粉末压片制样波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钼矿石中9种元素

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法中,采用粉末压片制样存在粒度效应和矿物效应等问题,但当样品在一定的粒度、压制压力及压制时间条件下,矿物效应和粒度效应仅仅对钠、钙等轻元素的测试有影响,而对钼、铜、铅等元素的测试并无影响。基于此本文建立了粉末压片制样波长色散XRF直接测定钼矿石中Mo、W、Cu、Pb、Zn、F、S、As、Bi等9种元素的方法。采用价格低廉的低压聚乙烯粉作衬垫镶边材料,样品在35 t的压力下压制30 s,制备的样片坚固光滑、吸潮性小,长期保存不发生形变,消除了粒度效应。选用自制的钼含量呈梯度变化的钼矿石样品及钼矿石、钨矿石、铜矿石、铅矿石、铋矿石、锌矿石等国家标准物质作为校准样品建立标准曲线,降低了矿物效应,采用经验系数法消除谱线重叠和基体干扰。本方相对标准偏差小于2.1%,各元素的测定结果与电感耦合等离子发射光谱法等其他方法测量值吻合。与已报道的玻璃熔融和粉末压片制样方法相比较,检出限较低,如钼的检出限为3.67 μg/g,比玻璃熔融法的检出限(450 μg/g或24 μg/g)要低得多;砷的检出限为1.13 μg/g,低于其他粉末压片法的检出限(7.8 μg/g)。本方法提出了克服粒度效应及光谱诸干扰因素影响的详细解决方案,有利于XRF法应用于定量分析基体组成复杂的钼矿石。     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法分析地球化学调查样品测量条件的优化

在X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析中,粉末压片制样是被广泛应用的一种制样方法,但由于存在样品粒度、矿物和基体效应对其测量条件进行优化。本文应用XRF法测量地球化学调查样品中24种主次量元素,综合优化了制样压力、仪器工作电压和工作电流、待测元素分析谱线、探测器的调节和探测效率等实验条件。在最优测量条件下,用土壤和水系沉积物国家标准物质GBW07402、GBW07404、GBW07424、GBW07426、GBW07429验证方法的准确度,结果表明个别元素如GBW07402中的Na2O、GBW07404中的Pb相对误差大于10%,其余元素的相对误差小于10%,但均达到了地球化学调查样品的质量监控要求。经优化的仪器测量条件为我国地球化学调查样品提供了可靠的基础数据。     

超细粉末压片X射线荧光光谱法分析铬铁矿中的多种元素

随着超细标准物质的研制,超细样品在地质分析中得到了进一步的应用。本文利用超高速行星式碎样机粉碎铬铁矿标准物质制成超细样品,采用粉末直接压片制样波长色散X射线荧光光谱测定铬铁矿中的多种元素(Cr、Si、Al、Fet、Mg、Ca、S、Co、Ni、V)。采用多种铬铁矿标准物质和人工配制标准物质制作工作曲线,经验系数和散射线内标法校正元素间的吸收-增强效应,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.24%~2.95%。本方法有效地克服了样品的粒度效应,分析结果的精密度和准确度不低于化学法。     

便携式波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪及初步应用

介绍了SPECTROSCAN-U便携式波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪的技术指标及特点;使用该仪器并采用粉末样品压片制样测定了水系沉积物及土壤样品中的11个元素,得到了较好的精密度和准确度,为野外现场测试作了有益的尝试。     

X荧光光谱分析技术在测定安徽月山矿床铁铜矿石中Fe、Cu的应用研究

为建立符合安徽月山矿区的X荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法,针对矿区铁矿、铜矿的特点,用铁、铜矿石的国家标准物质制作系列校准样片,通过粉末压片和玻璃熔融两种制样方法,波长色散X荧光光谱法测定主矿体样品中的Fe、Cu等主量元素,并将测定结果与传统化学方法分析结果进行比较。结果显示,熔片法-XRF的测定结果与化学容量法测定结果一致,试样在850℃灼烧,按40∶1大稀释比熔融制样,解决了样品在高温熔融过程中对铂黄坩埚的腐蚀,适用于月山矿区铁铜矿样品中Fe、Cu的测定。粉末压片法不能克服矿物效应和粒度效应的影响,测定结果与化学容量法结果比对偏差较大,不适用于月山地区铁铜矿中Fe、Cu的测定。     

用X射线荧光光谱法测定Cl、S等31个元素

采用硼酸镶边垫底的粉末样品压片制样,用ARL ADVANT′XP＋型X射线荧光光谱仪对土壤和水系沉积物样品中Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl等31个组分进行测定。重点研究了Cl和S等元素的测定条件、痕量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正问题。使用经验系数法和康普敦散射作内标校正基体效应。经标准物质校验,结果与标准值吻合。方法的检出限、精密度和准确度能满足多目标地球化学调查样品的分析要求。     

粉末压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定进口铜矿石中的氟

地质样品中氟的测定主要采用氟离子选择电极法,但操作复杂、分析时间长,无法满足大量进口铜矿石检测的需求。熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法可用于测定铜矿石中的主次量成分,但不能测定氟。本文采用粉末压片制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱测定进口铜矿石中氟的含量。以15个粒度为0.074 mm的实际进口铜矿石样品建立标准曲线,经验系数法校正基体效应,有效地降低了颗粒度效应、矿物效应和基体效应。方法的精密度为0.30%(RSD,n=11),检出限为2.4μg/g,测定范围为0.030%～0.20%。用标准物质验证,测定结果与标准物质的认定值相符;用实际样品验证,测定结果与氟离子选择电极法的测定值相符,能满足进口铜矿石中氟(限量不大于0.10%)日常分析检验的要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中34种主、次痕量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样,水系沉积物及土壤国家一级标准物质作为标准,使用经验系数法和散射线内标法校正元素间的吸收增强效应,用X射线光谱仪对土壤样品中的Fe_2O_3、Cao、Cl、S、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Co、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn等34种主次痕量元素进行测定,用国家一级标准物质GBW07452(GSS-23),GBW07405(GSS-5)和GBW07404(GSS-4)分析检验准确度和精密度,分析结果与标样标准值吻合,除Cl、S、As、Br、Ce、Co、Ni、Th、Sc、Hf、Nb、Nd的精密度小于10.00%以外,其他各元素精密度均在5.00%以内,各元素检出限均满足化探要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定矿物中的铌钽钍锆

采用人工合成标准样品,粉末压片制样,用ZSX Primus II型X射线荧光光谱仪直接测定矿物中稀有元素Nb、Ta、Th、Zr的质量分数。使用干扰元素数校正谱线重迭干扰,内标和经验系数法校正元素间的吸收-增强效应。方法用于实际样品测定,结果与化学法相符,10次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为:Nb2O5为1.19%,Ta2O5为7.31%,ThO2为4.23%,ZrO2为0.35%。     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中锌砷锰

应用X射线荧光光谱仪测定铁矿石中的锌、砷、锰含量,采用粉末压片法制样,并研究了制样的条件,确定了仪器最佳参数,建立了标准曲线。经国家实物标准铁矿石样品验证,测定值与标准值吻合,三元素的偏差均小于±0.007%;精密度试验表明相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于2.80%。大量实验数据表明,压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锌、砷、锰元素的精密度高,准确可靠。该方法在检测准确度和分析速度上可以满足钢厂生产要求。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of