滇东北毛坪和会泽超大型铅锌矿床粗—巨晶碳酸盐岩成因及其找矿指示意义

云南毛坪和会泽铅锌矿床是川滇黔碳酸盐岩型铅锌成矿域的重要组成部分,是滇东北铅锌矿集区内两个最具代表性的超大型矿床。靠近铅锌矿体常见透镜状、囊状产出的蚀变围岩,因呈麻点状而被俗称为“麻石”,空间上与断裂、矿化结伴出现,是重要找矿标志。本文以这种麻点状的蚀变围岩为主要研究对象,通过大比例尺坑道剖面精细测量、岩相分析、电子探针分析、X射线微区衍射分析、主量—微量元素分析,研究其物质组成、组构特征及形成过程。根据组构特征将蚀变围岩分为两类,Ⅰ类呈砂糖状,矿物颗粒主要为粗晶结构（0.5~1 mm）的白云石和方解石,被褐色伊利石等黏土矿物胶结;Ⅱ类呈斑点状,矿物颗粒主要为巨晶结构（1~3 mm）的方解石和白云石,重结晶现象明显,被黑色泥质和有机质胶结。通过手标本观察、镜下鉴定和综合分析,将Ⅰ类蚀变围岩定名为弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩,Ⅱ类蚀变围岩定名为去白云石化巨晶灰岩。两类蚀变围岩的主量元素特征相比,Ⅰ类中SiO2、Al2O3、K2O含量较高。微量元素特征显示两类蚀变围岩中主要矿化元素（Zn、Pb）明显富集。稀土元素特征显示,Ⅰ类中稀土元素含量均高于Ⅱ类,其中Ⅱ类与矿化白云岩稀土元素特征相似。两类蚀变围岩是同一流体系统不同阶段的产物,构建其成岩作用模式：弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩（Ⅰ类）的原岩为钙质泥岩,高盐度卤水下渗,在岩性界面处与泥岩和白云岩反应形成泥质白云岩,沉积稳定后受构造运动影响,热液流体沿断裂上升,在有利地段形成泥质白云岩大理岩化（结构上改变）;去白云石化巨晶灰岩（Ⅱ类）比弱大理岩化粗晶泥质白云岩（Ⅰ类）蚀变更强烈,经历矿化、大理岩化作用和去白云石化（结构和成分上改变）而形成。综合分析认为两类蚀变围岩与铅锌矿体在时间、空间、成矿物质和成矿流体等方面都具有密切的成因联系,提出大理岩化、去白云石化作用对该类矿床成矿与找矿均具有重要的指示意义。     

基于光谱特征空间的苏必利尔湖型铁矿高光谱遥感蚀变信息提取方法

由于境外铁矿床位置偏远, 现场研究困难, 旨在探讨苏必利尔湖型铁矿的高光谱遥感蚀变信息提取方法, 为境外找矿提供依据.鉴于传统蚀变信息提取方法的局限性, 研究了在二维光谱特征空间中提取蚀变信息的方法.高光谱影像经主成分变换后, 包含较多地物信息的两个主成分的二维光谱特征空间体现了各向异性的特点, 不同地物的聚类常呈类似椭圆分布.在蚀变信息的聚类椭圆中圈定散点, 并应用波谱特征拟合, 将异常散点的平均光谱与美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey, USGS)光谱库中的矿物光谱匹配, 确定蚀变矿物类型.以苏必利尔湖型铁矿——巴西Aguas Claras铁矿区为例, 提取了赤铁矿、绿泥石等蚀变矿物, 结果表明矿物的类型和分布与该区地质概况吻合.      

矿物蚀变区典型地物光谱特征初步研究——以内蒙古突泉县-扎鲁特旗成矿带为例

文章基于野外的实测光谱数据,对岩石、土壤和植被的光谱反射特征以及它们在统计空间的分布关系进行分析研究,总结中等植被覆盖的矿物蚀变区典型地物的光谱反射特征以及不同地物在光谱空间的分布规律,为矿物的遥感蚀变信息提取提供一定的科学依据,有利于改进蚀变信息提取的方法。     

甘肃北山南带岩(矿)石波谱特征的初步研究

依据前人有关资料,初步研究总结了甘肃北山南带主要岩（矿）石反射波谱曲线特征及地质意义,探讨区内与金矿化密切相关的岩石、构造及热流蚀变带在遥感图像上的主要特征及解译标志,指出该地区ＴＭ图像彩色合成最佳波段组合模式为：ＴＭ７（红）＋ＴＭ５（绿）＋ＴＭ４（蓝）,为进行图像功能处理和计算机提取蚀变信息等遥感技术方法的应用研究提供了依据     

胜利油气区有机包裹体研究及其在油气勘探中的应用

应用显生光度术，显微傅立叶红外光谱（Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴ．ＩＲ）和飞行时间二次离子质谱（ＴＯＦ－ＳＩＭＳ）等原位微分析技术并结合均一温度测量对胜利油气区下第三系沙河街组沙三段中有机包裹体进行了研究，区分出两类有机包裹体，即原生有机包裹体和次生有机包裹体，结果表明两类有机包裹体特征不同，二者物质组成，有机质成分及化学结构，热演化程度差别也较大，结合地质分析表明原生有机包裹体是沙三段烃源岩生成烃类运移产物     

相山铀矿化蚀变矿物组合的成像光谱特征识别

蚀变矿物组合对热液型铀矿勘探具有重要的指示意义。相对于航空或航天成像光谱,地面成像光谱在小范围矿床尺度的蚀变精细识别方面更具优势。为研究江西相山铀矿化热液蚀变组合特征,利用HySpex地面成像光谱仪获取可见光-近红外-短波红外波段的钻孔岩心成像光谱数据,针对铀矿化的两种基本类型——水云母-萤石型和碱交代型,分别从蚀变单矿物和蚀变矿物组合两个角度分析和提取他们的诊断性光谱特征,建立了光谱识别标志。发现伊利石具有光谱多型特征,按特征波长位置分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类。水云母-萤石型铀矿化蚀变组合包含高岭石、高岭石+地开石、蒙脱石和Ⅰ型伊利石,碱交代型铀矿化蚀变组合包含绿泥石、碳酸盐、绿蒙混层、赤铁矿和Ⅱ型伊利石;基于光谱匹配模型和岩心填图结果对两类铀矿化段蚀变结构进行了分析,铀矿化中心由近及远分别具有蒙脱石→Ⅰ型伊利石→高岭石+地开石→高岭石和碳酸盐→赤铁矿+绿泥石→绿蒙混层→Ⅱ型伊利石的分布特征,均存在流体的叠置改造作用;通过岩心成像光谱编录及三维建模表明,两类伊利石具有空间上的上、下分带特点,这预示着两种铀矿化亦具有相似的空间分布特征。上述研究为相山地区进一步找矿勘探提供了一定参考。     

比值—特征主成分混合分析提取金矿蚀变信息：以赣南遂川地区为例

在分析与金矿有关的两类蚀变岩的ＴＭ波谱特征的基础上,以赣南遂川地区为实验区,利用比值－特征主成分混合分析进行了金矿蚀变岩信息提取,为找矿预测和野外工作指明了方向。     

胶东金矿床围岩蚀变带内云母类矿物、矿物化学-多型系列及其找矿信息

对胶东15个金放床围岩蚀变带内30个云母类矿物的地质产状，空间分带，与矿化关系地质调查基础上，着重对各类型金矿床蚀变带内云母类矿物进行了单矿物提纯，矿物化学定量分析，物理性质鉴定，X光衍射分析，差热分析，红外吸收光谱分析，晶格常数计算，形成条件等方面的系统研究，确定了蚀变岩带内有9种云母类矿物，5个矿物化学－多型系列，新鉴定出5种云母类矿物，绿鳞石（Celadonite),铁绿鳞石（Ferian Celadonite)，铁铝绿磷石（Ferian-Alumino Celadonite)，铝绿鳞石（Alumino Celadonite)和伊利石（Illite)，总结了云母类矿物各系列的演化特征，查明了金矿床各蚀变－矿化带内所出现的云母类矿物晕，指出了各云母类矿物晕的找矿信息。     

黄陵地区中生代含煤岩系油气与铀成矿的耦合关系

为了明确黄陵地区中生代含煤岩系油气与铀成矿的耦合关系,进行了钻孔与剖面的野外地质调查、钻孔资料与实验数据的分析与处理、油气藏与铀矿（点）信息的综合整理,系统研究了中生代含煤岩系构造–沉积体系、铀矿地质特征和油气地质特征,从油气藏与铀矿（点）的空间分布关系、含烃流体与铀的伴生蚀变矿物的成因关系以及烃源岩生烃与铀成矿的时间关系展开讨论。研究表明:中生代含煤岩系铀矿（点）多分布在基岩剥蚀边界或小型断裂附近,且水平投影位于油气有利相带周缘;烃类流体组分及煤层气的中间产物可能参与氧化还原反应,生成黄铁矿、方解石等与铀矿物具有密切伴生关系的矿物;中生代含煤岩系烃源岩主生烃期和排烃期总体早于铀矿主成矿期,烃类流体可能通过运移影响铀成矿作用。      

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长地区直罗组后生蚀变特征研究

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地彬长地区直罗组后生蚀变特征进行系统研究,认为彬长地区中侏罗统直罗组存在早期紫红色氧化蚀变和晚期灰白色、灰绿色还原褪色蚀变两种蚀变类型。早期氧化蚀变的主要蚀变矿物为微粒状褐铁矿和褐铁矿集合体,而晚期灰白色、灰绿色褪色还原蚀变的蚀变矿物主要为黄铁矿、绿泥石以及部分残留未完全氧化的炭屑。研究区直罗组蚀变在垂向上分带明显,在垂向上铀矿化主要受灰绿色褪色蚀变砂体与原生灰色砂体的过渡部位控制,铀矿物主要为铀石,常分布于炭屑中且与黄铁矿伴（共）生;平面上,铀矿化产于氧化—还原过渡带内。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)