象山港中、西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级、叶绿素a和初级生产力

１９９４年１０月结合水色遥感光谱实验,对象山港中、西部浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力的分布做了现场观测。表层水中共鉴定出浮游植物２４种,隶属３门１７属,细胞丰度为１．０５×１０４±１．１４×１０４个／ｄｍ３;叶绿素ａ浓度为１．０７±０．５９μｇ／ｄｍ３,潜在初级生产力为３．８６±３．６０ｍｇＣ／（ｍ３·ｈ）。港区西部的浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力均高于港区中部;表层叶绿素ａ浓度高于中层和底层。浮游植物细胞粒径分级结果表明,微型和微微型浮游植物细胞（＜２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占８６％,对初级生产力的贡献占８９％;小型浮游植物细胞（＞２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占１４％,对初级生产力的贡献占１１％。     

海洋微生物对石油烃降解的研究 Ⅰ.浙江省海岛海域石油烃降解细菌的生态分布

本文报导了浙江省海岛海域中石油烃降解细菌的丰度分布及其种群组成。在整个浙江海域所布设的１０２个站位中，９６％的站位可以分离到石油烃降解细菌，其数量分布范围在３．０×１０２～１．１×１０５个／ｄｍ３；低值出现在南麂列岛附近海域；在杭州湾南部水域所布设的２６个站位中１００％的站位可以分离到石油烃降解细菌，其数量分布范围在４０×１０２～１．２×１０５个／ｄｍ３；石油烃降解细菌与异养细菌比值的高低与该海区受油类物质污染程度呈正相关关系；本海区所分离到的石油烃降解菌的优势菌为假单胞杆菌属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ和黄单胞菌属Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ。     

扇贝虾池保苗技术

１９９１～１９９４年作者在虾池进行扇贝保苗实验，取得了比较好的效果如表１，现阐述虾池保苗技术。１虾池保苗前的准备工作１．１改良虾池底质必须清淤，深耕深翻，并让其充分曝晒和撒上一层砂。１．２消毒处理用（５０～８０）×１０-6漂白粉浸泡７ｄ左右，排干、加水，反复几次后，即可纳水保苗。１．３饵料生物培养虾池消毒后纳水，即可施肥繁殖饵料生物，施肥量为氮肥（２～５）×１０－６，而磷肥为氮肥的。也可向虾池接种金藻、塔肥藻、硅藻等，保证饵料密度达２×１０５个／ｍｌ以上。１．４试投在稚贝出池前的７ｄ内。根据测量的…     

福建西洋岛海域浮游植物的分布

鉴定分析了于１９９０年５、８、１１月和１９９２年２月采自福建西洋岛海域的７２份样品。记录浮游植物１２７种，其中蓝藻１种、硅藻１０５种、甲藻２０种、金藻１种。浮游植物月平均细胞总量为５１．４２×１０＾４个／ｍ＾３。其年高峰出现于夏季８月，达１３７．０５×１０＾４个／ｍ＾３，低谷出现在冬季２月，仅有６．９６×１０＾４个／ｍ＾３。     

浙江省海岛沿岸水域微生物生态分布

文章报道了浙江海岛沿岸水域中异养细菌、氨化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量分布及异养细菌的种群组成。结果表明：本调查海区异养细菌的数量较多，其数量分布范围在２．０４×１０４～８．３６×１０６个／ｄｍ３之间；氨化细菌数量分布范围在３．０×１０３～１．１×１０６个／ｄｍ３之间；反硝化细菌的数量分布范围在３．０×１０２～１．１－１０６个／ｄｍ３之间。细菌的数量与环境中营养盐的浓度之间存在密切关系。在不同的海区异养细菌的种群组成存在一定的差异，在浙北海区，革兰氏阴性菌所占比例为４１．６％，在浙中海区为４６．９％，在浙南海区为６４．９％。     

杭州湾锋区浮游植物现存量和初级生产力

１９８７年１２月和１９８８年７月，对杭州湾锋区附近海域的浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力进行了现场测定。结果表明，夏季海域浮游植物细胞丰度（１９．９５×１０６个／ｍ３）高于冬季（５．６０×１０６个／ｍ３）。主要为广温低盐河口性类群和近岸广温广盐性类群占优势。夏季表层平均叶绿素ａ浓度为２．７４ｍｇ／ｍ３，冬季为１．２７ｍｇ／ｍ３。其平面分布特征表现为，表层浓度高于中层和底层，小潮汛的浓度高于大潮汛，落潮时的浓度高于涨潮时，跟踪测站的浓度高于Ｅ断面。夏季平均初级生产力为１５０．２７ｍｇＣ／（ｍ２·ｄ）。杭州湾为高悬浮物浓度的海域，光强成为初级生产力的主要限制因素之一。     

黄河水中镉（Ⅱ）与悬浮粒子液—固界面交换反应的研究

本文研究了黄河悬浮粒子与镉（Ⅱ）相互作用的离子交换率（％）—pH曲线，以及河水中赖氨酸存在下对该曲线的影响。主要结果有；（1）镉以Cd（OH）+形式在悬浮粒子上进行阳离子交换，在天然pH下（8．0×8．5），镉离子交换率接近最大值；（2）镉离子浓度由8．9×10－6mol·L－1增加到2×8．9×10－6mol．L－1时，离子交换率降低；（3）浓度为6．8×10－6mol·L－1的赖氨酸对提高离子交换率起促进作用；（4）交换剂为转化沙的镉离子交换率比未转化沙小；（5）海水、金沙江水中悬浮粒子对镉的吸附弱于黄河水。     

我国水产品加工业的现状与发展方向

１我国水产品生产现状１９８３年我国水产品总产量仅为５．４５８×０６ｔ，出口量为１．０５×１０５ｔ。近１０年来，水产品生产得到了迅速的发展，１９９０年我国水产品总产量为１．２３７×１０７ｔ，１９９１年达到１．３５４×１０７ｔ，１９９３年已高达１．８２６×１０７ｔ。计划到２０００年，水产品总产量将达到２．８５×１０７ｔ。但与之相比，我国水产品加工业则发展缓慢。１９９３年，经加工的水产品约５．６×１０６ｔ，仅占水产品总量的３０％。如果除掉水产冷冻品，实际用于加工制品仅占总产量的１１～１６％，约１．５×…     

用磁化水培养等鞭藻3011的初步研究

本文主要报道不同磁场强度的磁化水对等鞭藻繁殖作用的影响。１材料和方法安排５组磁场强度，分别为０．０５，０．１，０．３，０．６，０．９Ｔ，一个对照组。５０００ｍｌ的三角烧瓶６个。对海水进行沉淀、沙滤、陶瓷过滤，经磁化水器后，即为磁化水（不煮沸），尔后加入营养盐ＮａＮＯ３６０ｍｇ；ＫＨ２ＰＯ４４ｍｇ；ＦｅＣ６Ｈ５Ｏ０．５ｍｇ；ＮａＳｉＯ３５ｍｇ；ＶＢ１１００ｕｇ；ＶＢ１２０．５ｕｇ；溶于１０００ｍｌ海水中煮沸。室温１５～１８．５℃，光照２４０～２１６０１Ｘ，每天２４ｈ，，培养期间每天搅瓶６次。每天上…     

伯劳特湾海水中~(239)Pu的浓度

伯劳特湾的表层海水中,２３９Ｐｕ的浓度为１３．０±２．８μＢｑ／ｄｍ３,与巴芬湾和拉布拉道海表层海水中的浓度基本相同。其中溶解２３９Ｐｕ的浓度为６．９３±１．８μＢｑ／ｄｍ３,占海水中２３９Ｐｕ总浓度的５３×１０－２;悬浮物中２３９Ｐｕ的浓度为６．０７±３．３μＢｑ／ｄｍ３,占总浓度的４７×１０－２。底层海水中２３９Ｐｕ的浓度为３１．７±４．７μＢｑ／ｄｍ３,２３８Ｐｕ的浓度为０．７８±０．７０μＢｑ／ｄｍ３,２３８Ｐｕ／２３９Ｐｕ的比值为０．０２４,这可能是表层沉积物重悬浮造成的。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,