论RS,GPS与GIS集成的定义、理论与关键技术

该文从什么是GPS、RS与GIS (简称三S)的集成开头 ,讨论三S集成中需要研究和解决的一些理论与关键技术 ,最后介绍各种可能的集成应用系统     

GIS-based geomorphological mapping using remote sensing data and supplementary geoinformation: A case study of the Dhaka city area,Bangladesh

This study aims to prepare a detailed GIS-based geomorphological map accompanied with landfill sites of Dhaka city area which can be used for multipurpose functionality. Attainment of the geomorphological map is based upon interpretation of the oldest available aerial photographs (1:40,000) and contemporary topographic maps (1:8000) which reflect almost pre-urban ground of Dhaka. Randomly distributed 160 boreholes have been used to prepare representative soil profiles (RSP) to identify the near-surface lithology of the geomorphological units. The study reveals that 13 out of 18 low-lying geomorphic units, comprising 65% of the total area demand landfill practices for urban development. Landfill sites have been merged with urban growth on each low-lying geomorphic unit using a spatially enhanced fused image of IRS-1D PAN and ETM+ bands 5, 4 and 3, acquired February 2000 and 2002, respectively. We found that 43% area of the total low-lying geomorphic units experience fill practices so far. The fill sites have been differentiated into four classes based on their relative thickness. Integration of fill classes with geomorphological map shows the urban dynamics of Dhaka city area till 2002. Due to GIS integration, this map can be rapidly updated to demonstrate temporal modifications in urban ground. It can be used effectively in different geomorphological hazard mapping and urban land-use practices.     

测绘地理信息技术在陕西省文物保护区划中的综合应用

近年来,随着国家对文化遗产的高度重视及城市的快速扩张,文物保护管理规划无法与城市规划对接,不利于文物保护与管理工作的开展。本文以陕西省文物保护区划项目为背景,选取铜川市延昌寺塔保护范围为试验区,对延昌寺塔保护区划进行实测,并结合无人机航测、三维激光扫描、三维地理信息系统等现代测绘地理信息技术手段,探讨综合现代地理信息技术方法在文物"两线"精准划定中的作用与优势。通过本文的研究示范,为提升文物保护规划权威性,提高文物管理水平提供了新思路,其技术方法及手段可以在同类项目中推广应用。     

统一地理信息服务在土地管理信息系统建设中的应用

统一地理信息服务是上海市规划和国土资源统一应用支撑平台的重要组成部分,本文对它的结构和功能进行了描述,并介绍了它在应用系统建设中起的作用。     

Analysis of high-frequency multipath in 1-Hz GPS kinematic solutions

High-frequency multipath would be problematic for studies at seismic or antenna dynamical frequencies as one could mistakenly interpret them as signals. A simple procedure to identify high-frequency multipath from global positioning system (GPS) time series records is presented. For this purpose, data from four GPS base stations are analyzed using spectral analyses techniques. Additional data, such as TEQC report files of L1 pseudorange multipath, are also used to analyze the high-frequency multipath and confirmation of the high-frequency multipath inferred from the phase records. Results show that this simple procedure is effective in identification of high-frequency multipath. The inferred information can aid interpretation of multipath at the GPS site, and is important for a number of reasons. For example, the information can be used to study GPS site selections and/or installations.

遥感、地理信息系统与全球定位系统集成的研究

随着遥感、地理信息系统与全球定位系统等各项技术的成熟 ,对遥感、地理信息系统与全球定位系统的集成的要求变得越来越迫切 ,有关这种集成系统的理论、技术和方法逐渐成为地理信息学的重点 ,有关这种集成系统的开发、研制和应用逐渐成为诸多与之相关的学科发展中的重中之重。不同专业背景的研究者从各自的需要、背景出发纷纷发表不同的见解 ,作者从地理信息流本身的特点出发 ,分析了遥感、地理信息系统与全球定位系统各自的特点 ,阐述了集成的可能性和必要性。在从事这种集成系统的研制的工作基础上试图给出这种集成系统的定义和概念模型 ,并且提出研制发展这种集成系统中必须解决的问题     

GIS在轨道交通建设中的应用

介绍了GIS在城市轨道交通建设中的应用，分析了轨道交通建设的评价要素和对GIS系统的建设要求提出了系统设计的总体思路和框架及应用前景。     

GIS空间数据不确定性与质量控制的研究现状

GIS空间数据不确定性和质量控制的研究是GIS基础理论问题研究中的一个重要内容。文中具体介绍了对该问题研究的几个阶段，对目前这一理论问题的研究现状作了简要介绍，并对GIS数据质量控制的策略提出一些看法。     

Predictive GIS model for potential mapping of Cu,Pb, Zn mineralization

The geologic features indicative of Cu, Pb, Zn mineral deposits in a area are fractures (structure), and host rock sediments. Datasets used include Cu, Pb, Zn deposit points record, geological data, remote sensing imagery (Landsat TM5). The mineral potential of the study area is assessed by means of GIS based geodata integration techniques for generating predictive maps. GIS predictive model for Cu, Pb, Zn potential was carried out in this study area (Weixi) using weight of evidence.     

Predictive GIS model for potential mapping of Cu, Pb, Zn mineralization

IntroductionChina is the third richest country in the world ofmineral resources with a total potential value of 11trillion USdollars. Yunnan Provincce is one of theimportant metallogenic belts for nonferrous and pre-cious metal deposits[1].Mineral source …     

浅谈GPS卫星定位系统在高层钢结构变形观测中的应用

GPS卫星定位系统精度高,可以全天候作业,在变形观测中应用广泛.本文主要探讨了利用GPS卫星定位系统对高层钢结构建筑物进行全天候实时变形观测的方法.     

地理信息系统（GIS）在开采沉陷中的应用

结合开采沉陷研究工作的特点，阐述了建立矿山开采沉陷地理信息系统（ＭＳＧＩＳ）的优越性和可行性。分析了ＭＳＧＩＳ空间数据模型的建模过程，针对矿区领域介绍了矿区ＭＳＧＩＳ的系统结构、功能和设计方法，并对ＭＳＧＩＳ数据采集和数据库开发以及空间分析建模等方面进行了初步探讨和研究。     

高校GIS专业课程设置的探索

通过对高校地理信息系统(简称GIS)专业基础理论、基本方法、应用技术、与学科最新发展前沿的深入分析,结合GIS专业学生的知识结构体系,提出了一种新的GIS专业基础课和专业课的设置,在对GIS人才的特点和能力培养途径提出了自己建议的同时,对课程内容及教学形式等相关问题进行了相应地探讨。     

基于“卓越计划”的测绘工程专业GIS教学体系研究与实践

目前,全国各高校正处于以“卓越计划”为载体,迎接创新工程本科应用型人才培养的教育教学改革与发展的转型阶段。测绘学科正在向信息化测绘新阶段转化与跨越,对于测绘工程专业而言,信息化测绘要求测绘工程专业强化GIS知识和技能。文中从GIS与测绘工程专业关系人手,说明GIS在测绘人才培养中的地位,分析GIS教学体系与测绘人才需求的矛盾,并以黑龙江工程学院测绘工程专业建设实践为例,阐述面向“卓越计划”的测绘工程专业GIS教学体系的初步构想。     

论自动化和智能化空间对地观测数据处理系统的建立

未来１０年遥感对地观测技术的发展使得遥感影像的获取将走向多种传感器、多分辨率、多谱段和多时相。各国计划发射的对地观测卫星将使我们能够同时获取大量的、不同分辨率的、多谱段的可见光、红外、微波辐射和侧视雷达的数据。从而构成用于全球变化研究、环境监测、资源调查、灾害防治的多层次遥感影像金字塔。为了能够及时地、充分地利用这些对地观测数据来回答地学研究和人类社会发展所面临时的问题，更好地发挥遥感为国民经济建设服务的巨大潜力，必须从技术上建立一个自动化和智能化的空间对地观测数据处理系统。鉴于目前应用滞后于发射，软件落后于硬件的现实情况，本文简要叙述建立自动化和智能化空间对地观测数据处理系统的必要性和可能性，分析建立该系统的主要目标和需解决的关键技术并希望国家集中各有关方面的人力和财力来共同攻关，以建立和完善我国的地球科学信息系统，提高综合研究与深入分析的现代化水平。     

Human genome behaviour: a powerful mechanism for optimizing the use of space technology in surveying networks design

An approach based on the behaviour of human genome is developed to efficiently provide a general framework for optimizing the use of space technology in surveying networks design. The developed approach attempts to apply the successful self-organizing principles based upon the biological evolution to artificial intelligence. It mimics the phenomena of natural selection observed in nature to achieve its goals by continuously adopting a population of candidate solutions and improving its performance over successive generations. The goal of adaptation is to find the best solution that optimizes the design of a surveying network based on the use of satellite observations. This network can be defined as a set of stations, co-ordinated by a series of sessions formed by placing receivers on the stations. The problem is to search for the best order for observing these sessions to give the best observation schedule at minimum cost. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the developed technique in term of solution quality and computational efforts. The Corresponding Author in formed me that his address is likely to change soon. Please contact me, leick@spatial.maine.edu for the latest on this change.     

空间决策支持系统中的模型标准化问题研究

模型标准化是空间决策支持系统有效管理和使用模型手基础。在研究空间决策支持系统模型特征及其表达的基础上,围绕着模型标准化问题,分别探讨了空间决策支持系统中模型的分类,编码,基于面向对象方法的模型字典和模型结构形式,给出了相应的建设性结果。     

散乱数据内插平原地区DEM的方法

以我国东部平原地区钱营孜煤矿矿区为案例,根据实测的散乱数据,使用交叉统计检验和视觉特征分析了ANUDEM方法和与地理信息系统领域中常用传统插值方法的空间插值结果。分析表明,在平原地区,TIN方法生成的DEM具有较高的精度,ANUDEM方法生成的DEM能够准确反映水文地貌。     

3S技术的发展趋势与在城市规划中的应用前景

概述了GIS,RS,GPS的基本原理和发展趋势,分析了其在地形图更新、现状调查与数据管理、现状评价与空间分析、交通调查与模拟分析、方案评价与成果表现、信息发布与公众参与、规划管理与执法监察中的应用前景。     

Integrated adjustment of CHAMP, GRACE, and GPS data

Various types of observations, such as space-borne Global positioning system (GPS) code and phase data, accelerometer data, K-band range and range-rate data, and ground-based satellite laser ranging data of the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and GRAvity Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite missions, are used together with ground-based GPS code and phase data in a rigorous adjustment to eventually solve for the ephemerides of the CHAMP, GRACE, and GPS satellites, geocenter variations, and low-degree gravity field parameters. It turns out that this integrated adjustment considerably improves the accuracy of the ephemerides for the high and low satellites, geocenter variations, and gravity field parameters, compared to the case when the adjustment is carried out stepwise or in individual satellite solutions.Acknowledgments. This study has been supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research through the Geotechnologies Programme grants 03F0333A/CHAMP and 03F0326A/GRACE.