福建省地震局地震地下流体前兆观测现状与“十五”数字化改造进展

本文主要介绍我省地震地下流体前兆观测台网的现状 ,并对已完成地下流体前兆观测“十五”数字化改造的台站和测项进行分析 ,阐述了地下流体数字化改造中存在的问题。     

福建地震地下流体工作的现状与展望

福建地下流体工作主要存在观测水点监测能力退化、监测队伍建设有待加强 ,学科管理相对滞后三方面问题。“十五”期间福建地震地下流体观测技术的发展方向 :1 井网布局以优化为主 ,注意控制台网的整体规模 ;2 提高现有骨干台站的综合观测能力 ;3 加强流体“气”、“热”及物理意义较明确的测项方面的实验研究观测。     

福州地区地震地下流体观测井水位映震能力分析

福州地区目前有9口地震地下流体数字化综合观测井,主要测项有水位、水温;辅助测项有气压、降雨量。几年来,仪器运行正常,观测资料连续可靠,尤其是水位测项对于省内及其沿海4级以上地震以及远震有明显的震后效应本文着重探讨这些观测井对智利8．8级地震的反应能力。     

数字化前兆观测资料收集、处理工作中的体会

数字化地震前兆台网每天都要产出大量的观测数据,为保证这些数据能为地震监测预报提供更丰富的信息,每日的数字化前兆观测资料收集、整理、质量控制、数据备份入库等工作尤其重要。本文就日常数字化前兆观测资料收集、处理工作谈几点体会。     

印尼海啸地震的钻孔应力应变观测资料

钻孔应力-应变地震前兆观测台网，是全国地震前兆监测台网的一个组成部分。该手段由于美国板块边界观测（PBO）项目的影畸，正在日益受到人们的重视（邱泽华等，2002；邱泽华等，2004a；邱泽华等，2004）。钻孔应力-应变观测对象包括：体应变、分量应变、分量应力和差应变。目前登记在册并正常运行的钻孔应力一应变地震前兆监测台站共计45个，分布于14个省、自治区和直辖市。有的台站有多种观测项目，例如昌平台，作为钻孔应力-应变综合观测台，曾经有5～6种钻孔应力-应变观测项目，目前有体应变、压容分量应变和差应变三种观测。目前正常运行的观测项目共有49个。     

合肥数字地震遥测台网观测系统的设计与应用

本文主要描述了合肥数字地震遥测台网观测系统的技术原理和设计过程。认为根据台网功能和技术环境,建设一个全无线的数字地震遥测台网(由数字遥测台、数字中继站、中网接收处理中心组成)是可能的。     

滇西北兰坪铅锌银铜矿田含烃富CO_2成矿流体及其地质意义

在流体包裹体显微冷热台系统观测基础上,通过显微激光拉曼探针揭示出兰坪中—新生代盆地内金顶及外围矿床成矿主阶段原生流体包裹体含烃富CO_2,成分变化大。流体成分的耦合关系研究,并配合O、C同位素分析认为成矿流体中部分CO_2来自地幔,部分是沉积地层中碳酸盐岩和有机质分解成因,H_2O和烃主要起源于大气成因盆地卤水和地层有机质。地幔源CO_2对贱金属元素的搬运可能贡献突出,而烃类对金属元素的沉淀意义重大。成矿流体成分具有幔源(富CO_2和金属元素)和壳源(盆地流体富烃类和H_2O)两种流体混合的特征,暗示不同性质流体的混合可能是成矿作用基本方式。     

RZB-1型电容式钻孔应变仪四川台网工作概况及地震预报实践

本文介绍了RZB-1型电容式钻孔应变仪在四川台网建设和台站工作的概况。20世纪90年代中期至本世纪初,该测量系统所在台站取得的观测资料对应了台网附近多次地震(中、强震及部分较小地震)震前、震时的各种异常。利用这些观测资料进行的地震预报实践,取得了良好的科研和社会效益。     

“十五”期间福建区域数字强震观测系统建设

本文介绍十五期间福建省将要实施建设的数字强震观测台网 ,着重从项目的必要性和方案的可行性方面进行论述 ,同时结合福建省的地震监测台网现状进行系统的设计。力求建成的强震观测系统能初步实现福建省属重点城市的地震烈度速报及典型场地强地震动记录获取双重功能 ,增强福建省的地震监测能力 ,为福建省地震灾害的减轻、有效救灾措施的实施以及防震减灾规划的制定提供基础依据 ;同时 ,也将为其他省市区域数字强震观测台网的建立提供示范样板     

基于EMR方法的内蒙古测震台网监测能力

为考察内蒙古及邻区地震监测能力的时空分布特征,并为该地区的地球科学研究和测震台网的进一步优化布局提供科学参考,根据内蒙古测震台网发展的各历史阶段,分析了地震定位台站数据和台站张角的时空分布,并采用完整性震级范围(EMR)方法,研究了最小完整性震级Mc的时空分布特征.结果表明,台站张角和台站数的时空演化能够定性、客观地反映内蒙古测震台网台站数量由少到多,地震监测能力由弱到强逐步完善的发展过程.而EMR方法给出的Mc时空分布,可定量描述内蒙古测震台网各历史时期Mc时空的监测能力变化.结果显示,1990—2001年的模拟记录期间,呼和浩特地区Mc值约为ML2.0,与蒙古交界地区可达ML3.0以上.2002—2007年的模拟和数字化并行期间,内蒙古中西部以及与外省交界地区监测能力有所提升.2008—2012年的"十五"数字台网运行期间,测震台网的建设有效克服了行政区划狭长、台站布局不合理的现状,绝大多数地区ML2.2以上地震基本完整.相关研究将为内蒙古地区地震观测系统的进一步优化布局、地震观测产品用于地震预测预报研究和地震危险性分析提供重要的参考依据.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)