冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群形成时代:锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

本文报道了冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群变质岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果。朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩中的TTG砾石、花岗岩砾石和基质的岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2515±9Ma(MSWD=1.9)、2510±10Ma(MSWD=1.6)和2512±7Ma(MSWD=1.0),朱杖子群底部张家沟组黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2540±6Ma(MSWD=1.6),朱杖子群桲罗台组变质酸性火山岩岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2516±8Ma(MSWD=1.1),单塔子群鲁杖子组黑云变粒岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2504±7Ma(MSWD=1.8),另有一个数据点的207Pb/206Pb年龄为3.04Ga。根据本文定年结果和前人资料,获得主要结论如下:朱杖子群和单塔子群形成于新太古代晚期,很可能为岛弧环境的产物;朱杖子群与下伏单塔子群之间虽存在角度不整合关系,但时间间断不长,朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩不具有底砾岩性质;③绿片岩相—角闪岩相的朱杖子群和单塔子群与角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的遵化深变质绿岩带—三屯营—太平寨—迁安岩浆杂岩区变质程度差异很大,但形成时代相同,是后期构造作用把它们置于同一地壳平面。     

小秦岭变质岩及脉体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对小秦岭地区花岗伟晶岩、花岗片麻岩及含金石英脉中的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定。花岗伟晶岩中的锆石为岩浆锆石,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb平均年龄为1955±30Ma,MSWD=1.4;花岗片麻岩中的锆石复杂,其变质成因"幔"的~(207)pb/~(206)Pb平均年龄为2462±20Ma,MSWD=2.0,铅丢失不谐和直线的上交点年龄为2400～2600Ma;含金石英脉中的锆石为残余锆石,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb平均年龄为1995±86Ma,MSWD=0.092。这些年龄数据为小秦岭地区的构造演化提供了更精确的年龄依据,2400～2600Ma和1900～2000Ma分别代表了小秦岭地区第一期和第二期变质作用的年龄。含金石英脉形成于2000Ma之后,石英脉中没有热液锆石。     

内蒙古中部召河庙北部片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

在内蒙古中部召河庙附近新太古代色尔腾山花岗岩绿岩带北侧,残留着少量经历了麻粒岩相变质变形改造的片麻岩体古地块。单颗粒锆石UPb法年龄测定得到不一致线上交点年龄2519±4Ma、2543±59Ma,代表了紫苏花岗岩的形成时期;不一致线上交点年龄2750±46Ma,207Pb/206Pb表面年龄3049±1.4Ma,是迄今为止本区获得的最大UPb同位素年龄,反映了残存初始地壳的年代信息。     

冀北中低级变质表壳岩的年代学特征及其对华北克拉通构造演化的约束

华北克拉通在新太古代末期发生克拉通化,形成了现今规模的古陆,大量的太古宙岩石均经历了~2500Ma左右的区域高级变质作用(高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相)。而华北克拉通北部冀北地区出露一套中低级变质(绿片岩相-角闪岩相)的火山-沉积岩系,主要包括胡麻营地区红旗营子表壳岩和大阴山地区单塔子表壳岩中变质程度较低的部分。胡麻营地区红旗营子表壳岩系主要岩石组合为变基性火山岩、绿帘角闪岩、斜长角闪岩、含石榴石斜长角闪岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云二长片麻岩、石英片岩、磁铁石英岩等,SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明斜长角闪岩形成于2486±18Ma(MSWD=1.4),而黑云斜长片麻岩形成于2507±37Ma(MSWD=2.0)。大阴山地区单塔子中低级变质表壳岩系主要由浅变质火山岩、云母石英片岩、斜长角闪岩、磁铁石英岩和大理岩等组成,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,浅变质火山岩中的变玄武岩形成于2490±19Ma(MSWD=2.0),而变英安岩形成于2502±8Ma(MSWD=0.83)。因此,冀北中低级变质的表壳岩系主要形成于新太古代末期,形成年龄为2507~2486Ma;结合冀东青龙地区新太古代末期(2511~2503Ma)的浅变质火山-沉积岩系(青龙表壳岩),我们认为新太古代末期,中低级变质表壳岩系广泛分布于华北克拉通的核部和边缘地区,此套岩系覆盖在太古宙高级变质杂岩之上,代表华北克拉通化之后的稳定盖层,是克拉通化的主要标志之一。     

鲁西地区新太古代中期岩浆活动——新甫山与上港等岩体锆石SHRIMPU—Pb定年的证据

新甫山、上港岩体分布于鲁西新太古代早期泰山岩群和英云闪长质片麻岩、条带状英云闪长质片麻岩组成的古陆核的东北部。主要岩性为片麻状花岗闪长岩及片麻状奥长花岗岩。根据新的锆石SHRIMPU—Pb定年结果,片麻状花岗闪长岩形成年龄为（2613±12）Ma,片麻状奥长花岗岩形成年龄为（26234±9）Ma,为新太古代中期形成。在泰山桃花峪一下港之间出露的条带状英云闪长质片麻岩中奥长花岗质脉体锆石U—Pb年龄在2660～2600Ma。该期岩体是新太古代早期英云闪长质片麻岩发生变质作用与重熔岩浆作用的产物。     

新太古代花岗片麻岩中麻粒岩包体磷灰石U-Pb定年对燕辽裂陷槽中元古代长城群底界年龄的制约

近年来,燕辽裂陷槽中-新元古界年代学研究进展突出,最重要的进展之一是长城群底界年龄的确定,目前基本可以比较准确地将其定为1 650 Ma。本文报道了支持此认识的新证据——下伏于长城群常州沟组之下的新太古代片麻岩中的麻粒岩包体的磷灰石U-Pb年龄。通过高精度ID-TIMS定年方法,对天津蓟县下营镇常州村附近长城群常州沟组不整合覆盖的新太古代遵化杂岩中的麻粒岩中磷灰石进行了U-Pb定年,获得了制约"长城群"底界的年龄:~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb表面年龄加权平均值为1 666±16 Ma(MSWD=1.8,n=11),不一致线上交点年龄1 667±23 Ma(MSWD=1.7,n=11),二者在误差范围内完全一致。该测年成果再一次有力制约了燕辽裂陷槽长城群的底界年龄为1 650 Ma。     

北苏鲁变辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成及其对源区的指示

在北苏鲁经历超高压变质的花岗片麻岩中零星分布着一些变质表壳岩包体或者残片,通常称之为荆山群。北苏鲁荆山群的年代学特征以及构造亲缘性仍不清楚。本文报道了威海市郊和海阳所附近的荆山群露头,有脉状变质辉长岩侵入到荆山群岩系中。对上述两处变质辉长岩中锆石的阴极发光照片、稀土元素配分模式和Th/U比值的综合分析表明,它们均为岩浆锆石,部分岩浆锆石具有弱发光效应和岩浆韵律环带的核部、以及被改造的强发光效应的边部,但未见新生的变质锆石。未被改造的岩浆锆石微区的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,威海市郊变辉长岩(S4-2)的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄值变化范围是1831~1966 Ma,加权平均年龄为1870±34 Ma(MSWD=0.6);海阳所变辉长岩(H3)中绝大部分锆石的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄值变化范围是1769~1887 Ma,加权平均年龄为1839±37 Ma(MSWD=0.5),两件样品共同记录了一致的ca.1.85 Ga岩浆事件。另外,海阳所变辉长岩中3颗捕获的岩浆锆石分别测得ca.2.9 Ga、ca.2.3 Ga和ca.2.1 Ga等三组~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄。两件样品ca.1.85 Ga岩浆锆石具有相似的Hf同位素组成,其ε_(Hf)(t)=-6.1~-10.7,t_(DM2)=2.74~2.98 Ga,捕获ca.2.1 Ga和ca.2.9 Ga锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值和t_(DM2)年龄分别是-1.9和2.7 Ga、-4.8和3.5 Ga。锆石U-Pb年龄、Lu-Hf同位素特征表明,北苏鲁两处变辉长岩记录的岩浆事件与胶北前寒武纪陆壳的多期演化历史一致,变辉长岩及其围岩荆山群可能是源自胶北的外来地质体。     

沂南县铜井金矿床锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对山东省沂南铜井金矿矿石中的锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了2组谐和年龄,其中7个测点构成的谐和线上交点年龄数值为(2 500±15)Ma(MSWD=5.0),有5个测点构成的谐和线年龄数值为(128.6±3.6)Ma(MSWD=0.89).研究认为,前者基本代表了新太古代二长花岗岩的形成年龄,...     

帕米尔地区穆尔尕布辉长岩-闪长岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及岩石地球化学证据

穆尔尕布岩体位于塔吉克斯坦帕米尔地区中部,中帕米尔和南帕米尔之间的Rushan-Pshart缝合带中,岩石类型主要由辉长岩和少量闪长岩组成,呈岩株状侵入于新元古代(?)萨雷吉尔加组浅变质碎屑岩中。根据LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果,穆尔尕布岩体中辉长岩的年龄为(232.0±1.5)Ma,闪长岩的年龄为(231.5±1.9)Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,代表了该岩体的形成时代。辉长岩和闪长岩中锆石的εHf(t)值变化范围分别为4.8~12.1、6.4~10,加权平均值为8.1±1.5(MSWD=6.5)和7.9±0.8(MSWD=2.4),显示其原岩来源于地幔物质,其单阶段Hf模式年龄TDM1分别为477~621 Ma,391~672 Ma,指示其原岩为寒武纪—前寒武纪基底。岩石地球化学研究表明,辉长岩类具有贫碱、低Al、富Mg特征,属于低钾(拉斑)系列,闪长岩类则显示富Si、Al,贫Mg、低Ti的特征,属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列;两者的稀土和微量元素特征相似,稀土总量高,呈轻稀土富集的右倾型配分型式,无Eu异常或轻微正Eu异常,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,指示穆尔尕布岩体可能形成于岛弧环境。综合区域地质资料,认为在晚三叠世Rushan洋陆俯冲尚未结束,表明洋盆闭合时限晚于232 Ma。     

浙西南玉岩花岗片麻岩锆石U-Pb年代学——华夏地块古老基底物质的探讨

通过对浙西南遂昌县玉岩古元古代花岗片麻岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,以探讨和揭示华夏地区基底的物质组成。玉岩花岗片麻岩锆石可分为两类:第一类锆石年龄相对年轻,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄介于597~1917 Ma之间,结合稀土元素特征,表明为变质成因锆石,在锆石谐和图上,15个年轻锆石点整体上构成了一条不一致线,其上交点年龄为1904±19Ma,代表了片麻岩形成的变质时间,表明华夏地区存在古老的古元古代晚期岩浆岩-变质岩基底,下交点年龄为262±47Ma,可能记录了华夏地块晚二叠世―早三叠世构造-变质作用的响应。第二类锆石年龄相对较老,锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄介于2087~2523Ma之间,锆石发育核幔结构并有明显的振荡环带,较老的锆石年龄表明华夏地区可能存在太古宙末至2.5Ga的古老基底物质。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the