level divergence on the anticyclone-shear side in the entrance of a 200 hPa westerly jet with a westward deviation from its climatological location over southwestern Japan;(2) the meridional temperature advection represents the interaction between the mid-lower layer(850 to 400 hPa) warm advection over SC(ahead of temperature and pressure troughs with the latter trough deeper than the former in the Bay of Bengal) and cold advection over north China(steered by an underlying flow at 500 hPa);(3) the relatively weak vapor transport(compared to that of spring,summer and autumn) from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to SC and the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the lower troposphere over SC diminish the effect of latent heating.With the significant increase of vapor transport after 24 January,the role of latent heating is upgraded to become the third positive contributor to the upward branch over SC.     

Subseasonal Zonal Oscillation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High during Early Summer

This study examines the features and dynamical processes of subseasonal zonal oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during early summer, by performing a multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MVEOF) analysis on daily winds and a diagnosis on potential vorticity (PV) at 500 hPa for the period 1979–2016. The first MV-EOF mode is characterized by an anticyclonic anomaly occupying southeastern China to subtropical western North Pacific regions. It has a period of 10–25 days and represents zonal shift of the WPSH. When the WPSH stretches more westward, the South Asian high (SAH) extends more eastward. Above-normal precipitation is observed over the Yangtze–Huaihe River (YHR) basin. Suppressed convection with anomalous descending motion is located over the subtropical western North Pacific. The relative zonal movement of the SAH and the WPSH helps to establish an anomalous local vertical circulation of ascending motion with upper-level divergence over the YHR basin and descending motion with upper-level convergence over the subtropical western Pacific. The above local vertical circulation provides a dynamic condition for persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. An enhanced southwest flow over the WPSH’s western edge transports more moisture to eastern China, providing a necessary water vapor condition for the persistent rainfall over the YHR basin. A potential vorticity diagnosis reveals that anomalous diabatic heating is a main source for PV generation. The anomalous cooling over the subtropical western Pacific produces a local negative PV center at 500 hPa. The anomalous heating over the YHR basin generates a local positive PV center. The above south–north dipolar structure of PV anomaly along with the climatological southerly flow leads to northward advection of negative PV. These two processes are conducive to the WPSH’s westward extension. The vertical advection process is unfavorable to the westward extension but contributes to the eastward retreat of the WPSH.     

Impact of Surface Sensible Heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the Western Pacific Subtropical High: A Land–Air–Sea Interaction Perspective

The impact of surface sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau(SHTP) on the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)with and without air–sea interaction was investigated in this study. Data analysis indicated that SHTP acts as a relatively independent factor in modulating the WPSH anomaly compared with ENSO events. Stronger spring SHTP is usually followed by an enhanced and westward extension of the WPSH in summer, and vice versa. Numerical experiments using both an AGCM and a CGCM confirmed that SHTP influences the large-scale circulation anomaly over the Pacific, which features a barotropic anticyclonic response over the northwestern Pacific and a cyclonic response to the south. Owing to different background circulation in spring and summer, such a response facilitates a subdued WPSH in spring but an enhanced WPSH in summer. Moreover, the CGCM results showed that the equatorial low-level westerly at the south edge of the cyclonic anomaly brings about a warm SST anomaly(SSTA) in the equatorial central Pacific via surface warm advection.Subsequently, an atmospheric Rossby wave is stimulated to the northwest of the warm SSTA, which in turn enhances the atmospheric dipole anomalies over the western Pacific. Therefore, the air–sea feedbacks involved tend to reinforce the effect of SHTP on the WPSH anomaly, and the role of SHTP on general circulation needs to be considered in a land–air–sea interaction framework.     

2020年夏季我国气候异常特征及成因分析

2020年夏季我国天气气候极为异常,全国平均降水量为373.0 mm,较常年同期偏多14.7%,为1961年以来次多;季节内阶段性特征显著,6—7月多雨带主要位于江南大部—江淮地区,8月则主要在东北、华北及西南地区,致使2020年夏季雨型分布异常,不是传统认识上的四类雨型分布。通过对同期大气环流和热带海温等异常特征分析发现,6—7月,欧亚中高纬环流表现为“两脊一槽”型,东亚副热带夏季风异常偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)较常年同期显著偏强、偏西,第一次季节性北跳偏早,第二次北跳明显偏晚,且表现出明显的准双周振荡特征;使得来自西北太平洋的转向水汽输送偏强,并与中高纬不断南下的冷空气活动相配合,水汽通量异常辐合区主要位于长江中下游地区,导致江淮梅雨异常偏多。热带印度洋持续偏暖对维持6—7月西太副高偏强偏西及东亚夏季风异常偏弱起到了重要作用。8月,欧亚中高纬环流调整为“两槽一脊”型,蒙古低压活跃;西太副高也由前期偏纬向型的带状分布转为“块状”分布,脊线位置偏北;沿西太副高外围的异常西南风水汽输送延伸至华北—东北南部,形成自西南到东北的异常多雨带,与6—7月江淮流域降水异常偏多的空间分布有明显不同。异常的热带大气季节内振荡活动是导致8月中低纬大气环流发生调整的重要原因。     

热带气旋活动对西太平洋副热带高压经向移动的影响及可能机理：个例研究

本文利用WRF模式,通过开展敏感性试验讨论了单个热带气旋（Tropical Cyclone, TC）——“鲇鱼（Megi）”影响下不同等压面上西太平洋副热带高压脊线的移动特征,并分析了Megi活动影响副高脊线垂直分布的可能机理。结果表明,Megi活动期间,副高脊线在TC的影响下总体发生了向南移动,且TC活动所导致的脊线南移在高层相对较大,而在低层相对较小。TC影响副高脊线垂直分布的可能机理为,副高脊线的经向运动受其附近纬向风异常的直接影响,而Megi活动所导致的脊线附近纬向风异常与温度异常总体满足热成风关系,当Megi活动造成副高脊线附近出现温度经向梯度异常时,纬向风异常会随高度增加而发生切变,因此会导致副高脊线的垂直分布状况发生改变。另外,利用温度倾向方程的诊断分析结果表明,TC活动所激发的脊线附近不同物理过程项的异常在时空剖面上有很大区别,其中温度水平平流异常和非绝热加热异常的作用主要可使大气温度异常升高,而温度的垂直输送异常则可使温度降低。总之,TC的热力效应对西太平洋副热带高压脊线垂直分布的影响十分显著。     

2016年和1998年汛期降水特征及物理机制对比分析

利用多种大气环流、海表温度、积雪面积等数据,并利用个例对比分析和统计方法,研究了2016年汛期（5-8月）中国旱、涝特征及与1998年的异同点,并对比分析了这两年导致降水异常的大气环流和外强迫因子。结果表明:（1）2016年汛期中国降水总体偏多,长江中下游和华北各有一支多雨带。与1998年相比,这两年南方多雨带均位于长江流域,梅雨雨量均较常年偏多1倍以上,但梅雨季节进程有显著差异,1998年发生典型的“二度梅”,而2016年梅雨结束后长江流域降水显著偏少,主要降水区移至北方。（2）2016年5-7月乌拉尔山高压脊明显偏弱,而1998年欧亚中高纬度呈“两脊一槽”型,这与北大西洋海温距平在这两年前冬至春季几乎完全相反的分布型密切相关。（3）这两年5-7月热带和副热带地区环流较为相似,副热带高压偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,来自西北太平洋的水汽输送通量均在长江中下游形成异常辐合区,这主要是受到了前期相似的热带海温异常的影响,均为超强厄尔尼诺事件和热带印度洋全区一致偏暖模态。（4）这两年8月环流形势有显著差异,2016年8月副热带高压断裂,西段与大陆高压结合持续控制中国东部上空,夏季风迅速转强,长江流域高温少雨。而1998年8月夏季风进一步减弱,长江流域发生“二度梅”。2016年8月MJO异常活跃并长时间维持在西太平洋地区,激发频繁的热带气旋活动,对副热带地区大气环流的转折有重要作用。而1998年8月MJO主要活跃在印度洋地区,使得副高持续前期偏强的特征。除海洋和上述环流差异外,2016年前冬至春季青藏高原积雪的冷源热力效应远不及1998年强,这可能是导致2016年夏季风偏弱的程度不及1998年,而2016年汛期华北降水较1998年偏多的原因之一。      

The 2016 summer floods in China and associated physical mechanisms: A comparison with 1998

The characteristics of droughts and floods in China during the summers (May–August) of 2016 and 1998 were compared in great detail, together with the associated atmospheric circulations and external-forcing factors. Following results are obtained. (1) The precipitation was mostly above normal in China in summer 2016, with two main rainfall belts located in the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and North China. Compared with 1998, a similar rainfall belt was located over the YRV, with precipitation 100% and more above normal. However, the seasonal processes of Meiyu were different. A typical “Secondary Meiyu” occurred in 1998, whereas dry conditions dominated the YRV in 2016. (2) During May–July 2016, the Ural high was weaker than normal, but it was stronger than normal in 1998. This difference resulted from fairly different distributions of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Atlantic Ocean during the preceding winter and spring of the two years. (3) Nonetheless, tropical and subtropical circulation systems were much more similar in May–July of 2016 and 1998. The circulation systems in both years were characterized by a stronger than normal and more westward-extending western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), a weaker than normal East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), and anomalous convergence of moisture flux in the mid and lower reaches of the YRV. These similar circulation anomalies were attributed to the similar tropical SSTA pattern in the preceding seasons, i.e., the super El Niño and strong warming in the tropical Indian Ocean. (4) Significant differences in the circulation pattern were observed in August between the two years. The WPSH broke up in August 2016, with its western part being combined with the continental high and persistently dominating eastern China. The EASM suddenly became stronger, and dry conditions prevailed in the YRV. On the contrary, the EASM was weaker in August 1998 and the “Secondary Meiyu” took place in the YRV. The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was extremely active in August 2016 and stayed in western Pacific for 25 days. It triggered frequent tropical cyclone activities and further influenced the significant turning of tropical and subtropical circulations in August 2016. In contrast, the MJO was active over the tropical Indian Ocean in August 1998, conducive to the maintenance of a strong WPSH. Alongside the above oceanic factors and atmospheric circulation anomalies, the thermal effect of snow cover over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from the preceding winter to spring in 2016 was much weaker than that in 1998. This may explain the relatively stronger EASM and more abundant precipitation in North China in 2016 than those in 1998.     

一次初春东北冷涡的结构特征及其降水成因

利用ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料及中国753站逐日降水资料,对2008年3月23—28日的东北冷涡天气过程进行诊断分析,并探讨了冷涡降水的主要影响因子。结果表明：1）与夏季冷涡过程不同,此次初春冷涡过程高层环流场由经向环流向纬向环流转变;冷涡发展初期,经向环流的建立使得冷涡向南移动,而成熟阶段冷涡后部的低槽引导冷空气向冷涡输送,导致了冷涡环流的维持。2）亚欧大陆上空强阻塞形势的发展是初春东北冷涡形成的关键因子;乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压分别受到前期北大西洋和热带太平洋海温异常的调控,为冷涡向南发展维持提供了有利的环流背景,并影响了高低空急流的配置,有利于冷涡降水的形成。3）涡度场和温度场的高低空配置使得东北冷涡发展成深厚的环流系统,干侵入对冷涡的形成和维持同样有重要作用。冷涡环流的发展为东北地区降水提供了有利的水汽和垂直运动条件,冷暖平流交汇引起的锋面过程则促进大范围降水的形成。     

春季赤道东太平洋海温异常与东亚夏季风的关系

定义了新的东亚季风指数,分析表明该季风指数能够更好地反映西太平洋副高的季节变化和年际变化。以此为基础讨论了春季赤道东太平洋海温异常、夏季西太平洋副高及东亚夏季风三者之是的关系,指出春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖年,夏季西太平洋副高偏南、偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,长江流域夏季多雨,华南、河套及其以东地区少雨;春季赤道东太平洋海温偏冷年则反之。