玉树县结古镇某水电站滑坡成因分析及治理探讨

首先根据滑坡病害段的地形地貌、地层岩性和变形活动等特征,对滑坡的形成机制进行了分析,其次对其滑带土的物力力学参数及以及滑坡的稳定性进行了评价,最后根据滑坡机理及稳定性提出了截排水、抗滑桩支挡和锚索框架加固等综合治理措施,可为类似工程治理提供借鉴。     

浙江省玄武岩台地稳定性评价:以嵊州市地雅园滑坡为例

玄武岩台地型滑坡是一种特殊的滑坡类型，此前对其稳定性的研究较少。以嵊州市地雅园滑坡为研究对象，采用三维数值模拟的方法进行了稳定性分析评价，首先基于详细的地质资料采用三维模拟软件进行了建模；然后基于P-Ⅲ型分布曲线确定了降雨重现期，分别采用岩土软件MIDAS进行了滑坡稳定性模拟与三维运动模拟平台DAN3D软件进行了滑坡影响范围计算；最后对影响地雅园滑坡稳定性的因子进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:不同降雨强度对地雅园滑坡稳定性的影响不同，最不利工况为百年一遇降雨工况，此时滑坡稳定性系数为0.946，破坏概率为65.25%，影响范围最大增加了36.83%；内摩擦角和降雨是影响地雅园滑坡稳定性的主要因子。分析原因认为玄武岩台地型滑坡稳定性主要与硅藻土滑带、节理裂隙面的发育情况、降雨入渗滞后性有明显的相关性。本研究成果可为同类滑坡稳定性评价提供参考依据。      

玉树结古镇结古寺滑坡综合分析研究

以受玉树"4·14"地震影响的结古镇结古寺滑坡为例,根据滑坡地质背景和基本特征,详细分析了控制滑坡变形的影响因素。并运用工程实践对桩板墙工程开挖的所揭露的滑体、滑带、滑床特征进行了对比分析,验证了前期勘查、物探解译成果,分析了动态信息法施工在本工程的应用,总结了在震后特殊环境条件下进行悬壁式桩板墙施工工艺经验。通过施工期、试运行期监测和工程质量检测,对治理效果进行了初步评价,桩板墙工程对该滑坡治理有效,目前滑坡处于稳定状态,保障了坡顶和坡脚建筑物安全,为今后该类滑坡治理工程提供了借鉴。     

土坡稳定性的极限分析方法

本文应用塑性力学中的极限分析法原理，建立了滑动面为折线时的土坡稳定性极限分析公式。通过工程实例证明，该公式具有使用简便、可靠性强等优点。它对于评价斜坡的稳定性，合理地进行滑坡治理等，都具有实际意义。     

日照市莒县南涧村滑坡地质灾害稳定性评价及治理方法

通过对日照市莒县南涧村滑坡体地质灾害的稳定性分析评价计算,探讨分析了该处地质灾害的特征及现状特点,并就南涧滑坡地质灾害的治理方案进行了初步分析探讨,为日照市滑坡地质灾害的防治提供了理论基础资料。     

本溪市后湖滑坡治理意见

在对本溪市后湖滑坡地质环境条件、滑坡结构特征及其稳定性分析的基础上，依据滑坡治理的目标与原则，提出了以预应力锚索为主剥离为辅的加固治理方案和以剥离为主排水为辅的剥离治理方案。通过方案比选确定采用控爆剥离方案，并对控制爆破保证施工安全提出了具体要求。同时，对剥岩后新形成的边坡稳定性进行了分析论证。     

恩施某滑坡的成因及稳定性分析

基于恩施境内一水库滑坡体的地质构造、工程地质、水文地质及滑坡特征,从地质环境角度分析该滑坡体的形成机制,并在此基础上对该滑坡体的稳定性进行了定性和定量分析,从本源上确定了滑坡体稳定性的特征,为后期治理提供依据。     

青海玛多花石峡危岩发育特征与工程治理分析评价

本文通过工程实例详细分析了青海玛多花石峡危岩地质灾害发育特征,并对其稳定性进行评价,合理地实施了治理工程,针对26处危岩体采用了人工清除、预应力锚索锚固、浆砌石嵌补、截石沟、GPS-2型柔性菱形主动防护、RXI-100型柔性环形被动防护等综合工程治理措施。治理方法和成效显著,控制或改善了危岩体变形的主要因素,提高了危岩体的整体稳定性,保障了危岩地质灾害危险区人民生命财产安全,为青海省的危岩地质灾害防治工程起到示范作用。     

湖南省赫山区赵家塘滑坡稳定性评价及推力计算研究

随着社会经济的发展,人类工程活动日趋强烈,近年来地质灾害呈加剧趋势,严重危害人民群众生命财产安全和社会经济可持续发展。赵家塘滑坡为益阳市赫山区境内一小型浅层土质滑坡,本文通过对赵家塘滑坡的形态特征、变形特征及结构特征的分析,结合气象水文、地质构造、工程地质、环境地质等方面条件,对赵家塘滑坡进行了稳定性评价与推力计算研究,并提出了具体的防治建议。     

基于滑带完整性指标的三峡库区堆积层滑坡失稳破坏判据

滑坡稳定性评价是滑坡防治中关键问题之一, 滑坡失稳破坏判据研究可为滑坡稳定性评价提供支持。为了提高滑坡稳定性评价的精度, 以滑坡深部位移监测数据为基础的滑坡失稳破坏判据不失为一种有效方法。基于滑坡深部位移监测数据, 引入滑带完整性指标, 推导得到了滑带完整性指标与滑坡抗剪强度参数之间呈正比例关系; 运用滑坡稳定性计算方法和三峡库区堆积层滑坡简化模型, 获得了滑带完整性指标与滑坡的稳定性系数之间呈正比例关系。建立了考虑滑带完整性指标的三峡库区堆积层滑坡失稳破坏判据, 即: 当滑坡滑带土完整性指标大于滑坡滑带土完整性指标的临界值时, 滑坡处于稳定状态; 当滑坡滑带土完整性指标小于滑坡滑带土完整性指标的临界值时, 滑坡发生失稳破坏。以三峡库区典型堆积层滑坡——五尺坝滑坡为例, 通过实例分析发现该判据具备可靠性, 对堆积层滑坡适用性好。研究成果表明, 滑带完整性指标失稳破坏判据可以用于评价滑坡的稳定状态, 为滑坡失稳破坏判据研究提供了一种新思路。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.