山东鲁北平原地下水资源与可持续利用

鲁北平原目前区内供水水源以黄河客水和地下水为主。最新均衡计算结果为:浅层地下水开采资源量37 03×108m3 a,深层地下水开采资源量2 62×108m3 a。据山东省水资源可持续利用总体规划报告,现状年需水量约74×108m3 a,2010年需水量为93×108m3 a,2030年需水量为109×108m3 a,现状年供需基本平衡,远景供水不足。浅层地下水易采易补,更新能力强,应以合理调控水位为中心,优先开采浅层地下水,充分发挥浅层地下水资源的供水功能,尤其是东阿—齐河—商河—利津沿黄地区更应加强开发浅层水的力度。浅层水为可持续利用的地下水资源量。深层地下水更新能力弱,应严格限制其开发利用。在德州、滨州漏斗中心区,建议实施部分封井,调减开采量。实行地表水与地下水联合调度,优化水资源开发结构,适当增加地表水引用量,实施含水层的恢复工程,遏制地面沉降等环境问题的继续发展,走全面、协调、可持续发展的路子。     

河北平原地下水资源与可持续利用

河北平原是我国水资源供需矛盾最为突出的地区之一,自70年代以来大量动用地下水的储存量,导致山前局部地区浅部含水层疏干,中东部平原深层地下水水位大幅下降,并诱发了地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题。河北平原地下水总补给量约139 62×108m3 a,可采资源为107 75×108m3 a。1985～1995年地下水平均开采量133 1×108m3 a,即平均超采25 35×108m3 a,其中深层淡水超采10 01×108m3 a。本文提出调整布局,充分挖掘地下水资源潜力。河北平原中东部咸水分布区的浅层淡水分布面积17857km2,尚有约20×108m3 a的开采潜力。节约挖潜,调整产业结构,使工农业结构及人口适应水资源的承载力。合理调控地下水的开采深度,浅层水循环交替积极,具有开放性和可恢复性,采补均衡的着力点应放在浅部。地下水资源的可持续利用与社会经济可持续发展的结合点,在于维护浅部地下水动态均衡上。     

银川平原地下水流模拟与地下水资源评价

针对近年来引黄水量大幅度降低、地下水补给条件发生巨大改变的情况,应用地下水模拟技术评价银川平原地下水资源量。根据土地利用类型、主要沟渠分布及测流资料对源汇项数据进行时空分配处理,运用MODFLOW建立了银川平原地下水流模拟模型;以2004—2005年为模拟期,通过深浅层地下水流场和典型长观孔过程线拟合对模型进行了识别验证。考虑45×108m3/a引黄量条件下,应用模型评价出地下水补给资源量为19.41×108m3/a,其中引黄渗漏补给为16.95×108m3/a。结合水源地开采布局、地下水溶解性总固体分区等因素,评价出银川平原地下水可开采资源总量11.30×108m3/a,其中小于1g/L的淡水可开采资源量为8.8×108m3/a。     

中牟县浅层地下水资源评价

在分析中牟县水文地质条件的基础上,采用均衡原理对中牟县浅层地下水资源及可开采资源进行定量评价。评价结果表明中牟县地下水多年平均补给资源量为19927.89×104m3/a、多年平均排泄量21984.70×104m3/a,地下水处于负均衡状态,主要原因为开采量过大和补给不足所致。     

天津市地下水资源与可持续利用

天津市是我国主要缺水城市之一。1990～2000年地表水年平均用水量16 33×108m3,地下水年平均用水量7 11×108m3,地下水的供水比例约占30%左右。1990～2002年,按全国统一部署,对天津市地下水资源进行了新一轮评价,评价结果是天津市地下水天然资源为18 13×108m3 a,矿化度小于5g L的天然资源为15 75×108m3 a,可开采资源为8 27×108m3 a,其中浅层水2 58×108m3 a,深层水3 56×108m3 a,隐伏岩溶水1 24×108m3 a,山区1 10×108m3 a。天津市地下水开采程度已达90 45%,除蓟县、宝坻、宁河、静海略有盈余,其余各区、县已超采。要解决天津市规划需水量(2010年)56 76×108m3 a的要求,必须采取外调水源、工农业节水和污水回收利用、海水淡化利用、利用坑、塘、洼、淀尽可能拦蓄汛期弃水等措施。天津市每年7×108～8×108m3的地下水资源为多年稳定补给的地下水资源,属可持续利用的水资源,但必须调整开采布局,压缩深层水的开采量,以遏制地面沉降继续发展。在连续干旱年份,为解决城镇生产及生活用水的燃眉之急,保证城市供水安全,建立一种非常规的并有一定开采周期的应急供水水源地,可缓解一部分供水压力。经初步论证,蓟县平原区和宝坻中北部第四系全淡水区及邻近的咸水分布区,有望建成大型集中供水水源地。经勘查,蓟     

甘肃省地下水资源及其开发利用状况研究

甘肃省地处我国西北内陆,地下水资源匮乏,水资源供需矛盾突出,查明地下水资源大账显得十分必要。本文在全面收集和分析以往不同时期水文地质勘查及研究成果基础上,按不同水文地质单元、行政区划、地貌单元较系统地总结了各区地下水资源量,简要分析了开发利用状况。结果表明,甘肃省地下水天然补给资源量132.79×108m^3/a。其中,内陆河流域51.80×108m^3/a,黄河流域47.07×108m^3/a,长江流域33.91×108m^3/a;西部地区57.86×108m^3/a,东部地区20.97×108m^3/a,南部地区53.95×108m^3/a;山区80.98×108m^3/a,平原区51.80×108m^3/a。全省现有地下水开采机井约3.5×104眼,地下水开采量26.2×108m^3/a,地下水可开采资源量53.89×108m^3/a。西部地区开发利用程度较高,尤其是石羊河的民勤县地下水严重超采。东部和南部地区开发利用程度较低。     

连续特枯年份下呼包平原水资源短缺的对策研究

文章对呼包平原地下水多年平均补给量和可开采资源量进行了评价,并运用51年降水资料分析确定了特枯年份的降水量,预测了该地区在连续特枯年份下的地下水水量及水位的变化情况。结果表明:地下水多年平均可开采资源量为5.850 5×108m3,在连续遭遇特枯年份下累计动用储存量达7.529 5×108m3,潜水和承压含水层地下水位出现大幅度下降,其中漏斗中心主要分布在呼和浩特和包头市城区。结合呼包平原现状条件下地下水资源评价情况,文章有针对性地提出该地区连续遭遇特枯年份下的水资源对策。     

焦作市万方工业园及周边区域浅层地下水资源计算与评价

为查明万方工业园区及周边区域浅层地下水资源状况,利用均衡法分析评价浅层地下水开采潜力。计算结果表明:研究区域的补给量为2.463×104m3/d,排泄量为0.763 5×104m3/d,平均开采潜力为1.700×104m3/d,区内浅层地下水水量充沛,水质良好,适合生产生活使用。为区域内水资源管理、开发利用提供科学依据。     

北京市平原区地下水资源开采现状及评价

本文分析了北京市平原区地下水资源的开采现状,探讨了水资源开发利用过程中存在的问题。在分析平原区水文地质条件的基础上,采用FEFLOW软件建立了相应的地下水数值模拟模型,基于识别后的模型进行了水资源评价。研究表明:2000～2003年研究区地下水系统均衡分别为-7 73×108、-6 02×108、-5 95×108和-4 38×108m3,地下水系统的补给源主要是大气降水入渗补给和山前迳流补给,主要的排泄是人工开采。多年平均地下水补给资源量为22 98×108m3。平谷和昌平地区地下水还有开采潜力,密云-怀柔-顺义(密怀顺)平原和城近郊区地下水已过量开采。山前郊县地下水水质优良,城近郊区、大兴、房山和通州部分地区地下水水质较差。文章最后分析了引起地下水污染的主要原因。     

苏州-无锡-常州地区浅层地下水系统可采资源量评价

苏州-无锡-常州地区超量开采深层地下水已引起严重的地质灾害,因此对该地区浅层地下水资源进行科学评价,查明其可开采资源量十分重要.通过对苏州-无锡-常州地区浅层地下水水文地质条件和沉积特征的研究,将浅层地下水划分为4个子区,分析了各子区的特征及补给、径流、排泄条件,并运用GMS软件对全区浅层地下水进行了数值模拟,在给定的水位约束条件下,得出该区可持续开采水资源量为10.57×108 m3/a.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of