中国大陆重力场非潮汐时空变化特征的初步分析

本文基于Tsoft软件在潮汐数据预处理中的应用,采用Tsoft数据预处理软件和别尔采夫滤波相结合方法,提取了覆盖中国大陆28个重力固体潮台站连续观测数据的非潮汐分量.对各台站2008～2011年的连续数据,进行了缺失数据补接、地震动事件提取和去除非线性漂移等预处理工作,并通过滤波提取固体潮非潮汐分量.结果表明:除在贵阳、勐腊和十堰3个原始数据质量较差的台站外,其它台站观测数据应用本文方法均取得良好的结果.在此基础上,对处理结果采用滑动平均,将非潮汐分量结果的月均值与GRACE卫星和CMAP降水记录的月采样数据进行对比,结果显示了地表降水同重力变化具有一定相关性特征.此外,基于Tsoft软件的分段曲线漂移拟合能有效去除原始数据中的漂移.     

琼中地震台连续重力变化特征

收集了2009年以来琼中地震台（以下简称琼中台）连续重力观测数据,经对原始数据进行突跳、台阶和删除错误数据等处理,计算分析了琼中台重力潮汐变化数据特征、M₂波潮汐因子变化特征和典型事件的观测数据频谱特征。结果表明,琼中台连续重力观测数据除包含了固体潮、零漂等长周期信号外,也记录到了地震和台风等高频信号。对于记录到的7.0级以上强震,地震信号的频率主要分布于0.3 Hz以内;台风引起的扰动信号则主要分布于0.1—0.4 Hz频带内。同时,2009年以来,琼中台连续重力原始数据及其M₂波潮汐因子无明显前兆异常。      

gPhone重力仪与GRACE观测的陆地水季节性重力变化对比

利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络中张家口、淮北、溧阳重力台的gPhone连续重力观测数据,经过Tsoft软件数据预处理、固体潮、海潮负荷、极移等主要潮汐信号的扣除、局部气压改正,以及分段拟合仪器漂移后,得到观测数据的非潮汐信号,该信号时间序列呈现明显的季节性,主要反映陆地水储量变化;在此基础上,将地面重力非潮汐信号的月均值与重力卫星GRACE的观测结果进行比较。结果发现,仪器观测较稳定的张家口站和淮北站,地面重力和卫星重力观测的季节性信号具有一定的一致性;而溧阳站两种观测的相关性较差,可能与仪器观测的稳定性及台站周边区域环境因素有关。     

琼中台重力非潮汐变化气压与海潮负荷改正

本文对琼中台连续重力观测数据进行收集整理并处理,基于处理后的数据,进行了潮汐分析和非潮汐分析。潮汐分析采用VAV调和分析方法;非潮汐分析则分别进行了零漂改正、固体潮改正、气压改正和海潮改正。其中,零漂改正采用一般多项式拟合零漂的方法;气压改正采用VAV软件;海潮改正运用SPOTL程序,以NAO.99b潮汐模型计算了琼中台海潮负荷值。最终获得了改正后的琼中台重力非潮汐变化,结果表明琼中台的重力气压导纳值为-0.34×10^-8m/s²/mbar,气压改正幅度约为10×10^-8m/s²,海潮改正幅度约为5×10^-8m/s²。改正后,琼中台重力非潮汐变化数据,比仅进行零漂固体潮改正后的重力非潮汐变化数据中的潮汐信号更加微弱,说明进行海潮改正后的效果是明显的,该方法可进一步去除其中的潮汐信号。     

重力仪高频信息与地震前兆

在观测重力随时间变化时,重力仪输出端可得到三种信息,即重力场缓慢变化、重力潮汐及叠加在潮汐曲线上的高频信息。在流动重力测量中,为求得重力非潮汐变化,需将后两者作为噪声去掉。在重力固体潮观测中,为求得重力潮汐变化,需将叠加在其上的高频信息作为噪声而滤去。高频信息与地震前兆的关系,国内外早已注意到。1964年3月28日美国阿拉斯加地震和1964年6月14日日本新潟地震,在震前几天日本东京气象研究所GS型重力仪的潮汐记录图上,出现高频扰动并一直延续到地震的发生。我国的一     

银川地震台水管仪固体潮干扰分析

采用地震前兆跟踪分析软件处理数据,发现银川地震台水管仪记录的固体潮波形异常,判定为观测系统故障造成,利用固体潮理论值对比和潮汐因子等手段,对故障原因逐一排查,确定为DSC-2A型前兆数据采集器插口模块故障,并提出解决办法,供同仁借鉴。     

基于一种新智能优化算法与谱相关方法对重力固体潮的分析

根据月球与太阳相对于地球位置的关系,建立一个三维正交分解模型来揭示重力固体潮中包含的谐波成分。在此基础上,提出一种基于单形邻域与多角色进化策略智能优化算法的独立分量分析方法,用以提高算法效率和全局寻优能力;并结合谱相关方法,对重力固体潮观测数据进行处理和分析,观察其频域和时域的变化。最后引入理论信号和理论计算值作为参考背景,以凸显其异常变化特征。研究表明,利用该方法可以有效地反映出重力固体潮潮汐的日波、半日波、长周期波等特征。同时,发现重力固体潮潮汐的异常变化中隐含有地震前兆信息,通过对云南地区观测数据的分析,在排除测量误差和环境影响外,发现在地震前2~5个月内,重力固体潮的长周期波均呈现出规律性的异常变化。这反映出地震的前兆异常信息,可能对地震时间和地点的预测提供依据。     

白家疃台重力非潮汐量对比分析及地震动事件提取

北京国家地球观象台(白家疃台)在“十五”改造后,布设了一台gPhone重力仪(原PET031)记录重力固体潮,该仪器自2008年起持续稳定工作:台站原有大地动力TRG-1型潮汐记录重力仪(#804),自20世纪80年代以来持续稳定工作,具有稳定良好的重力固体潮观测记录.     

1997～2003白家疃地震台记录的重力变化

本文从介绍白家疃台站的 Geodynamics TRG—1型潮汐重力仪数字化重力固体潮观测系统入手,对所记录到的1999.6～2002.6期间的重力变化及其与地震的关系进行了讨论．认为这一长达3年、变化幅度为130×10~(-8)m·S~(-2)的重力变化可能是2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震的远场前兆异常．     

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计LP垂直通道记录的固体潮特征

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计具有全频带覆盖特性,其低频端输出延伸到固体潮汐,利用地震计LP通道的垂直分向观测数据,经过处理获得有关的固体潮资料,通过对记录信号的频谱分析对其有了初步的认知。JCZ-1T超宽频地震计LP加速度垂直通道记录的观测信号以固体潮汐信息为主,用该仪器观测可以获取与地震相关的综合观测数据,分析JCZ-1T记录波形叠加的的固体潮信息有着重要的实际意义,通过对资料处理运用,可以与传统前兆仪器结合观测,拓展其研究应用领域,更好的服务于地震科学研究。     

On the correction of gravity tides observation and the indication analysis of gravity anomaly

The problems of correcting gravity tidal observations and indicating of the gravity anomalies used in earthquake prediction in China are systematically studied in this paper. The correcting problems of the rheological model of the instrument, inertia of the earth and the effects of the ocean loading, air pressure, underground water on gravity tidal recording data are also discussed in details, the related results are also given in the paper. The problem of the indicating non-tidal information in stational gravity data is dicussed. The properties of the several different data processing filters are compared in theoretical point of view.     

The system of detailed seismological observations in Kamchatka in 2011

This paper presents the main results from the development of the detailed seismological observation system in Kamchatka and the information on the system as of 2011. We describe the networks of seismological stations, the systems for the acquisition, storage, and processing of seismological observations and their technical, methodological, and software support. We discuss the basic characteristics of the recording channels and the system as a whole. We present the information resources of the Kamchatka seismological data bank that provide for basic research in earth sciences. In 2011, the system of seismological observation in Kamchatka was a specialized network for acquisition (recording), storage, transmission, and processing of seismic and geophysical data that provides support for the effective monitoring of seismic and volcanic activities, as well as tsunami warning.     

MIDAS-W: a workstation-based incoherent scatter radar data acquisition system

The Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Data Acquisition System (MIDAS) is based on an abstract model of an incoherent scatter radar. This model is implemented in a hierarchical software system, which serves to isolate hardware and low-level software implementation details from higher levels of the system. Inherent in this is the idea that implementation details can easily be changed in response to technological advances. MIDAS is an evolutionary system, and the MIDAS hardware has, in fact, evolved while the basic software model has remained unchanged. From the earliest days of MIDAS, it was realized that some functions implemented in specialized hardware might eventually be implemented by software in a general-purpose computer. MIDAS-W is the realization of this concept. The core component of MIDAS-W is a Sun Microsystems UltraSparc 10 workstation equipped with an Ultrarad 1280 PCI bus analog to digital (A/D) converter board. In the current implementation, a 2.25 MHz intermediate frequency (IF) is bandpass sampled at 1 s intervals and these samples are multicast over a high-speed Ethernet which serves as a raw data bus. A second workstation receives the samples, converts them to filtered, decimated, complex baseband samples and computes the lag-profile matrix of the decimated samples. Overall performance is approximately ten times better than the previous MIDAS system, which utilizes a custom digital filtering module and array processor based correlator. A major advantage of MIDAS-W is its flexibility. A portable, single-workstation data acquisition system can be implemented by moving the software receiver and correlator programs to the workstation with the A/D converter. When the data samples are multicast, additional data processing systems, for example for raw data recording, can be implemented simply by adding another workstation with suitable software to the high-speed network. Testing of new data processing software is also greatly simplified, because a workstation with the new software can be added to the network without impacting the production system. MIDAS-W has been operated in parallel with the existing MIDAS-1 system to verify that incoherent scatter measurements by the two systems agree. MIDAS-W has also been used in a high-bandwidth mode to collect data on the November, 1999, Leonid meteor shower.     

重力潮汐观测资料的改正和异常背景值的显示问题

本文系统地研究了重力潮汐观测的改正和作为地震预报研究的异常背景值的显示问题.文章讨论了仪器弹性系统流变模型改正和惯性改正以及海洋潮汐等的资料精确化问题和气压、地下水等对重力潮汐观测的影响,并给出了相应的结果.文章还讨论了台站重力测量中非潮汐信息的提取问题,从理论上论证并对比了几种滤波器的实质.      

潜水泵变频稳流抽水观测技术系统

潜水泵变频稳流抽水观测技术系统适用于不同观测条件,可以保证原有水文地球化学各测项的数字化和模拟观测,还可实施数字化水位与水温的同井观测,可以记录清晰的潮汐效应和同震效应,不低干天然自流状态下观测资料质量水平,是值得推广的新技术.     

Performance of superconducting gravimeters from long-period seismology to tides

The first phase (1997–2003) of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) has now been completed. Data from superconducting gravimeters (SGs) within GGP have shown great capabilities in a wide spectrum of geophysical applications from the tidal studies to the long-period seismology. Here, we compare the noise levels of the different contributing stations over the whole spectrum. We use three different processing procedures to evaluate the combined instrument-plus-site noise in the long-period seismic band (200–600 s), in the sub-seismic band (1–6 h) and in the tidal bands (12–24 h). The analysis in the seismic band has demonstrated that SGs are particularly well suited for the studies of the long-period normal modes and thus are complementary to long-period seismometers. In the sub-seismic band, the power spectral densities, computed over a period of 15 continuous days for every GGP station, cross the New Low Noise Model of Peterson from T = 16 min to T = 4.6 h. SG data are therefore appropriate for studying long-period seismic and sub-seismic modes. In the tidal bands, the noise comparison is realised by a least-squares fit to tides, local air pressure and instrumental drift, leading to gravity residuals where we estimate a standard deviation and average noise levels in different tidal frequency bands. Tidal gravity observations using SGs have also shown to be an independent validation tool of ocean tidal models, and they are therefore complementary to tide gauge and altimetric data sets. Knowledge of the noise levels at each station is important in a number of studies that combine the data to determine global Earth parameters. We illustrate it with the stacking of the data in the search for the gravity variations associated with the sub-seismic translational motions of the inner core, the so-called Slichter triplet.     

MATLAB软件在鹤岗地震台地震观测记录中的应用

随着数字化地震计的应用和发展,数字观测资料中不仅记录了宽频带地震信息,也包含了大量的干扰信号。在实际工作中,对地震信息的分析处理影响很大,有时还会造成地震波形记录不完整或地震信号淹没在干扰信号中,很难再进行深入的分析和应用。因此,利用MATLAB软件设计IIR数字滤波器对不同记录中的干扰波进行滤波器设计,达到消除干扰波的目的。实例表明,此方法在台站应用效果良好。     

重磁处理解释系统软件设计与关键实现技术

重磁探测是金属矿勘探的主要手段之一,其处理和解释方法技术已得到很大的发展,研发与其相适应的重磁软件是重要的研究课题.在国家863课题的支持下,我们设计并研发了重磁处理解释集成化软件系统.在分析国内外现有软件不足的基础上,我们对重磁软件系统所应具有的操作行为进行了针对性的设计,提出了具有特色的功能设计思路,并进行了针对性的研发实现.为满足深部矿产资源勘探需求和精细化解释需要,提出了更加具有针对性的软件设计解决方案,研发了特色的处理解释模块,核心突出软件的实时可视化和协同交互操作,使软件系统能高效地服务于使用者的目标任务.在优化改进处理、正反演算法的基础上,提出多核并行化方案并实现,提高了软件整体运行速度.最终形成了将数据管理、数据可视化、数据处理及解释有机结合的特色软件系统,为金属矿探测提供了一个高效、有力的工具.     

基于WM6系统的流磁测量记录软件设计与实现

流磁测量作业中一般通过填写纸质记录表记录和检核观测数据,存在作业效率不高和不便数据存储、传输、存档和后续调用处理等问题。为此,在分析电子记录可行性的基础上,利用VS2008,在WM6平台开发流磁测量PDA记录软件。应用表明,该项工作对改进已有观测技术、优化数据管理方面,具有实践和借鉴意义。     

一种新型分量式钻孔应变仪数据采集单元的设计及应用

本文根据新一代RZB型分量式钻孔应变仪的信号特点,设计了一种新型数据采集器.本设计采用了基于32位ARM的工控核心板以及嵌入式Windows CE操作系统作为软硬件平台,集成了总线数字信号与多通道高精度模拟信号的数据记录单元,实现了分量式钻孔应变观测系统的数据采集、存储、传输以及远程监控.实际测试表明,本采集系统具有高分辨率、低功耗等特点,主要参数指标达到了新型RZB型分量式钻孔应变观测系统信号采集要求.实际台站应用表明,本系统具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,可满足实际台站观测要求.