奇异性理论在个旧锡铜矿产资源预测中的应用: 成矿弱信息提取和复合信息分解

本研究的目的是应用非线性理论和高新信息处理技术获取矿产资源预测综合信息, 开展以有色金属和贵金属矿产资源潜力评价和预测靶区圈定, 提交个旧及周边地区矿产资源潜力分布图.围绕该研究任务, 重点开展了如何应用奇异性理论和方法, 对比个旧东西矿区的异同.由于区域构造和岩体分布等空间变化性, 导致东西区成矿背景存在较大差异, 受出露地表或近地表矿体分布和矿山开采的影响, 东西区的成矿异常强度和大小都存在较大差异, 东区总体呈高背景而西区为低背景, 因而, 对东西区的成矿信息对比研究和异常圈定相对困难.采用局部奇异性分析方法从地球化学分形密度的角度圈定了局部异常, 在东西区均较好地反映了致矿地球化学异常的分布, 同时采用广义自相似分析方法分解了综合地球化学异常和背景.结果表明, 东西区地球化学背景差异悬殊, 而局部异常具有显著的自相似性.据此在东西区同时圈定的局部异常具有内在的相似性和表现形式上的多样性, 以此为依据所圈定的靶区均具有找矿意义.      

利用样本排序方法比较化探异常识别模型的效果

地球化学异常的有效识别是化探找矿成败的关键环节.利用样本排序方法对各种化探异常识别模型的处理效果和优劣性进行了比较.以云南个旧及其周边地区铜元素水系沉积物为例, 应用元素含量、异常衬度、局部奇异性分析三大类方法对数据进行了处理, 对化探异常指示变量的排序值进行了3个方面的对比: (1) 在高背景区和低背景区样品的排序特征; (2) 有矿出现位置处样品的样本排序特征; (3) 累积面积(等效于上侧样本排序值) 不同分组所圈定的异常范围和矿床(点) 之间的空间相关性.结果表明, 局部奇异性分析方法较按含量高低的全局性方法对弱缓异常识别更为有效, 也相对优于滑动衬值.按奇异性指数基于证据权法圈定的异常远景区更具预测意义, 显著优于用元素含量值所圈定的异常范围.局部奇异性方法原理清晰、方法简便、可操作性强, 在地球化学异常识别中可以用其替代滑动衬值方法.      

非线性理论和模糊证据权方法在内蒙古达来庙草原覆盖区钼多金属矿产预测中的应用

内蒙古达来庙地区是重要的钼多金属矿成矿区,草原覆盖面积达研究区总面积的58.44%。本文对达来庙地区已知矿床(点)地质特征、控矿要素进行总结,建立了研究区钼多金属矿综合信息找矿模型。在GeoDAS GIS平台上,利用非线性理论、奇异性理论以及分形滤波技术,实现了对该区隐伏构造、隐伏岩体、物化探异常等弱缓信息的提取。在找矿模型的构建以及找矿信息提取的基础上,确定9个预测变量,开展基于模糊证据权方法的综合信息矿产预测,圈定成矿远景区25个,对覆盖区找矿具有指示意义。     

钦-杭结合带南段庞西垌地区Ag-Au致矿地球化学异常信息识别与提取

基于分形与多重分形理论的非线性化探数据处理方法及以空间加权主成分分析模型为代表的地学多源信息融合技术,为致矿地球化学异常信息的识别和提取提供了有力的工具。本文以钦-杭结合带南段庞西垌地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学数据为例,研究如何综合运用多重分形局部奇异性与空间加权主成分分析这两种地学信息处理方法来识别和提取致矿地球化学异常信息。首先,采用滑动窗口的方法绘制了研究区与银金矿化关系密切的五种地球化学元素Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn的局部奇异性指数图以增强局部弱缓异常信息。然后,在控矿条件分析的基础上,运用北东向断裂构造这一重要控矿要素对Ag-Au成矿作用的影响范围,即距离北东向断裂的距离,作为应变量来构建用于空间加权主成分分析的空间权重系数的计算模型,以此来突显化探样品在控矿地质条件约束下的空间相关性。进而,采用空间加权主成分分析方法来得到Au、Ag、Cu、Pb和Zn多元素奇异性指数值的组合异常(第一主成分因子得分)。结果表明:综合运用多重分形局部奇异性与空间加权主成分分析方法可以有效的识别和提取Ag-Au致矿地球化学异常信息,圈定具有示矿意义的多元素组合异常区。     

会昌岩背锡矿田地球化学特征及隐伏矿床预测异常指标探讨

在岩背锡矿田,运用土壤地球化学异常寻找锡矿床,取得了显著效果,尤其是岩背锡矿床的发现和扩大,以及上湾隐伏锡矿床预测,为应用土壤地球化学异常找矿积累了经验。本文在阐述矿田土壤地球化学异常分布的基础上,着重对与矿床有关的土壤地球化学异常特征,以及隐伏锡矿床预测的异常指标进行了探讨。     

皖东张八岭-管店地区Au地球化学异常信息识别与提取

由于受到覆盖区矿体埋藏深度以及表生地球化学作用的影响,隐伏矿致异常以及弱缓化探异常信息的识别一直是地球化学勘查的难点。张八岭-管店地区位于安徽东部张八岭构造带北部,地表多被第四系覆盖,已有研究显示该区具有较好的Au成矿潜力。本文以Au矿床作为找矿目标,开展了面积性深层土壤取样,并利用多重分形理论的局部奇异性指数分析方法对深层土壤Au元素地球化学异常信息进行提取。结果表明,深层土壤Au元素的地球化学异常能够有效识别已知的金多金属矿(化)点,同时较好的反映出深部隐伏断裂构造与已知矿(化)点的空间关系;较之传统方法,基于非线性理论的奇异性指数方法能够有效降低地球化学背景场的影响,具有更好的异常识别效果,可应用于隐伏或亚出露环境下的地球化学异常识别研究。     

覆盖区矿产综合预测思路与方法

围绕覆盖区矿产综合预测的基本思路和关键方法问题,讨论了非线性矿产预测理论和方法如何在覆盖区矿产综合预测中发挥作用,重点介绍了成矿奇异性理论与非线性矿产预测方法在覆盖区矿产预测“弱信息”提取、“复合叠加信息”分解、“缺失和不完整信息”融合等关键问题中的应用.结合正在实施的中国地质调查局“覆盖区矿产综合预测”计划项目,介绍了三方面的研究进展:(1)覆盖层中地球化学元素迁移机理与覆盖层对地表地球化学异常的屏蔽和衰减作用;(2)如何识别由于覆盖层影响而造成的“弱”且“复杂”的地球化学异常;(3)如何综合具有缺失或不完整的多元勘查信息以达到提高覆盖区矿产综合预测精度、降低预测不确定性的目的.以东天山戈壁沙漠覆盖区海相火山岩型铁矿、大兴安岭南部草原覆盖区铁多金属矿、武夷山层控矽卡岩型铁矿等矿床预测为例,介绍了综合预测方法的应用过程和应用效果.研究结果表明,奇异性理论和分析方法可以有效地用于提取水系沉积物地球化学和地球物理(重、磁)弱异常,合理分解复合叠加异常,在此基础上,采用地球化学和地球物理异常的数据融合技术,分别建立了推断铁镁质火山岩、中酸性侵入岩、矽卡岩和热液蚀变等成矿或控矿地质要素的综合信息模型,以及基于综合预测要素建立的覆盖区矿产预测后验概率证据权模型和模糊逻辑模型.应用结果显示,介绍的预测方法不仅可以在出露区圈定成矿远景区,而且在戈壁沙漠覆盖区及第三、第四系松散沉积物覆盖区等均可圈出具有重要资源潜力的远景区,这些远景区往往会被传统的预测方法所遗漏.      

奇异性理论在达来庙草原覆盖区找矿弱信息提取中的应用

内蒙古达来庙地区是重要的钼多金属矿成矿区,具有优越的成矿地质条件,但第三系、第四系覆盖严重,岩石出露较差,给矿产预测工作带来极大困难。为了更有效的开展钼多金属矿产预测,本文利用奇异性理论和广义自相似理论开展成矿信息的提取和复合信息的分解。对地球物理数据、地球化学数据进行空间主成分分析,进而对隐伏岩体和隐伏地层进行推断解译,初步实现了覆盖层的揭盖,使岩体、地层接触带的提取更加充分和完整;对研究区化探组合异常进行奇异性分析,很好的实现了对覆盖区弱缓异常的提取,为下一步开展矿产预测提供了重要依据。     

冀北郭家屯铅锌矿多元异常信息找矿预测

文章详细阐述了冀北郭家屯铅锌矿矿床地质特征、成矿条件与成矿规律,依据围岩蚀变信息、控矿构造信息及岩性接触带信息等针对隐伏矿找矿的地质异常信息及地表构造地球化学晕的空间分布,结合多元统计分析,厘定该测区构造地球化学法找矿元素组合异常标志为Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu。针对Ⅶ-1矿体和Ⅶ-3、Ⅶ-4矿体的深边部区段开展了大地电磁测深,根据电阻率异常圈出控矿断裂空间展布及有利找矿部位。结合地质异常信息、构造地球化学异常信息及大地电磁法测深异常信息的综合分析,圈定找矿靶位7处。     

基于证据权-奇异性-灰色理论的山西五台地区金矿成矿研究

山西五台地区位于华北陆台中部,是山西省内重要的金矿成矿区域,地质条件复杂,近年来找矿突破较小。在矿产预测中,可以结合证据权快速筛选地质变量,求取权重,计算地质奇异性指数,提取局部地质弱异常;利用灰色理论只需少量信息进行预测的特点,圈定找矿靶区,寻找突破。应用证据权-奇异性-灰色理论方法圈定了研究区预测靶区,靶区内通过已知矿床的验证,提取了4个一级靶区,1个二级靶区,确定了该区域金矿找矿突破口,明确了证据权-奇异性-灰色理论关联分析预测法在矿产预测评价中的重要应用价值和独特的应用效果。     

奇异性理论在个旧锡铜矿产资源预测中的应用: 综合信息集成与靶区圈定

在致矿弱异常提取和复合异常分解的基础上, 进行多元信息综合和集成, 绘制成矿后验概率图是矿床资源预测的基本过程.以个旧锡矿为例, 介绍一种新的信息集成模型和后验概率图的应用方法.结果表明, 个旧锡铜矿床分布受多个控矿要素控制, 包括地球化学异常、岩体、有利岩性以及构造条件等.通过证据权所提供的空间相关性统计量可以定量确定控矿要素的最佳控矿距离, 并以此为依据形成二态信息图层.对每个图层的叠加可看作一次找矿信息的累积和更新, 因此整个信息图层的集成过程可以看作多次信息叠加过程(multiplicative cascade process).由此绘制的后验概率图具有自相似性、奇异性和分形谱系, 空间分布服从多重分形统计分布.因此, 后验概率图的绘制可以作为致矿地质异常圈定的信息综合和集成方法.      

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000368

In this paper,we show that geo-anomalies can be delineated for mineral deposit prediction according to singularity theories developed to characterize nonlinear mineralization processes.Associating singularity and geo-anomalies makes it possible to quantitatively study geo-anomalies with modern nonlinear theories and methods.This paper introduces a newly developed singularity analysis of nonlinear mineralization processes and nonlinear methods for characterizing and mapping geo-anomalies for mineral depos...     

Application of the tectono-geochemistry method to mineral prospectivity mapping: a case study of the Gaosong tin-polymetallic deposit,Gejiu district,SW China

The tectono-geochemistry method as a lithogeochemical exploration tool is a process centric approach based on the premise that element migration and concentration within and adjacent to geological structures are controlled by large-scale dynamic earth processes that operate on a variety of scales to focus mass and energy flux. Here we present a case study of the Gaosong tin-polymetallic deposit, Gejiu district, SW China, illustrating how the tectono-geochemistry method can be applied to mineral prospectivity mapping. As a first step, 2216 fault rock samples collected within the Geiju district were assayed followed by a detailed examination of the assay results by means of factor analysis and multifractal singularity mapping. The main aims of these analyses were to (1) statistically explore the data with respect to specific element concentrations, associations and geochemical patterns by which the fault rock samples can be grouped, (2) better characterize the samples in terms of whether or not the rocks recorded any evidence for hydrothermal mineralization processes, and (3) identify any geochemical anomalies that may present vectors to buried ore. The results illustrate that element distribution patterns are greatly influenced by fault permeability and that NE-SW-striking faults are the most favorable in terms of concentration of ore elements. Factor analysis greatly assisted the identification and interpretation of, for example, element associations, and geochemical zonation patterns genetically related to intrusions. Recognition of singularities was of particular importance with respect to identifying and delineating primary fault tectono-geochemical anomalies that may be caused by buried ore. Of particular interest are low singularity values as these correspond with positive geochemical anomalies over known ore deposits in the Gejiu district. Anomalies delineated by local singularity exponents may represent undiscovered ore and, thus, warrant further exploration.     

Application of singularity mapping technique to identify local anomalies using stream sediment geochemical data,a case study from Gangdese,Tibet, western China

Identifying geochemical anomalies from background is a fundamental task in exploration geochemistry. The Gangdese mineral district in western China has complex geochemical surface expression due to complex geological background and was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. The results illustrate that weak anomalies are hidden within the strong variance of background and are not well identified by means of inverse distance weighted; neither are they clearly identified by the C–A method if this method is applied to the whole study area. On the other hand, singularity values provide new information that complements use of original concentration values and can quantify the properties of enrichment and depletion caused by mineralization. In general, producing maps of singularities can help to identify relatively weak metal concentration anomalies in complex geological regions. Application of singularity mapping technique in Gangdese district shows local anomalies of Cu are not only directly associated with known deposits in the central part of the study area, but also with E–W and N–E oriented faults in the north of the study area. Both types of anomalies should be further investigated for undiscovered Cu mineral deposits.     

GIS-based mineral potential modeling by advanced spatial analytical methods in the southeastern Yunnan mineral district,China

This paper demonstrates a modeling procedure of mineral potential mapping based on singularity theory, and further presents an idea to look into metallogeny of Sn–Cu polymetallic deposits in southeastern Yunnan mineral district, China by applying a localized regression method. Mineralization is a typical cascade process generally accompanied by irregular geological, geochemical and geophysical signatures. Singularity index as an efficient anomaly analytical tool helps to identify anomalies as well as characterize formation processes of these anomalies. In this study, the singularity-based mineral potential mapping method was utilized to characterize hydrothermal mineralization associated with magmatic, tectonic and sedimentary processes in this district. Based on the results, a mineral prospectivity model was constructed to delineate target areas. In addition to mineral prospectivity, controlling effects of geo-processes on mineralization are spatially non-stationary. Geographically-weighted regression analysis was thus employed to investigate these spatially-varied controlling effects and it has contributed to improve understanding to local metallogeny in the study area. Results of the spatial analysis presented can be used to guide following stages of mineral exploration in the district.     

非线性矿床模型与非常规矿产资源评价

探讨了建立非线性矿床模型对难识别的非常规矿产资源评价的可能性.首先评述了非线性理论在成矿动力学和矿产勘查中的应用, 以及非常规矿床与非常规矿产资源评价的研究现状.然后引进了以岩浆结晶分异成矿作用为例的多维分形非线性成矿系统模型.在此基础上揭示了非线性成矿系统必然导致元素富集和聚集的奇异分布及矿床分布的广义自相似性规律.广义自相似性刻画了成矿的外在多样性和内在相似性.介绍了2种最新研究的“奇异分析”和“广义自相似性”异常分解方法.采用文中所建议的非线性矿床模型方法对加拿大北部Gowganda地区的热液型Co, Ni, Ag, As, Pb 5种元素矿产进行了预测和评价.结果表明, 以“广义自相似性”和“奇异分析”为基础的非线性矿床模型及GIS信息综合技术对非常规难识别矿产资源评价是有效的.      

Investigating the spatial distribution of antimony geochemical anomalies located in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region,China

The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is well known for its abundant mineral resources, and low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization represented by the elemental association of gold, arsenic, antimony and mercury is widely developed there. Many studies on the geological-geochemical characteristics of gold have been conducted, but a comprehensive understanding of the antimony geochemical pattern is still lacking. This paper studied the Sb distribution characteristics and the cause of geochemical anomalies based on the geochemical data of stream sediments and rocks in the study area. In addition, the geochemical data of Au, As, Sb and Hg were centered and log-ratio transformed to eliminate the closure effect, and then random forest regression (RFR) with Au, As and Hg as the characteristic variables was used to investigate the ore-related geochemical anomalies of Sb. Seven geochemical provinces were delineated from the original geochemical data, and they are not entirely consistent with the known deposits. Sb moves from the rocks to the stream sediments during weathering. The variation trend in the Sb background values in stream sediments in each tectonic unit is consistent with that in the rocks themselves, implying that Sb in the stream sediments is inherited from the background rocks. The distributions of Sb predicted by RFR are similar to the distribution pattern of Sb in stream sediments. Of the three elements considered, the influence of As on the variations in the Sb geochemical background is the greatest, followed by Au and then Hg. The geochemical anomalies extracted by the residuals produced in this algorithm are consistent with where the known Sb metallogenic district is located, indicating that this method of recognizing geochemical anomalies is feasible and effective and has theoretical and practical significance.