鲁南流磁测网资料二次拟合初探

本文收集了山东省南部地区1982—1990年流动地磁观测资料。应用二次拟合数学方法,分析了该地区地磁场的变化特征和区域地磁场、局部地磁场的变化。结果表明:分析研究鲁南地区区域地磁场、局部地磁场的变化与其附近地震的关系是有实际意义的。文中还指出了存在地磁变化灵敏点的可能。     

闽赣交界地区流动地磁变化特征与地震关系的分析

利用1990年以来闽赣交界地区流动地磁观测资料,分析研究1990年以来发生的地震与地磁异常变化的关系。结果表明,闽赣交界地区流动地磁变化与该地区的地震存在一定的对应关系,在震前一年内出现异常,表现出地磁场变化的群体性和同向性的特征,震级越大,震磁异常关系越显著。     

应用灰色系统理论估计辽南地震的危险性

本文应用灰色系统理论的灾变预测方法,估计了辽南地震的危险性,认为辽南地区有可能在1990—2010年进入一个新的地震活跃期,将发生5—6级以上地震。     

剑川5.3级地震的地磁变化

剑川地震前流动地磁重复测量结果表明:在震中的北东、南西两侧地磁场总强度发生了明显的有规律的变化。本文概述了流动地磁的工作方法、资料处理和观测精度,通过资料分析,认为地磁场总强度的变化有下降—回升—发震的特征,地磁场变化的原因与地震的孕育过程有关。     

辽南地区重力变化与地震活动的研究

本文根据近年来多期流动重力监测资料，对辽南地区重力场时空变化特征进行分析研究，认为该区重力场时空变化与地震活动存在着一定的关系。     

苍山5.2级地震与地磁场总强度异常变化

对苍山５．２级地震前后鲁南流动地磁观测网地磁场总强度的变化进行了分析，研究，认为该地区磁场总强度的异常是苍山５．２级地地震的前兆反映，而且震中处于地磁场变异带附近。     

福建东南部地磁场变化与闽台地震活动的关系

本文利用１９７７－１９８７年福建地区地磁测量与五个台站的地磁资料，分析了地磁场总强度的变化，研究了地磁异常变化与闽台地震活动的关系，结果表明，福建东南部地区１９８３－１９８９年地磁场总强度呈上升趋势，其平均年度变化率约为２０ｎＴ／年，且存在长期变化的局部差异性。对于１９８７年８月２日江西省寻乌Ｍ＝５．６级地震，在离震中约１０ｋｍ的寻乌测点上观测到约１３ｎＴ的震磁信息；对于台湾及其邻区发生的Ｍ≥６．     

辽宁省海城M4.4地震地磁异常ΔF的观测与分析

利用2017年度辽宁省流动地磁测区40个地磁观测点所得的流动地磁总场数据,结合2017年12月19日辽宁海城M4.4地震发生前后流动地磁监测结果,分析地磁场出现的邻期差值局部异常特征,在研究地磁时序变化和地磁前兆异常后,认定该区域地磁场总强度的异常是海城M4.4地震的前兆异常,得到了该地震与地磁场异常活动的关联。     

琼中地磁台以磁报震方法探索

通过对海南低纬度地区地磁场垂直分量的特殊变化与海南岛及其邻近地区地震活动的对比分析,并结合实用化攻关成果,总结出一套利用琼中地磁台垂直分量１１年变化周期、相关系数Ｒ值变化曲线和日变化“双低点”异常预报海南岛及其邻近地区地震活动的方法。     

井下地震观测试验的一些结果

一、前言我国是一个多地震的国家,地震活动区比较分散。近年,在东部沿海平原地区,地震发生比较频繁。如1966年华北平原的邢台地震;1975年2月4日辽南(营口)地震等。由于平原地区人口比较稠密。随着我国社会主义建设事业的     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.