构建极地“三大平台” 推动“数字极地”建设——908专项“数字海洋”极地研究中心节点成果与应用

<正>极地科学数据作为极地科学考察活动所产生的原始性、基础性数据及其实验分析研究结果,具有重要的科学价值、经济价值和社会价值。我国极地科学考察和研究持续开展了20多年,采集了大量极地科学数据,这些数据是国家花费大量的     

构建极地“三大平台”推动“数字极地”建设——908专项“数字海洋”极地研究中心节点成果与应用

极地科学数据作为极地科学考察活动所产生的原始性、基础性数据及其实验分析研究结果，具有重要的科学价值、经济价值和社会价值。我国极地科学考察和研究持续开展了20多年，采集了大量极地科学数据，这些数据是国家花费大量的人力、物力和财力取得的，是我国极地研究的基础，     

908专项:"数字海洋"极地研究中心节点成果与应用

我国极地科学考察和研究持续开展了20多年,采集了大量极地科学数据,这些数据是国家花费大量的人力、物力和财力取得的,是我国极地研究的基础,得来不易、非常宝贵,有必要进行科学管理、深入挖掘和充分利用.但是,这些数据正面临着保存不善、管理缺失甚至流失等问题,更谈不上充分利用,原因是多方面的.     

基于XML的极地数据模型设计与实现

针对极地科学考察的实际情况与科学数据管理的迫切需求,对基于XM L的极地数据模型技术进行研究,提出了模型的逻辑设计与物理设计,并以中国第13次南极考察走航气象观测数据进行验证,实现了XM L标准格式的转换。     

试论极地考察站务档案的形成、积累与保管

我国自1984年起,通过近20年的努力,已经在南极相继建成了中国南极长城站和中国南极中山站两个常年科学考察基地,在北极建立了中国黄河站,成功地开展了19次南极考察和2次北极综合科学考察,取得了一批具有世界影响的科研成果,为维护我国在国际极地事务中的权益,开展两极的科学研究作出了重要贡献。极地考察站的站务档案真实地记录着极地考察的历史和主要文件,具有最为完整的考察站日常管理信息,成为最重要的极地科学考察管理史料。本文将分析极地考察站务档案收集、积累和保管中存在的问题,为进一步做好档案工作提出见解和认识。     

中国第18次南极考察启程

中国南极考察队使用“雪龙”号极地科学考察船已连续 7年进行大洋考察 ,圆满完成了“九五”国家极地科学考察项目。“十五”期间的南大洋海洋科学考察拟以贯彻集中一个重点海域、布设有限固定断面和站位、年年复测和逐步加强走航观测的科学战略。 2 0 0 1年 1 1月 1 5日“雪龙”号从上海启程 ,开始了第 1 8次南极考察 ,将继续进行物理海洋学、海洋化学、海洋生物学和大洋碳循环等学科的考察。“雪龙”号极地科学考察船现已装备有较先进的海洋观测设备 :具有提升重量达 2 2 70 kg、缆长 60 0 0 m的 CTD水文绞车和提升重量达1 t、缆长 1 2 0…     

2007与2008年夏季北极海冰变化特征及原因的对比分析

2008年进行的中国第三次北极科学考察是我国响应国际极地年(IPY)计划的一个重要组成部分.通过本次考察我们在物理海洋、海洋化学、生物海洋学、地质及地球物理等领域取得丰富的数据.国家海洋环境预报中心承担航线保障及海冰观测任务,预报和观测的同时,积累了大量现场气象和海冰观测数据及卫星云图资料.本文利用这些数据,结合极地共享数据及历史观测资料和再分析数据,对2008年夏季北极地区大气、海冰的特征进行综合分析,同时,通过对2008年与2007年夏季北极大气环流的比较分析,研究在全球变暖的背景下,影响北极夏季海冰分布的主导因素.     

国务院副总理曾培炎在“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式上的致词

很高兴前来参加“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式。国际极地年是全球范围的科学家共同策划、联合开展的大规模极地科学考察     

信息动态

经国务院批准,我国新建的极地科学考察破冰船计划在2013年完成建造。届时我国南北极科学考察的后勤保障能力和科学考察的平台建设将迈上一个新的台阶。     

国际极地年的背景与发展动态

一、国际极地年的由来在过去一个多世纪的时间里,全球的科学家联合组织过三次极地科学考察活动,它们分别是:第一个国际极地     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev