M-A1水滑石纳米晶热分解行为的TG-MS研究

利用热重一质谱联用仪(TG-MS)和多晶XRD对水热法制备的Mg-Al水滑石纳米晶的热分解行为进行表征研究表明:Mg-Al水滑石的热性能与其晶体化学特征有密切的关系.Mg-Al水滑石的热分解过程可分为4个阶段:①T≤280℃时,失层问H2O;②T=280℃～380℃时,失层板中[Mg-OH-Al]结构单元OHˉ;③T=380℃～580℃时,失层板中[Mg-OH-Mg]结构单元的OHˉ;④T=395℃～580℃时,层间CO32ˉ选出.后两个阶段有较大重叠性.[Mg-OH-Mg]中OHˉ和CO32ˉ最大选出量对应的温度明显不一致.[Mg-OH-Mg]中OHˉ的选出是导致层状结构破坏的诱因,热分解的阶段性随升温速率提高而表现得明显.Mg-Al水滑石的热分解行为受扩散控制.     

小柴旦盐湖钠硼解石矿物热脱水机理的探讨

利用等温热脱水和非等温热脱水的实验方法,结合X射线衍射、红外光谱等检测手段研究了青藏高原钠硼解石矿物在50~500℃温度区间的脱水过程。研究结果表明,随温度的升高,钠硼解石(NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].5H2O)的脱水分三阶段进行:50~70℃,脱失2个水形成NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].3H2O相,与钠硼解石结构研究结果对比,脱水分子是与钠硼解石分子中钠配位;70~100℃,进一步脱失2个水形成较为稳定的NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].H2O相,脱水2个分子是与钠硼解石分子中钙配位,该结构可以在100~150℃稳定存在;150~180℃,进一步升温将逐步失去最后一个与Na离子配位的水分子,同时导致[B5O6(OH)6]3-硼氧配阴离子结构的破坏,固相结构由晶型转变为无定形。     

Preparation of Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides by Buffer Solution Method and Cr（Ⅵ） Adsorption Characteristics

利用氨水-氯化铵体系在pH 9～10时具有缓冲能力的特点,以其作为沉淀剂成功合成了镁铝水滑石（Mg3Al-Cl-LDHs）,采用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTA等手段对材料结构进行表征,并测试了合成Mg3Al-Cl-LDHs样品对溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。研究结果表明,缓冲溶液法制备的Mg3Al-Cl-LDHs材料晶相单一,晶面生长的有序程度较高,结晶度较好。晶胞参数a=0.3106 nm,c=2.367 nm,粒子尺寸约为36.44 nm。其热分解过程包括水滑石层间结构水脱除和层板羟基脱水、氯离子分解两个步骤。Mg3Al-Cl-LDHs对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附主要发生在0～1 h内,随着时间的增长吸附量先增加后趋于平缓;温度对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附量影响不大,在常温下即可进行;随着pH值的减小,饱和吸附量先增大后减小,在pH 6时吸附效果较好;2价与3价竞争阴离子比1价阴离子对吸附性能的影响更大。在最佳吸附条件下,Mg3Al-Cl-LDHs对Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量可达58.73 mg/g,有望应用于实际Cr（Ⅵ）废水处理。     

新矿物——汉江石

新矿物汉江石的理想分子式为Ba2CaV23＋[（Si3AlO10）（OH）2]F（CO3）2。矿物呈黄绿色、深绿色,显微镜下呈浅绿色、淡绿色;单斜晶系,空间群为C2,a=0.52050（12）nm,b=0.9033（2）nm,c=3.2077（8）nm,β=93.49（8）°,V=1.5054（8）nm3,Z=4;二轴晶,正延性,负光性,一组完全解理,干涉色为三级绿,多色性明显,浅绿色-黄绿-深绿色;折射率α=1.615,β=1.655,γ=1.700（589 nm）,2Vobs=114°～115°,2Vcalc=88.8°;显微硬度平均值203 kg/mm2,相当于莫氏硬度4;实测密度平均3.69 g/cm3,计算密度3.78 g/cm3。X射线粉晶衍射的强谱线有1.5866 nm（7）（002）、0.5340 nm（91）（006）、0.4010 nm（10）（ī14）、0.3209 nm（23）（027）、0.2676 nm（100）（ī110）、0.2294 nm（29）（ī37）和0.2008 nm（11）（228）。汉江石的晶体结构由硅酸盐结构单元TOT（二八面体型）和碳酸盐结构单元Ba2Ca（CO3）2F交替组成,可能有3个多型,即1M型,2M型和3T型。     

红河石Ca18(□,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(□,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9——符山石族新矿物

作为符山石族矿物的新成员,红河石(Hongheite,IMA 2017-027新矿物),Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9发现于个旧世界级Sn-多金属矿田东北缘、与马拉格Sn矿床毗邻的北沙冲花岗岩(77.43Ma)内矽卡岩中。红河石常呈横径达4~25mm的放射状针-柱状集合体产出。当位于晶洞中时,红河石则呈发育良好的自形柱状晶体(0.5~4.0mm长,0.3~1.0mm宽)产出。与红河石共生的矿物见有赛黄晶、萤石、斧石-(Fe)、硅硼钙石、枪晶石、硼锡钙石、石英和羟鱼眼石-(K)等。红河石为墨绿色,条痕浅灰绿色,玻璃光泽,性脆,断口不规则。主要的晶面是:{100}、{110}、{101}和{001}。红河石的显微硬度:988.3N/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度6~7。其实测密度与计算密度分别是3.446g/cm3和3.423g/cm3。红河石一轴正晶,No=1.720(2),Ne=1.725(2);多色性弱。红河石的化学成分:SiO235.85%;TiO20.01%;Al2O311.00%;Fe2O37.92%;FeO2.14%;CaO 33.57%;MnO 0.42%;MgO 3.48%;B2O32.82%;Cr2O30.01%;Na2O 0.01%;F 0.40%(F≡O-0.17);Cl 0.14%(Cl≡O-0.03);H2O 0.75%,总量98.32%。依据晶体结构精测和Si在单位分子式中的原子数(即Si=18 apfu),计算和书写的红河石简化晶体化学式:Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9。其三条最强粉晶线[d(?)(I/I0)(hkl)]为:2.9289(47)(004),2.7661(100)(342)和2.6079(68)(243)。红河石属四方晶系,空间群为P4/nnc,晶胞参数:a=15.667(3)?,c=11.725(1)?,V=2878(1)?3,Z=2。红河石晶体结构精测的R因子为0.063。红河石殊异于为已知的符山石族矿物种,在于其X(4)位以空位()为主、Y(3)位以Fe3+居优和T(2)位被B所占。顺便对符山石族矿物晶体-化学式的计算与书写予以讨论并提出建议。     

硼掺入Mg(OH)2形式及机理

采用pH=9.5～13.0的无镁合成海水进行了Mg(OH)₂沉积时B的掺入实验,证实了B(OH)₃优先掺入Mg(OH)₂的硼同位素分馏特征。在所研究的pH范围内,Mg(OH)₂沉积的δ11B均高于无镁合成海水的δ11B,它们之间的硼同位素分馏系数α沉积/海水为1.017 7~1.056 9,平均为1.032 9±0.009 32(SD)。硼同位素的这种分馏特征与无机碳酸盐沉积时的硼同位素分馏存在明显差异,表明B掺入Mg(OH)₂沉积具有不同的机理。B在Mg(OH)₂沉积上的吸附以及B(OH)₃与Mg(OH)₂的沉积反应同时存在并相互制约是其主要特征,造成了B(OH)₃优先掺入的总结果,这并不意味B(OH)₃在掺入的分数上占有优势,相反在所研究的pH范围内,Mg(OH)₂沉积的B(OH)₃/B(OH)-₄大都小于1,因此吸附作用决定了Mg(OH)₂沉积中B浓度的变化特征。采用这种模型能很好地解释沉积中B浓度、B在沉积和海水间的分配系数Kd以及沉积与海水间的分馏系数α随海水pH的变化特征。石珊瑚中Mg(OH)₂的普遍存在和Mg(OH)₂中B(OH)₃的优先掺入也许会影响珊瑚的硼同位素组成与海水pH的定量对应关系,给δ11B作为古海水pH的代用指标带来一定的不确定性。     

青藏高原地震前CO的排放与卫星热红外增温异常

地震前卫星热红外图像的亮温异常与地球的排气作用有关。由于以往仅在个别点上对CO2、CH4等气体取样或监测,对这些温室气体震前排放的范围缺乏足够的了解。用美国EOS卫星携带的MOPITT探测仪资料,获得了2000年4月30日CO在青藏高原大面积逸出的情况,图像显示CO含量异常升高的区域具形状不规则的圈层结构,累计长度约3 200 km,总面积约267万km2,其CO体积分数值内高外低,体积分数最大的区域（31×10-8≥φ(CO)>27×10-8）大致呈EW向分布,长约800 km,宽约280 km,面积约22.41万km2。整个CO逸出区[WTBX]φ[WT](CO)为2002年正常值的1.57～4.10倍,与从卫星热红外图像上发现的2000年4月29~30日在青藏高原上的大面积多处孤立升温有较好的一致性,且这种CO逸出的现象至少在2000年4月30日之前的数天内是持续存在的,它们都是2000年6月6日甘肃景泰Ms 5.9地震及2000年6月8日缅甸北部Ms 6.9地震的前兆。这一方面说明,气—热震兆机理是有实际依据的,同时也反映了青藏高原上空臭氧层空洞或低值中心的出现可能与CO气体在高空中的不断氧化有关。     

新疆东准噶尔贝勒库都克锡矿床成矿时代及成矿作用

贝勒库都克锡矿床赋存于正长花岗岩中,矿化类型主要为蚀变花岗岩型、云英岩型和石英脉型。对云英岩型锡矿石中的白云母进行了40Ar39Ar年龄测定,获得坪年龄为306.8 ± 2.4 Ma～309.7 ± 2.4 Ma,与正长花岗岩306 ±5 Ma在误差范围内一致。这组坪年龄不仅精确地反应出成矿的时间限制,而且表明了正长花岗岩与锡成矿的密切关系。锡矿石中石英流体包裹体划分为NaCl—H2O型和NaCl—H2O—CO2—CH4型。成矿温度主要集中在160～250℃和280～390℃,峰值在210℃和330℃,流体盐度为1.22%～7.86% NaCleq,流体密度为0.55～0.96g/cm3。锡矿石中石英的δDSMOW介于-128‰～-95‰,δ18OSMOW值介于9.6‰～14.‰,δ18OH2O值为1.56～8.09‰,表明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,混合少量大气降水。物理化学条件改变、水—岩交换作用及CO2—CH4和NaCl—H2O 的不混溶作用在锡成矿过程中起着重要作用。     

Allende陨石富深绿辉石—钙长石—尖晶石难熔包体的岩石学和矿物化学特征:熔融和蚀变证据

对Allende陨石中一块富深绿辉石--钙长石-尖晶石难熔包体进行了岩石学和矿物化学研究。包体近似球形(半径~3 mm),边部为钙长石和方钠石(Mg O=1.04%~2.69%;Fe O1.57%)组成的矿物圈层(厚度~200μm),内部主要矿物有深绿辉石(Al2O3=7.63%~16.08%;Ti O2=1.73%~4.48%)、钙长石(Mg O0.41%;Na2O0.14%)和尖晶石(Fe O1.70%)。包体中残留黄长石(k70~85,Na2O0.22%),颗粒较小(10μm),大部分都被蚀变成为钙铝榴石、钙镁橄榄石和氯硅铝钙石(Mg O=5.07%~8.04%;Fe O0.31%)。包体规则的外形不可能由气—固凝聚形成,而可能是由熔融重结晶形成。黄长石含量较少以及残余黄长石非常富镁说明包体可能经历过蚀变作用,且方钠石与氯硅铝钙石的产状和成分差异说明包体可能经历了两次不同的蚀变事件。     

李时珍石—一种Zn硫酸盐新矿物

李时珍石是一种Zn硫酸盐新矿物,发现于我国青海省锡铁山铅锌矿床氧化带,化学分子式是ZnFe_2~(3+)(SO_4)_4·14H_2O。该矿物产于硬石膏裂隙或孔洞中,与粒铁矾、叶绿矾、自然硫、石膏、黄铁矿、石英等共生。晶体习性板状或板柱状。淡玫瑰紫色,玻璃光泽。硬度3.5,解理{010}近于完善。实测密度D_m=2.206(4)g/cm~3,计算密度D_c=2.201g/cm~3。偏光镜下无色,无多色性,2V(-)-47°;黄光中的折射率:α——1.522(2),β——1.568(1),γ——1.578(4)。空间群P(?),晶胞参数:a=6.477(1),b=15.298(3),c=6.309(1),α=90.20°(1),β=101.11°(1),γ=93.97°(1),V=611.9(1)(?)~3,Z=1。DTA曲线在119—156和740℃处有2个主要强吸热峰,在214,246,296和802℃处有4个弱吸热峰。TG曲线表明矿物在加热时,分阶段脱失结晶水,到310℃时,总失重量为30%。红外光谱在3351—3035和1131—997cm~(-1)处有2个主要吸收带;在1658—1651,667—537和484cm~(-1)处有3个次要吸收带。不同温度下测量的穆斯堡尔谱,由-Fe~(3+)离子的宽阔不对称单峰组成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with