油气化探荧光指标量化方法初探

选择适当的芳烃标准物质,采用标准曲线法,对油气化探样品荧光光谱测试中320nm,360nm,405nm波长处的荧光强度指标进行量化处理,把相对荧光强度转换为某标准物质的浓度值,从而改进了该测试技术并使油气化探荧光指标具有了传递性、可比性。     

油气化探样品前处理条件对稠环芳烃测定结果的影响

在油气化探工作中,稠环芳烃含量对区域油气异常有着重要的指示作用。对于稠环芳烃的测定,诸多前处理条件对稠环芳烃的提取效率有显著的影响。本文研究了油气化探样品振荡提取法的多种前处理条件(提取溶剂、样品粒径、振荡时间和静置时间、提取温度)对荧光强度测定结果的影响。实验结果表明,提取溶剂不同,测定结果存在较大差异,各提取溶剂的提取效率大小依次为:二氯甲烷正己烷乙酸乙酯石油醚。综合考虑溶剂背景值对测定结果的影响,选择以正己烷为提取溶剂进行条件实验。在研究的粒径范围内,荧光强度随样品粒径的减小而增大,但粒径过小荧光强度反而降低,粒径在0.125~0.090 mm之间的样品荧光强度最高;荧光强度随着振荡时间和静置时间的增加而增强,其中静置时间的影响较大,静置9 h后荧光强度提高不显著;振荡时间的影响相对较小,振荡20 min后提取效率提高不显著;提取温度对荧光强度的影响最为显著,在相同条件下,提取温度越高荧光强度越大,且提取温度是影响稠环芳烃测定结果重现性的关键因素。油气化探样品前处理的最优化条件为:采用粒径在0.090~0.177 mm之间的样品,以色谱纯正己烷为溶剂,提取温度25℃,振荡时间20 min,静置时间12 h。     

加速溶剂萃取技术在油气化探样品稠环芳烃测定前处理中的应用

油气化探样品测定芳烃物质的提取方法通常采用振荡提取,在实际的样品测试过程中,这种前处理方法效率较低,得到的提取液用于分析测定的结果重现性较差。本文对油气化探样品稠环芳烃的提取方法进行改进,采用加速溶剂萃取技术,对实际样品进行试验,考察了压力、静态萃取时间和萃取温度对稠环芳烃萃取效率的影响,确定最佳的萃取条件为: 萃取压力8.3 MPa,静态时间5 min,萃取温度80 ℃。对比了加速溶剂萃取与传统振荡提取应用于油气化探样品前处理的提取效率,证实了加速溶剂萃取技术可以显著提高萃取效率,稠环芳烃的荧光强度提高60.5%~152.6%,方法的稳定性好,测定结果的精密度高,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)低于4%。加速溶剂萃取技术优于传统振荡法,更能满足油气化探样品分析测试的准确度与精密度要求,可以应用于油气化探样品前处理过程。     

紫外分光光度法分析油气化探样品中芳烃及其衍生物类化合物

应用紫外分光光度法分析芳烃及芳烃衍生物,以苯、萘、菲3种物质作为代表性物质,选用正己烷为溶剂,在5个特征波长下测试物质的吸光强度.检出限为12.9×10^-9~20.5×10^-9,空白加标准确度为98.9%~101.4%,精密度为3.73%~4.51%,实际样品的加标回收分析基本满足要求.在分析测试方法上做了优化,对环境污染小,对人体毒害低,安全性高,既缩减了成本又提高了效率.该方法的准确度精密度高,简便易行,可满足地质行业分析测试的要求,适用于油气化探样品中芳烃类的大批量集中分析测试.     

HPLC-DAD-FD联用检测油气化探样品的芳烃

在成功实现HP1090型高效液相色谱仪(拥有DAD)和LS50型荧光分光光度计连接的基础上,建立了一套适合于检测油气化探样品中芳烃组分的高效液相色谱分析方法,大大提高了检测方法的选择性和灵敏度.该技术不仅解决了油气化探样品中芳烃组分的定性定量问题,提高了油气预测的准确性,而且也可在油与油、油与源对比,探索油气运移特征等有机地球化学研究中发挥重要作用.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

应用加速溶剂萃取气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃。确定了二氯甲烷-丙酮(体积比1:1)作为提取溶剂,方法检出限为0.10～3.90ng/g,加标回收率为72.6%～123.5%。方法检出限较低,精密度好,适用于土壤样品中多环芳烃的分析。     

东营凹陷原油、储层吸附烃全扫描荧光特征与应用

应用全扫描荧光分析(TSF、QGF-E)技术对东营凹陷沙河街组40个原油、15个储层包裹烃、39个储层砂吸附烃的三维荧光特征进行了定性与定量分析。分析表明,原油与包裹烃的TSF指纹特征总体相似,均为单峰型,指示油气成因具有内在的联系。观察到不同原油TSF强度峰宽与最高值有异,低成熟度样品往往具有较高的TSF强度及较宽的峰。进一步分析表明,原油TSF最高强度、TSF定量参数R1[270nm(Em360nm/Em320nm)]、R2[260nm(Em360nm/Em320nm)]与生物标志物成熟度参数C29甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)、Ts/(Tm+Ts)等有较好的线性正相关性,反映TSF荧光指纹特征及其定量参数可作为一种温标用于热成熟度分析。应用TSF技术确认东营凹陷中央隆起带原油成熟度具有自西南向东北逐渐降低的变化规律,其反映了油源与油气充注方面的重要信息。对东营凹陷牛庄洼陷两口井的储层砂的QGF-E分析表明,颗粒样品所在层段的烃类含量普遍较高,反映致密薄层砂、微裂缝等可能为该洼陷岩性油气藏重要的隐蔽型油气运移通道。TSF、QGF-E技术在油气族群、储层含油气性、油气运移路径与油层识别等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药

建立了用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中16种多环芳烃和19种有机氯农药的分析方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度和时间、凝胶渗透色谱收集时间、固相萃取洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积等条件。16种多环芳烃的方法检出限在0.15~0.59 ng/g,加标回收率为82%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.1%~4.5%。19种有机氯农药的方法检出限在0.14~2.23 ng/g,加标回收率为71%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%~4.5%。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果较好,能够满足沉积物样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分析要求。     

气相色谱法测定油气化探样品中酸解烃的研究

本文通过改进传统制备酸解烃样品的单套脱气装置,采用多套酸解烃脱气装置,建立了自动进样-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定油气化探样品中酸解烃的分析方法,并对主要仪器分析条件及质量监控方法进行了讨论。结果表明,样品在真空40℃水浴条件下酸解反应10 min,酸解烃脱出气储存于密封瓶中供气相色谱检测,方法检出限为0.007~0.057μL/kg,精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.8%~1.1%。对105件样品2次独立测试结果的相对偏差为0.01%~19.66%,平均值为7.81%(以甲烷计算)。该方法能够满足油气化探酸解烃样品分析的质量要求,并在天然气水合物勘查中取得了较好的应用效果。     

环境样品中16种多环芳烃分析方法研究

采用超声提取,固相小柱净化,高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外二极管阵列检测器串联的方法测定水、土壤、植物中16种多环芳烃含量。用正交法优化了固相萃取条件,并通过选择最佳荧光激发和发射光谱波长提高了荧光检测的灵敏度。仪器检出限0.02～8.15ug/L,方法精密度1.38%～7.59%,线性范围0.2～300ug/L,相关系数>0.999 1,样品加标回收率75.1%～96.3%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with