柳州市洪水预警预报系统通过初步验收鉴定

本刊讯柳州市洪水预警预报系统于２０００年１月１４～１６日在广西柳州市通过了由广西水利厅组织的初步验收鉴定。该系统工程建设规模为１：１：５：４：６５,即１个中心站（柳州）、１个分中心站（河池）、５个超短波中继站、４个卫星热备份中继站、６５个水文雨量遥测站;计算机广域网及水文自动测报系统中的土建工程：中心站楼房、自记水位台等,开发了洪水预报模型软件。该工程１９９７年１０月开工,１９９９年４月建成,投入试运行。工程总投资１６４９．８５万元。柳州市洪水预警预报系统通过初步验收鉴定@陆建华     

博州扎勒木特沟渠首水情测报系统初探

水情测报系统的使用能够对流域中的水文现象、水资源信息等进行较快的传递,从而促进决策机构对洪水进行预报或者是水资源的合理调度,从而高效的减少因为水害造成的损伤,增加对水资源的使用率。通过对扎勒木特沟渠水情情况进行分析,能够将检测的范围以及站点布置的原则、遥测站规划设计要点等进行明确,从而保障沟渠水情测报系统能够稳定的运行,发挥自身的经济与生态效益。     

复杂洪水预报系统的集成技术研究

以广西南盘江天生桥一级电站施工洪水预报系统为例,讨论了以水情数据库、洪水预报模型、数据库管理系统和模型管理器为基础构建集成化复杂洪水预报系统的若干技术问题,提出了用邻接矩阵来形式化和规范化预报系统水情数据与预报模型之间复杂关系的一般方法.     

PDP和VAX系列机实时水情信息处理和洪水预报系统

本系统把实时水情信息处理和水文预报模型的实际应用结合起来,是实现从实时水情信息接收、处理、检索、应用,直到联机洪水预报通用的自动化系统。三个多功能的汉字、英文、绘图检索程序包,可为多用户监视实时水情、统计打印各种水情报表、绘制雨量图和水位流量过程线等提供各种服务。使用简便、具有同一输入输出文件格式、可自动共享历史和实时数据库资料、分块率定整体组装式的SCLS、XAJA、NSAC和NTAK等预报模型通用程序包,可实现从模型率定到联机洪水预报的全过程。     

水情自动测报系统在水资源系统管理中的应用

水情自动测报系统在水资源系统管理中发挥着十分重要的作用。针对该系统在盘石头水库管理中站网布设、系统硬件组成、数据采集系统、洪水预报系统、洪水调度系统等应用技术进行详实分析,运行演示软件系统进行实例分析,达到了较高的预报精度。水情自动测报系统不仅能在汛期起到防洪减灾作用,而且在也可用于日常的水资源管理,可以起到增加蓄水和发电量,达到优化调度的目的,从而提高水利工程的社会效益和经济效益。     

双牌水库洪水预报及调度自动化系统研究

根据双牌水库水情自动测报系统要求,结合该水库的流域和工程特性,应用新安江模型、ＡＰＩ模型及动态规划等,对该水库洪水预报及调度进行了系统研究。     

山东省洪水预报方案编制及洪水作业预报探讨

山东省洪水预报方案编制及洪水作业预报探讨杨罗（山东省水文总站）一、编制洪水预报方案有关问题的探讨洪水预报方案（以下简称方案）是进行洪水作业预报的基本依据。如何编制科学合理且具有较高实用价值的洪水预报方案，是水情预报人员的一项重要任务。现就笔者参加我省...     

基于相关分析的雨量站选择及洪水预报方法

在分析历史降雨资料的基础上,建立流域内各雨量站点雨量与流域平均面雨量的相关关系。结合流域水文站分布图选出与流域面雨量相关性高且有区域代表性的雨量站作为遥测系统的关键测站,保证其稳定运行。利用定点定面关系分析方法,由流域内关键测站的时段雨量推求流域时段面雨量,并带入洪水预报模型进行洪水预报。该方法不依赖流域内全部测站的降雨信息,可有效解决流域内雨量站缺测或数据错误时的洪水预报问题。该方法可为无资料或资料短缺地区及新建水库因资金限制只能建设少量测站时的洪水预报提供参考。     

淮河干流洪水预报系统及其在1991年大洪水的应用

综述了淮河流域概况，淮河干流洪水预报系统物采用的预报方法。１９９１年淮河干流洪水预报采用了降雨径流预报与上，下游站相应流量预防方法相配合，并注重实时水情分析；在行洪区多，行洪后水面宽广而比降又极小的河段的汇流计算，采用了以实测洪水资料绘制的经验蓄曲线为充分发挥的湖泊洪水演算方法。     

水利部水文局业务交流和技术讲座圆满结束

2006年6月5日至16日,水利部水文局举办了为期二周的业务交流与技术培训。内容侧重于流域水情、气象、网络业务知识、防汛抗旱业务系统以及实用洪水预报模型技术、中长期水资源预报、枯季径流预报、突发性洪水预报、水质预报模型等。长江委水文局洪水预报专家葛守西教授、清华大学水利水电工程系杨大文教授应邀分别做了“现代洪水预报预测技术与经验”、“大尺度分布式水     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...