冕洞边缘结构对日冕物质抛射的可能贡献

分析了１９８０、１９８４和１９８９年ＳＭＭ卫星观测到的１４０次日冕物质抛射事件在时空分布上与“冕洞边缘结构”、耀斑爆发和爆发日珥等事件的相关关系。结果表明,ＣＭＥ事件与日冕边缘结构的关系最密切。此外,ＣＭＥ与赤道冕洞具有同步的长期演化关系。由此认为,冕洞边缘结构对ＣＭＥ的可能贡献是不可忽视的。     

日珥上升运动和日冕物质抛射的关系

本文基于观测日珥上升运动与日冕物质抛射（CME）之间的紧密联系和我们对日珥动力学特征的理解，探讨了在背景场作用下，日珥上升时其上方盔状冕流的动力学演化规律；分析了1980年8月18日爆发日珥与对应的CME事件之间的内在关系．结果表明：（1）缓慢上升的日珥只引起盔状冕流缓慢演化；（2）加速上升日珥的加速度和末速度的大小决定形成CME事件的激烈程度；（3）CME事件的能量可能来源于爆发日环释放的磁能．理论分析与观测结果基本一致．     

冕洞边缘结构对日冕物质抛射的可能贡献

分析了１９８０ 、１９８４ 和１９８９ 年 Ｓ Ｍ Ｍ 卫星观测到的１４０ 次日冕物质抛射（ Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ） 事件在时空分布上与“冕洞边缘结构”、耀斑爆发和爆发日珥等事件的相关关系。结果表明, Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 事件与日冕边缘结构的关系最密切。此外, Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 与赤道冕洞具有同步的长期演化关系。由此认为, 冕洞边缘结构对 Ｃ Ｍ Ｅ 的可能贡献是不可忽视的     

对地日冕物质抛射研究

日冕物质抛射，作为太阳大气中频繁发生的极为壮观的活动现象，越来越受到太阳物理学家的关注。其中一类特殊的抛射事件－－对地日冕物质抛射，通常与大的地磁暴、行星际激波和高能粒子事件相伴生，具有强烈的地球物理效应，是影响空间天气的主要因素之一。概括了对地日冕物质抛射的研究现状，重点介绍了与对土日冕物质抛射事件相联系的光球向量磁场演化的观测研究成果，并由典型事件探讨了暗条爆发、耀五等剧烈太阳活动和对地日冕物质抛射之间的密切关系，提出了尚待解决的主要问题和进一步的研究方向。     

日冕磁场重建方法在研究太阳爆发活动中的应用

太阳是与地球关系最为密切的天体.发生在日面上的剧烈爆发性活动可能对人类的生存环境产生巨大影响甚至是灾难性后果.包含太阳耀斑、暗条爆发和日冕物质抛射在内的太阳爆发活动是同一物理过程的不同表现形式,其能量来源于爆发前储存在日冕中的磁场自由能.因此,了解日冕磁场的3维结构是理解太阳爆发的触发机制以及活动区的稳定性等现象的前提.由于观测技术限制,目前尚无法对日冕磁场进行常规观测,因此发展了多种利用可常规观测的光球磁场来重建日冕磁场的方法.主要评述近10 yr来各种日冕磁场重建方法在研究太阳爆发活动中的应用.     

第23周峰年云南天文太阳射电观测研究选题

基于云南天文台射频谱仪的频率设置,第２３周太阳峰年期,我们作了下列观测研究选题;（１）质子耀斑的初始能量释放过程及粒子加速研究。（２）通过微波－分米波运动Ⅳ型爆发观测,开展日冕物质抛射研究。（３）射电快速精细结构及微耀斑研究。（４）通过频谱观测发展日冕磁场的诊断方法、反演磁场的拓扑结构。（５）开展太阳突变事件中的射电先兆研究,为日地空间环境警报提供射电观测依据。     

第23周峰年云南天文台太阳射电观测研究选题

基于云南天文台射电频谱仪的频率设置,第２３ 周太阳峰年期,我们作了下列观测研究选题：（１） 质子耀斑的初始能量释放过程及粒子加速研究。（２） 通过微波———分米波运动Ⅳ型爆发观测,开展日冕物质抛射研究。（３） 射电快速精细结构及微耀斑研究。（４） 通过频谱观测发展日冕磁场的诊断方法、反演磁场的拓朴结构。（５） 开展太阳灾变事件中的射电先兆研究,为日地空间环境警报提供射电观测依据     

日冕物质抛射的偏转特性研究

日冕物质抛射(CME)是巨大的、携带磁力线的泡沫状气体,在几个小时中被从太阳抛射出来的过程。日冕物质抛射伴随着大量带电粒子和辐射的释放,这些物质进入日地空间,对日地空间的磁场造成很大扰动;当它们传播到地球附近时,则严重影响地球的磁场,产生磁暴,也对空间和地面的电子设备造成干扰。日冕物质抛射在传播过程中如果发生偏转,将影响它对地有效性。因此研究日冕物质抛射的偏转特性,对预报日冕物质抛射对日地空间的影响具有重要意义。主要利用2007年10月8日STEREO卫星的日冕物质抛射观测资料,结合全日面线性无力场模型(Global Linear Force-Free Field,GLFFF)进行磁场外推,分析日冕物质抛射偏转与背景磁场能量密度分布之间的关系,并计算日冕物质抛射的运动轨迹。通过改变无力因子α,发现当α=0.15时,计算得到的日冕物质抛射运动轨迹与实际观测的日冕物质抛射运动轨迹拟合得最好。     

太阳表面磁场的分布与演化研究进展

太阳磁场、较差自转和内部对流使得日面磁场与磁活动在很大的时间尺度和空间尺度范围均表现得相当复杂.其中最有名的是太阳活动的11年周期,或22年磁周期.在较小时间尺度上,从几秒到几小时,有时太阳大气中会发生一些壮观的爆发事件,如耀斑、日珥爆发、日冕物质抛射等.所有这些形式的事件都与太阳磁场紧密关联.简单评述了太阳磁场起源与观测方法,重点论述了不同尺度太阳磁场的空间分布与演化,介绍了从太阳磁活动现象统计得到的有关太阳磁场的几个典型特征,同时讨论了进一步研究的方向.     

一个拱桥状爆发日珥

1991年3月7日在太阳东北边缘产生了一个爆发日珥。它产生在没有耀斑、暗条、黑子等其它太阳活动现象的一个相对宁静的日面区域。日珥抛射的最大高度为6.97×104km,最大长度为11.6×104km,从形态的大小来看它属于中等偏小的爆发日珥。抛射的时间过程,上升阶段非常快,而下降阶段则较缓慢,有类似于耀斑爆发的时间过程。日珥爆发后的绝大部分物质基本上在磁场作用下沿磁力线作抛物线运动形成拱桥形状,并保持到消失。日珥下降前后,顶端有少部分物质被抛射脱离日珥主体部分,扩散到行星际空间。     

CME-Flare Association Deduced from Catastrophic Model of CMEs

Based on our previous works regarding solar eruptions, we focus on the relationships among different eruptive phenomena, such as solar flares, eruptive prominences and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The three processes show clear correlations under certain circumstances. The correlation between a CME and solar flare depends the energy that stored in the relevant magnetic structure, which is available to drive the eruption: the more energy that is stored, the better the correlation is; otherwise, the correlation is poor. The correlation between a CME and eruptive prominence, on the other hand, depends on the plasma mass concentration in the configuration prior to the eruption: if the mass concentration is significant, a CME starts with an eruptive prominence, otherwise, a CME develops an without an apparent associated eruptive prominence. These results confirm that solar flares, eruptive prominences and CMEs are different significances of a single physical process that is related to the energy release in a disrupted coronal magnetic field. The impact of gravity on CME propagation and the above correlations is also investigated. Our calculations indicate that the effect of gravity is not significant unless the strength of the background field in the disrupted magnetic configuration becomes weak, say weaker than 30 G.     

Simultaneous SOHO and Ground-Based Observations of a Large Eruptive Prominence and Coronal Mass Ejection

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are frequently associated with erupting prominences near the solar surface. A spectacular eruption of the southern polar crown prominence was observed on 2 June 1998, accompanied by a CME that was well-observed by the LASCO coronagraphs on SOHO. The prominence was observed in its quiescent state and was followed throughout its eruption by the SOHO EIT and later by LASCO as the bright, twisted core of the CME. Ground-based H observations of the prominence were obtained at the Ondejov Observatory in the Czech Republic. A great deal of fine structure was observed within the prominence as it erupted. The prominence motion was found to rotate about its axis as it moved outward. The CME contained a helical structure that is consistent with the ejection of a magnetic flux rope from the Sun. Similar structures have been observed by LASCO in many other CMEs. The relationship of the flux rope to other structures in the CME is often not clear. In this event, the prominence clearly lies near the trailing edge of the structure identified as a flux rope. This structure can be observed from the onset of the CME in the low corona all the way out to the edge of the LASCO field of view. The initiation and evolution of the CME are modeled using a fully self-consistent, 3D axisymmetric, MHD code.     

Eruptive prominences of 1980 april 27 observed during STIP interval — X

Observations and analyses of two similar eruptive prominences on the north-east limb observed on 1980 April 27 at 0231 and 0517 UT, which are associated with the Boulder active region No. 2416 are presented. Both the eruptive prominences gave rise to white-light coronal transients as observed by C/P experiment of High Altitude Observatory on the Solar Maximum Mission. Type II and moving type IV radio bursts are reported in association with the first Hα eruptive prominence at 0231 UT. Both the Hα eruptive prominences showed pulse activity with a quasi-periodicity of about 2–4 min. We estimate a magnetic field in the eruptive prominence of about 100 G and a build-up rate ∼ 10²⁶ ergs^-1. The high build-up rate indicates that the shearing of the photospheric magnetic field, which fed the energy into the filament, was rapid. It is proposed that fast-moving Hα features must have initiated the observed coronal transients. From Hα, type II and coronal-transient observations, we estimate a magnetic field of 2.8 G at 1.9R⊙ from the disc centre, which agrees well with the earlier results.     

Eruptive prominence and associated CME observed with SUMER, CDS and LASCO (SOHO)

Observations of an eruptive prominence were obtained on 1 May 1996, with the SUMER and CDS instruments aboard SOHO during the preparatory phase of the Joint Observing Programme JOP12. A coronal mass ejection observed with LASCO is associated temporally and spatially with this prominence. The main objective of JOP12 is to study the dynamics of prominences and the prominence–corona interface. By analysing the spectra of Oiv and Siiv lines observed with SUMER and the spectra of 15 lines with CDS, Doppler shifts, temperatures and electron densities (ratio of Oiv 1401 to 1399Å) were derived in different structures of the prominence. The eruptive part of the prominence consists of a bubble (plasmoid) of material already at transition region temperatures with red shifts up to 100 km s^-1 and an electron density of the order of 10¹⁰cm^-3. The whole prominence was very active. It developed both a large helical loop and several smaller loops consisting of twisted threads or multiple ropes. These may be studied in the SUMER movie (movie 2). The profiles of the SUMER lines show a large dispersion of velocities (±50 km s^-1) and the ratio of the Oiv lines indicates a large dispersion in electron density (3 x 10⁹cm^-3 to 3x 10¹¹cm^-3). The CME observed by LASCO left the corona some tens of minutes before the prominence erupted. This is evidence that the prominence eruptions are probably the result of the removal of the restraining coronal magnetic fields which are in part responsible for the original stability of the prominence.     

Soho Contribution to Prominence Science

We present the main current issues concerning prominence studies. We recall the large range of plasma parameters found in prominences which makes the work of the MHD modeler more difficult. We also summarize the capabilities of the SOHO instrumentation. We present and discuss the most recent SOHO results concerning the determination of temperature, densities, and velocities. We put some emphasis on the different morphologies observed, the diagnostic capabilities of the Lyman lines profiles when accompanied by improved non-LTE modeling, and the information gathered from the first prominence oscillations measured from space. We also make an account of eruptive prominences. We finally discuss what could be done with present and future SOHO data to improve our understanding of prominences.     

Activity associated with the solar origin of coronal mass ejections

Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed in 1980 with the HAO Coronagraph/Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite are compared with other forms of solar activity that might be physically related to the ejections. The solar phenomena checked and the method of association used were intentionally patterned after those of Munro et al.'s (1979) analysis of mass ejections observed with the Skylab coronagraph to facilitate comparison of the two epochs. Comparison of the results reveals that the types and degree of CME associations are similar near solar activity minimum and at maximum. For both epochs, most CMEs with associations had associated eruptive prominences and the proportions of association of all types of activity were similar. We also found a high percentage of association between SMM CMEs and X-ray long duration events (LDEs), in agreement with Skylab results. We conclude that most CMEs are the result of the destabilization and eruption of a prominence and its overlying coronal structure, or of a magnetic structure capable of supporting a prominence.Much of this work was performed as a Visiting Scientist at the High Altitude Observatory/NCAR.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

Structural characteristics of eruptive prominences

Nowadays the primordial importance of the magnetic field for coronal plasma physics is well known. However, its determination is only made in cool regions, mainly the photosphere and prominences. The extrapolation to the corona gives some indications of the magnetic structure but is not presently sufficiently reliable. So it is important to consider all the other observable physical effects of the magnetic field.In this puzzle, eruptive prominences may play a key role because the cool plasma is forced to move along field lines, which can then be visualized. In the strongest field regions, flares also give such information, while coronal mass ejections (CME) play such a role at larger scales. The magnetic field, which is at the base of the physical processes, is a common link between these different events.Observed properties of solar prominence eruptions are reviewed, then their relationships with CMEs and flares are discussed, with the help of present models. We emphasize the importance of magnetic measurements in future coordinated observations.Invited paper presented at the IAU Commission 10 Meeting on Dynamics and Structure of Prominences in Buenos Aires.     

Eruptive prominence associated with limb flare of 25 January 1991

We have observed an eruptive prominence at the east solar limb on 25 January 1991 which started earlier than 0623 UT and was associated with a limb flare (S16 E90) of class 1B/ X10.0. We have recorded a huge mass ejection in the corona by the limb flare associated eruptive prominence. The eruptive prominence ejected a part of the loop in the corona with maximum speed of about 1280 km/sec. The ejected material attain height upto 150,000 km in the corona and finally faded/disappeared in the corona. During the ascending phase of the prominence material in the corona there was a unscrewing of the loop system associated with the eruptive prominence. The type II, III, and IV radio bursts were also reported by a number of Radio Observatories during observation of the eruptive prominence. The high flux of sudden ionospheric disturbances and the solar radio emissions on fixed frequencies (245–80000 MHz) were also recorded. The eruptive prominence associated with limb flare also shows increased proton flux (>10 MeV) during its occurence. The flare was classified as X10.0 flare. In this paper we have analysed the observed data and compared it with the theoretical model of the solar flare.On leave from his original Institute     

Study of a large helical eruptive prominence associated with double CME on 21 April 2001

Here we present a preliminary analysis of a helical eruptive prominence at the east limb of the Sun on 21 April 2001. Unusually this eruption is associated with a double CME. We have tried to study the morphology of the event, energy budget of the prominence and associated CMEs. Our analysis shows that the prominence and first CME started simultaneously from the limb and prominence carries sufficient energy to feed both the CMEs. Moreover, it is also concluded that CMEs are magnetically driven and internally powered.