基于copula函数的三峡水库预泄对鄱阳湖防洪影响分析

三峡工程的运行对鄱阳湖防洪形势存在潜在影响。以三峡-鄱阳湖系统为典型,采用基于copula理论的多维联合分布函数,建立三峡工程运行前长江-鄱阳湖-"五河"(赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修河)系统中水文要素之间的联合概率分布及条件概率分布,并假设该条件分布关系在三峡工程运行前后保持不变;估计三峡工程运行后长江水文要素的概率分布,结合前面的条件概率分布,可以得到三峡工程运行后研究变量的概率分布;对比分析前后概率分布的变化,即可从统计角度评价三峡水库运行对鄱阳湖水文情势的影响。研究表明:三峡工程运行对鄱阳湖水位有一定影响;5、6月份三峡预泄,将增高鄱阳湖水位,其中,平均水位的增幅大于最高水位增幅,低水增幅大于高水增幅;三峡预泄影响下,湖区圩堤堤前水位没有超过原有堤防设计水位,没有降低湖区圩堤的防洪标准。     

《长江三峡生态与环境地图集》

我国第一部以三峡工程科学论证为目的、全面系统地反映三峡地区自然环境与生态特点、为三峡工程的前期论证与宏观决策提供重要依据的《长江三峡生态与环境地图集》,最近已编制完成,并通过了中国科学院主持的院级鉴定。这是我国第一部为工程服务的生态环境地图集。     

长江三峡工程奉节库岸斜坡地下水渗流场模拟分析

长江三峡工程正常蓄水位为175m，在蓄水过程中随着库水位的抬升，必然会引起库岸斜坡地下水渗流场的变化。本文运用3D-Modflow软件模拟了三峡工程蓄水过程中奉节库段边坡岩土体内部地下水位的动态变化，为三峡工程奉节库区段移民迁建将可能出现的地质灾害进行预测与防治提供科学依据。     

长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究

正内容提要本书比较系统地反映了长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究3个空间尺度进展。一是大尺度范围,即整个三峡库区涉及的19个县(区)行政管辖范围内的地质灾害调查评价,重点是区域地质灾害评价预警的"发育度"、潜势度、"危险度"和"危害度"递进分析方法与应用。二是中尺度范围,即长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)的成因研究,提出了古川江与古峡江在瞿塘峡段东西贯通形成统一的长江所伴随的潮源侵蚀、"水锯"下切和地下暗河或岩溶洞穴垮塌等3种异常地质作用,是长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)形成的主因。这     

长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究

正本书比较系统地反映了长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究3个空间尺度进展。一是大尺度范围,即整个三峡库区涉及的19个县(区)行政管辖范围内的地质灾害调查评价,重点是区域地质灾害评价预警的"发育度"、潜势度、"危险度"和"危害度"递进分析方法与应用。二是中尺度范围,即长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)的成     

长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究

<正>内容提要本书比较系统地反映了长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究3个空间尺度进展。一是大尺度范围,即整个三峡库区涉及的19个县(区)行政管辖范围内的地质灾害调查评价,重点是区域地质灾害评价预警的"发育度"、潜势度、"危险度"和"危害度"递进分析方法与应用。二是中尺度范围,即长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)的成     

长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究

正内容提要本书比较系统地反映了长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究3个空间尺度进展。一是大尺度范围,即整个三峡库区涉及的19个县(区)行政管辖范围内的地质灾害调查评价,重点是区域地质灾害评价预警的"发育度"、潜势度、"危险度"和"危害度"递进分析方法与应用。二是中尺度范围,即长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)的成     

重庆市三峡库区若干重大地质灾害隐患

三峡工程水库蓄水以来,两岸地质灾害时有发生,为保证库区移民安稳致富,长江航道正常通航,有关部门遵照中央指示正在部署后续地质灾害防治工作。本文根据作者长期在三峡库区从事地质灾害勘察研究的经验,对三峡库区重庆市范围内巫山至奉节一带的巴东组地层滑坡、奉节至云阳间的顺层滑坡和长江、大宁河、乌江峡谷河段的危岩崩塌等重大地质灾害隐患进行简要分析,并提出了下一步工作建议,可供有关部门和领导决策三峡库区后续地质灾害防治工作参考。     

长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究

正本书比较系统地反映了长江三峡库区地质灾害成因与评价研究3个空间尺度进展。一是大尺度范围,即整个三峡库区涉及的19个县(区)行政管辖范围内的地质灾害调查评价,重点是区域地质灾害评价预警的"发育度"、潜势度、"危险度"和"危害度"递进分析方法与应用。二是中尺度范围,即长江三峡江段复杂斜坡(滑坡)的成因研究,提出了古川江与古峡江在瞿塘峡段东西贯通形成统一的长江所伴随的潮源侵蚀、"水锯"下切和地下暗河或岩溶洞穴垮塌等3种异常地质作用,     

浅析地质因素对生态环境的影响

详细论述了地质构造、地层、岩石、地貌、地下水、地热及地质灾害等地质因素对生态环境的影响,对三角洲地区生态环境建设及调查研究提供一定参考.     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Metals,arsenic, and sulfur in the Aue and Eibenstock granites,Erzgebirge

Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO _Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO _Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.     

Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place

This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.     

Total mercury and monomethylmercury in water, sediments, and hydrophytes from the rivers, estuary, and bay along the Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China

Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg⁻¹) and water (39–2700 ng L⁻¹) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg⁻¹, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L⁻¹ in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L⁻¹. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.15 to 12 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.     

Distribution of REE,LILE, and HFSE between biotite,feldspar, and the melt in the granulite facies migmatite,nimnyr block,Aldan shield

The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt D_i^min/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE D_i are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially D_i for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the D_i of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.