基于GPS/MIMU组合导航定位系统的研究与应用

研究了利用微型惯性测量单元M IMU和GPS-OEM板,设计了一种低成本、轻小型的GPS/M IMU组合导航定位系统。为了验证该系统的性能,利用M IMU和GPS观测数据对该组合系统进行了实验。实验结果和应用表明,组合导航系统在精度和可靠性方面较单一的导航系统都有明显的改善。     

利用ADS40相机快速生成正射影像图的方法研究

介绍了ADS40相机快速生成正射影像图的方法,即利用高精度POS设备能直接定向测图的特点,省去空三T序,利用POS解算出的外方位元素和自动提取的DEM进行正射影像纠正,结合实际生产项目对成图精度进行了分析。试验结果表明,ADS40相机应用于航测生产可大幅度缩短成图周期,利用本文的生产方法可以满足正射影像图精度要求,并节省大量时问,适用于应急测绘保障。     

基于GPS PPK技术的远距离高精度验潮方法研究

为实现远岸潮汐精确监测,基于GPS PPK技术开展了远距离高精度GPS验潮方法研究。研究给出了GPS潮位测量方法,其次联合GPS定位信息和IMU姿态信息,通过坐标转换原理得到瞬时水面的精确高程。在此基础上,研究利用基于FFT的低通滤波技术提取潮位信息。最后在烟台港进行了实际工程试验。试验结果表明,当GPS PPK验潮距离达98km时,潮位误差可控在!15cm以内,验潮精度仍可优于10cm。     

基于LM方法的单位四元数光束法平差模型解算

以单位四元数描述遥感影像共线条件方程,建立基于单位四元数的光束法平差模型。针对共线条件方程的非线性问题,基于LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)方法解算单位四元数光束法平差模型,并引入丹麦法实现无人机影像外方位元素的抗差估计。基于仿真数据和无人机影像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:与基于单位四元数的无初值依赖算法进行比较,LM方法具有与单位四元数法相当的可靠性;引入丹麦法方法后可消除粗差观测值对参数估计的不利影响,得到较高精度的外方位元素估值。     

北斗区域卫星导航系统电离层建模精度分析

北斗卫星导航系统是首个建成的区域导航系统,其在电离层建模中的可行性和作用倍受关注。采用多项式模型构建区域电离层模型,利用IGSjfng和cut0两站观测数据,从穿刺点分布、单系统建模精度和BDS/GPS融合建模精度等方面分析了北斗区域系统对于电离层建模的作用。结果表明,利用北斗建立电离层模型,其残差标准差小于1.2TECU(1TECU=10~(-16)m~2),外符合精度优于4TECU,与利用GPS建模精度相当,但融合北斗和GPS数据相对于采用单系统建模精度无明显提升。     

卫星传感器的地面几何检校模型分析

针对高分辨率卫星 CCD 线阵传感器,分析了像元尺寸变化模型、CCD 在焦平面内旋转变化模型、传感器镜头光学畸变模型;基于 ALOS 卫星的内方位附加参数模型,构建了卫星传感器内方位自检校综合模型;分析了卫星传感器严格成像模型及外方位检校参数内容,给出了自检校光束法区域网平差解算方案;结合外方位元素 PPM 内插模型,利用 SPOT5 模拟数据进行区域网平差实验,实验结果验证了模型方案的可行性。     

无控制点条件下SPOT5卫星影像海上目标定位技术

对于海上目标的遥感影像定位，由于控制点获取的困难性严重影响了其发展与应用。研究了SPOT5卫星HRS立体像对的成像原理，通过一系列坐标系变换，构建了一种无需地面控制点的直接对地绝对定位模型。试验表明，在没有控制点的条件下利用SPOT5遥感影像进行定位，平面定位精度和高程定位精度均可以达到优于70m的水平，这对于海上目标定位具有很好的实用价值。     

IMU在航空高光谱遥感图像几何校正中的应用

在航空高光谱遥感图像处理过程中,高精度几何校正一直是难度较大的问题,而常规遥感图像处理中通过选取地面控制点来校正图像的方法在航空高光谱图像的校正过程中并不适用.介绍了航空定位导航姿态测量系统(IMU/DGPS),它是目前较为先进的惯性导航系统,采用纤维光学陀螺系统结合差分GPS测量,无需地面控制点就可对图像进行校正,可以简化和加速图像的几何校正过程,并达到非常高的精度.     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS在密林地区组合定位性能分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统的建成与运行,目前已形成多系统导航定位的局面。基于短基线,首先对密林地区的GPS、BDS、GLONASS的卫星可见性以及伪距观测值的质量进行了简单的评价,然后分析了密林地区GPS、BDS、GLONASS单系统、双系统及三系统组合模式下单点定位及伪距差分定位性能。结果表明:在密林地区,GNSS多系统组合能够明显提高定位精度,GPS/BDS组合定位的精度优于GPS/GLONASS、BDS/GLONASS组合,而GPS/BDS/GLONASS的定位精度最高。     

基于GPS的水下导航算法误差仿真研究

首先介绍了水下导航算法,采用GPS和水下参量测算相结合的方案,即当运行器在水下运行时,利用电子罗盘测量运行器的相对航向,水流传感器测算运行器的相对速度大小,利用学习阶段计算出海水流速,在水下运行器潜行时进行船位推算导航,用GPS精准的定位信号进行导航误差的校正。此算法精度的高低很大程度上取决于用来进行水下参量测算的传感器和用来方位校准的GPS。文中从各个传感器的误差着手,通过模拟仿真详细分析了电子罗盘、水流传感器和GPS的误差对导航精度的影响,对工程应用具有实际的指导意义。     

Testing and evaluation of an integrated GPS/INS system for smallAUV navigation

A Small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation System (SANS) is being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The SANS is an integrated Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) navigation system composed of low-cost and small-size components. It is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a low-cost strap-down inertial measurement unit (IMU) to navigate between intermittent GPS fixes. The present hardware consists of a GPS/DGPS receiver, IMU, compass, water speed sensor, water depth sensor, and a data processing computer. The software is based on a 12-state complementary filter that combines measurement data from all sensors to derive a vehicle position/orientation estimate. This paper describes hardware and software design and testing results of the SANS. It is shown that results from tilt table testing and bench testing provide an effective means for tuning filter gains. Ground vehicle testing verifies the overall functioning of the SANS and exhibits an encouraging degree of accuracy     

基于ADS40的海岛航空影像空中三角测量精度分析

利用ADS40线阵数字相机获取的影像,选取典型岛屿区域,分别采用了基站差分无控制点参与平差计算、基站差分有控制点参与平差计算、精密单点定位无控制点参与平差计算和精密单点定位有控制点参与平差计算四种方案进行试验和精度分析,得出了试验结论。     

IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量误差分析与估计

详细分析了IMU/DGPS机载激光定位测量的各种误差,着重讨论了IMU姿态测量误差对机栽激光定位的影响.根据实际可能的误差数据,并联合扫描角误差、测距误差和平台坐标系原点误差进行计算分析,得出了不同的量测误差对目标三维定位误差的综合影响.     

应用于无人直升机海洋航空磁力测量的机载GPS定位系统

无人直升机海洋航空磁力测量工作需要为磁力数据提供精确的位置和高程.根据无人直升机海洋航空磁力测量的实际工作环境和对定位精度的要求,设计了该机载单频GPS定位系统,并进行了模拟试验和野外试验,处理GPS数据采用商业软件.试验结果表明:该机载GPS定位系统满足定位精度要求,可应用于无人直升机海洋航空磁力测量.     

略论海洋测高卫星GPS厘米级定轨的实施基础

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,认为我国HY-2海洋二号卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基础是:选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;选择适合GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

Technical Note AIMS (TM): An Alternative Tool for Coastal Mapping

Space technologies, such as kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS), often combined with an inertial navigation system (INS), provide an efficient direct georeferencing tool for remote sensing and aerial surveying. Practically, these systems are now able to deliver high-precision orientation data for spatial data acquisition platforms in a timely manner, at relatively low cost, as compared to traditional methods. The Airborne Integrated Mapping System (AIMS (TM)), developed at The Ohio State University Center for Mapping, integrates high-resolution digital imagery, differential GPS/INS, and precise timing for high-quality data acquisition supporting large-scale mapping and other precise positioning applications. In this article, the AIMS (TM) system hardware/software configuration, its current operational capabilities, and the test results of airborne mapping of the coastal zone are presented.     

Technical Note AIMS (TM): An Alternative Tool for Coastal Mapping

Space technologies, such as kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS), often combined with an inertial navigation system (INS), provide an efficient direct georeferencing tool for remote sensing and aerial surveying. Practically, these systems are now able to deliver high-precision orientation data for spatial data acquisition platforms in a timely manner, at relatively low cost, as compared to traditional methods. The Airborne Integrated Mapping System (AIMS (TM)), developed at The Ohio State University Center for Mapping, integrates high-resolution digital imagery, differential GPS/INS, and precise timing for high-quality data acquisition supporting large-scale mapping and other precise positioning applications. In this article, the AIMS (TM) system hardware/software configuration, its current operational capabilities, and the test results of airborne mapping of the coastal zone are presented.     

导航卫星在海洋测绘中的应用及其展望

回顾了卫星多普勒定位和GPS卫星定位技术在我国海洋测绘中的应用,进而展望了GNSS在下述几方面将成为海洋测绘未来应用的新亮点:导航卫星将为海洋强国建设发挥重大作用;GNSS三频接收机将为海域测量开创新篇章;GNSS导航卫星能够为机载激光测深系统提供更高精度的在航7维状态参数和3维姿态参数.     

Airborne Gravity Surveys Over Taiwan Island and Strait,Kuroshio Current and South China Sea: Comparison of GPS and Gravity Accuracies at Different Flight Altitudes

We compare the accuracies of GPS and gravity observations obtained from three airborne gravity surveys over Taiwan Island at altitude 5000 m and over Kuroshio Current, Taiwan Strait, and Dongsha Atoll at altitude 1500 m. A kinematic network adjustment was used to determine the positions of the aircrafts. GPS positioning errors are at the decimeter-level, which are not entirely propagated to velocity and acceleration errors due to cancellation of long wavelength errors. Outliers are downweighted in the Gaussian filtering to improve the gravity accuracy, especially at altitude 1500 m. Compared with the upward-continued gravity, the gravity anomalies from the 1500-m surveys show a consistent accuracy of about 3 mgal; the accuracy from the 5000-m survey is degraded, especially over high mountains. The RMS crossover differences at 1500 m and 5000 m are all below 3 mgal, suggesting flight altitudes do not affect the crossover difference. Coherence analysis suggests that the spatial resolvable wavelengths of the airborne gravity range from 4 km (altitude 1500 m) to 6 km (altitude 5000 m).