近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的研究

采用室内实验生态学方法研究近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度13~33℃范围内,近江牡蛎的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体重(W)均呈负相关,可用Y=aW-b表示。耗氧率和温度的关系可表示为RO=-c+b1t-b2 t2,耗氧率为0.626~2.354 mg.g-1.h-1;在温度13~28℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。排氨率与温度的关系可表示为RN=c1e d1t,排氨率为0.075~0.318 mg.g-1.h-1,且随温度的升高,排氨率呈持续升高趋势。近江牡蛎呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.631~3.399和1.046~2.288。在28℃,不同规格近江牡蛎呼吸氧原子数与排出氨氮原子数的比值(nO/nN)均达到最大值。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。近江牡蛎的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高46.8%和67.7%。     

温度和体质量对胭脂鱼鱼种耗氧率的影响

采用流水式的密封装置测定了胭脂鱼鱼种在18~30℃温度范围内的耗氧率,结果表明,在实验温度范围内,胭脂鱼鱼种耗氧率随温度上升逐渐升高,符合函数关系:y=-0.000 8 x2+0.044 0 x-0.438 1,R2=0.990 6。胭脂鱼鱼种耗氧率昼夜变化测定实验表明,其昼均耗氧率(0.204 2±0.011 0)mg?g-1?h-1,略低于夜均耗氧率(0.205 7±0.012 2)mg?g-1?h-1,二者差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05),表明胭脂鱼鱼种耗氧率并不存在明显的昼夜节律。在不同实验温度下,随着胭脂鱼鱼种规格的增大,其耗氧率均呈下降趋势。     

盐度对莫荷罗非鱼幼鱼呼吸和氨氮排泄的影响

将莫荷罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus×O.urolepis hornorum)幼鱼养殖水体盐度从淡水渐变至12、18、24、30(每天提升6)等4个目标盐度,利用间歇式呼吸仪分析幼鱼在目标盐度下5、10、15、20 d时的呼吸和氨氮排泄的变化。结果表明,在实验前期,莫荷罗非鱼幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率随盐度的升高而增加,各盐度处理组均在5 d时升到最大值,之后开始下降,下降时间、幅度与外界盐度有关。盐度12、18组幼鱼耗氧率10 d时下降至对照组水平,20 d时低于对照组水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);盐度24、30组幼鱼耗氧率则在15 d时下降至对照组水平并维持稳定;幼鱼排氨率随实验时间的延长,各盐度处理组幼鱼排氨率呈先上后下降的变化,盐度24、30组幼鱼排氨率在15 d下降并维持在对照组水平,盐度12、18组幼鱼排氨率在15 d时下降至对照组水平并于20 d时低于其他盐度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。莫荷罗非鱼幼鱼适应新盐度环境后,盐度18组的耗氧率、排氨率最低,与盐度12组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与其他盐度处理组有差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),推测其等渗点在盐度12~18之间。不同盐度条件下,氧氮比值介于18.810~24.216间,氨熵介于0.083~0.108间,表明莫荷罗非鱼幼鱼主要依靠蛋白质和脂肪氧化供能。     

盐度对不同规格九孔鲍耗氧量和排氨率的影响

【目的】探讨盐度对不同规格九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)耗氧量和排氨率的影响。【方法】采用实验室生态学方法,测定7种盐度下(21、24、27、30、33、36和40)3种规格[干质量(1.53±0.14)、(1.11±0.23)和(0.68±0.20)g]九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率。【结果】(1)盐度在21～36时,耗氧率随着盐度的上升而增大;盐度为36时,3种规格九孔鲍的耗氧率均达到最大值;当盐度大于36时,耗氧率随盐度上升而下降,九孔鲍的耗氧率(R_O)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_O=a m~(-b),其中a的波动范围在0.412～1.216之间,平均值为0.818±0.286;b的波动范围在0.311～0.546之间,平均值为0.446±0.074;(2)排氨率在实验盐度范围内呈持续升高趋势,排氨率(R_N)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_N=c m~(-d),其中c的波动范围在0.174～0.621之间,平均值为0.330±0.154;d的波动范围在0.439～0.668之间,平均值为0.521±0.084;(3)相同盐度下,九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率随干质量的增大而显著减小(P <0.05),且耗氧率和排氨率与干质量均符合R=a m~(-b)模型;(4)九孔鲍的规格对O/N比值影响不显著(P> 0.05),当盐度为40时,O/N值显著降低。【结论】盐度、规格及两者间的交互作用均对九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。     

温度对橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响

在室内实验条件下研究了温度对不同规格橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明, 15~30℃下,橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率为大规格组均小于小规格组。耗氧率和排氨率与橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)呈现明显的幂函数关系。在实验温度(15~30℃)范围内,随温度的上升,橄榄蛏蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均先逐渐增加,后随之下降,两者的高峰值分别出现在25℃和20℃。耗氧率(O)、排氨率(N)与温度(T)和橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-0 .651 3+0. 053 2T+0. 107 3W,N=32. 162 6-1. 056 6T+1 .322 2W。二方程复相关系数r分别为0 .964 2和0 .892 1;F检验分别为极显著和显著。     

干露胁迫对文蛤滤水率及呼吸排泄的影响

以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)成贝为实验材料,研究了干露不同时间对文蛤存活、摄食和代谢的影响。采用静水实验测定干露1、2、3 d后文蛤的滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率。结果显示,随干露时间延长,文蛤的失水率和死亡率逐渐升高,分别满足曲线方程y=0.000 5 x~2+0.099 1 x+0.350 2和y=0.003 1 x~2+0.229 0 x-2.426 2;干露胁迫对文蛤的滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率都有显著影响(P0.05);干露2 d的文蛤放入水中12 h后开口滤食,干露3 d的文蛤放回水中24 h后才开壳滤食。干露胁迫后文蛤的耗氧率均显著升高(P0.05),各干露组96 h降至对照组水平;排氨率呈先降低后升高的趋势,各干露组96 h均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。氧氮比值显示文蛤主要以脂肪和碳水化合物为供能物质。结果表明,文蛤通过提高代谢水平应对干露胁迫,导致死亡率上升,高温下文蛤运输时间应控制在3 d内。     

盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响

利用室内实验生态学方法研究不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾的呼吸和排泄的影响.结果表明:不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(p <0.05).盐度为18~34时,波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率先下降再升高,盐度26和30时较小,耗氧率分别为0.1305±0.0105 mg/(g·h)和0.1314±0.0052 mg/(g·h),排氨率分别为0.1733±0.0039 mg/(g·h)和0.1724±0.0044 mg/(g·h).波纹龙虾耗氧量(MO)和排氨量(MN)与体质量(m)呈正相关,而耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体质量呈负相关,其关系式可表示为:MO =1.4921 m 0.4190和MN=1.1295 m 0.6988;RO=2.9333 m -0.7343和RN=1.1291 m -0.3011.     

温度对橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响

在室内实验条件下研究了温度对不同规格橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明，15～30℃下，橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率为大规格组均小于小规格组。耗氧率和排氨率与橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)呈现明显的幂函数关系。在实验温度(15～30℃)范围内，随温度的上升，橄榄蛏蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均先逐渐增加，后随之下降，两者的高峰值分别出现在25℃和20℃。耗氧率(0)、排氨率(N)与温度(T)和橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(N)的二元线性回归方程分别为：D=-0．6513 0．0532T 0．1073W，N=32．1626-1．0566T 1．3222W。二方程复相关系数r分别为0．9642和0．8921；F检验分别为极显著和显著。     

体重和温度对马氏珠母贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。结果表明:在温度13～33℃范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与体重呈负相关,可用Y=aW表示;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝-b的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降,而排氨率在此温度范围内则呈持续升高趋势;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝呼吸和排泄Q10值分别为1.51～2.71和1.03～2.73,且在该温度范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值范围为7.29～13.14。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。马氏珠母贝的日常代谢高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高40.8%和59.1%。     

温度对管角螺Hemifusus tuba(Gelin)耗氧率和排氨率的影响

设置5个温度梯度(14、19、24、29、34℃),海水盐度为32,研究温度和规格对管角螺Hemifusustuba(Gelin)耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:14～29℃范围内,管角螺耗氧率随温度的升高,29℃时达到最大值;14～34℃范围内,排氨率随温度的升高而增加。在相同温度下,耗氧率和排氨率随单位软体部干重的增加而下降,管角螺软体部干重(W)与单位体重耗氧率(OR)、排氨率(NR)之间的关系分别符合幂函数方程OR=aW-b、NR=cW-d,W与OR、NR呈负相关关系。     

Study on the metabolism of two dominant copepods: Calanoides acutus and Metridia gerlachei collected in summer from the marginal ice zone of the Prydz Bay, Antarctica

Metabolic rates (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) of two dominant copepods, Calanoides acutus and Metridia gerlachei, were measured during the austral summer (December 1998 January 1999), in the marginal ice zone of the Prydz Bay. Their elemental compositions (C and N) were also analysed through these metabolic experiments. The results showed that C. acutus was 48.4% 48.6% of dry weight in carbon content and 6.1% 6.5% of dry weight in nitrogen content. Metridia gerlachei was 47.1% 50.1% and 5.9% 7.4%, relatively. Oxygen consumption rates of C. acutus were variant in the different areas (0.226 to 0.774 μlO2mg-1h-1). And its ammonia excretion rates ranged from 0.014 to 0.105 μgNmg-1h-1. The ratio between the rates (O∶N) exhibited a large difference(5 6 times). For Metridia gerlachei, oxygen consumption rates were 0.488 0.644 μlO2mg-1 and ammonia excretion rates were 0.015 0.034 μgNmg-1h-1. From the results of metabolic rate measurements and elemental analyses, daily losses of body carbon and nitrogen were estimated to be 0.59% 1.99% and 0.44% 3.27%, respectively. The metabolic carbon requirements accounted for 0.6% 29.2% of primary production per day, and their excretion of ammonia occupied 0.2% 38.0% of daily phytoplankton nitrogen demand.     

温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响

采用实验生态学方法,比较了温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响,按光裸星虫湿体质量设立了大规格(L组)、中规格(M组)和小规格(S组)3组,设立10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃共5个温度梯度。结果表明:(1)在15℃～25℃,3种规格的星虫的耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加,当温度升至30℃时,S组的耗氧率继续随温度的升高而增加,而L组和M组的耗氧率则出现下降的趋势。在相同温度条件下(10℃除外),3种规格的星虫耗氧率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下各组间的耗氧率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在温度15℃～30℃各组间的耗氧率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(2)在温度10℃～30℃,三种规格的星虫的排氨率都随着温度的升高而增加。在相同的温度条件下,3种规格的星虫排氨率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下,各组间的排氨率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在15℃～30℃时,各组间的排氨率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(3)方差分析结果表明,温度,体质量以及相互作用均对耗氧率和排氨率存在显著性影响(p<0.05)。     

IMPACT OF STARVATION ON SURVIVAL，MEAT CONDITION AND METABOLISM OF CHLAMYS FARRERI

The effects of 60-day starvation on survival rate. condition index (CI) , changes ofnutrient composition of different tissues, respiration and excretion of scallop ChlartnCs farreri were studiedin laboratory from Oct. 17 to Dec. 15 ,1997. Two groups (control and starvation with 200 individualseach) were cultured in two 2 m3 tanks, with 31 to 32 salinity water at 1 7 “C . Starvation effects were mea-sured alter 1 0, 20, 40 and 60 days. There was no mass mortality of scallops cf the two tanks and survivalrates of the control and starvation groups were 93 .5 % and 92.0 %, respectively. Starvation had strongeffect on the meat condition of the scallops, especially after 10 days; when relative lipid percentagedropped sharply while relative protein percentage increased. The impact of starvation on the oxygen consumption mtc (OCR) and the ammonia-N cxcretion mtc (AER) was obvious.     

Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and ammonia—N excretion ofChlamys farreri

Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia—N excretion rate of scallopChlamys farreri (1.7–6.2 cm in shell height) were studied in laboratory from Dec. 30,1996 to Jan. 28,1997. Under the controlled conditions of ambient water temperature 10–31°C and salinity 32, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ammonia—N were determined by the Winkle method and the hypobromite method, respectively. Results showed that the OCR ranged from 1.20 mg/g (DW) · h to 5.76 mg/g (DW) · h. The OCR increased with temperature from 10°C to 23°C, but at 28°C the OCR of mature individuals decreased, and that of different size scallops reduced at 31°C. The ammonia—N excretion rate ranged from 113.03 μg NH₄-N/g (DW) · h to 486.63 μg NH₄-N/g (DW) · h, and increased with temperature from 10°C to 31°C. Contribution No.3180 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by the National Commission of Science and Technology of China, Grant No.96-922-02-04.     

Metabolism of polychaete Neanthes japonica Izuka： relations to temperature, salinity and body weight

Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight (large: 2.34±0.36 g, middle: 1.50±0.21 g and small: 0.62±0.12 g) were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24°C decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18°C to 30°C, the oxygen consumption increased before 27°C and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O:N (oxygen/nitrogen) ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490233) and the Three-Gorge Project and the Estuarine Environment (No. SX2004-018) from the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee     

甲状腺素对斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼生长发育的影响

用4种不同浓度的甲状腺素(T4)分别浸泡斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼,研究T4对仔鱼发育、生长和存活的影响。结果表明,在孵化后24 h内,T4对仔鱼发育的促进作用不明显;在孵化24 h后,T4对仔鱼消化道的发育有促进作用。在孵化后72 h,0.01 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼小肠管径、直肠管径、全长与对照组相比差异均不明显;0.10 mg·L-1和1.00 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼小肠和直肠管径显著比对照组大(P<0.01),1.00 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼全长显著比对照组短(P<0.01),而0.10 mg·L-1处理组仔鱼全长与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。在孵化后第8天,0.10 mg·L-1 T4处理组仔鱼存活率明显比对照组高(P<0.01),而0.01 mg·L-1 T4组和1.00 mg·L-1 T4组与对照组之间存活率差异不明显(P>0.05)。结果提示0.10 mg·L-1 T4处理能促进斜带石斑鱼卵黄囊期仔鱼的消化道发育并提高其存活率。