底板梳状定向钻孔套铣打捞技术研究与应用

为解决底板梳状定向钻孔卡钻事故中采用常规"强力回转起拔"工艺处理效果不理想,而采用反丝钻杆或强力拧断方法存在工期和经济损失大的问题,对套铣打捞钻具弯曲孔段通过性计算分析及套铣打捞钻进技术参数研究,成功解决了河南某矿孔深344 m底板梳状定向钻孔卡钻事故。应用结果表明:现有套铣打捞钻具允许通过的最大钻孔曲率大,套铣打捞过程中转速控制在30~50 r/min,钻进速度控制在6~12 m/h,间隔12~15 m配合冲洗液进行一次冲孔,采用该套铣打捞技术及装备能够有效提高底板梳状定向钻孔卡钻事故处理成功率。      

特长套铣筒在埋钻事故中的应用

以往用煤田钻探常用的套铣筒处理一起普通的埋钻事故耗时费力,又容易滋生次生事故。在使用特长套铣筒处理钻孔中的埋钻事故,可以大大缩短处理事故的时间,减少了工人的劳动强度,收到事半功倍的效果。特长套铣筒采用石油专用的带丝扣套管,每根套管长度12m左右,套管之间用管箍连接,总长度一般在80~100m,套铣筒的下端接套铣筒钻头。套铣筒的规格根据孔内事故钻具的最大外径确定,通常比事故钻具最大外径大两个级差,而又比孔径小两个级差。套铣筒钻头的规格应该比事故钻头的规格小一级或等于事故钻头的外径,钻头合金宜采用孕镶粉未合金或其它抗耐磨合金。山西某煤矿送料孔钻探到497m时埋钻,用普通方法处理上部272m钻具用时24d,改用特长套铣筒处理剩余225m钻具仅用时10d,体现了高效率的特点,为大孔径勘探孔埋钻事故的处理,找到了一条比较快速的处理方法。     

超长套铣筒在鄂尔多斯盆地铀矿钻探施工处理埋钻事故中的应用

在历年的钻探施工中,由于地层原因造成埋钻或处理烧钻、卡钻时间久衍生埋钻事故,使用常规的套铣方法处理,工人的劳动强度大,公锥等材料消耗多,并且成功率低,容易产生弃孔损失。本文介绍了使用超长套铣筒处理鄂尔多斯盆地铀矿钻探中埋钻等孔内事故的方法,可大幅度缩短处理事故的时间,降低工人的劳动强度,提高机台的本质安全度,降低报废钻孔的概率,为今后钻探施工中处理埋钻等孔内事故提供一种比较快速、安全的处理方法。     

定向钻进套铣打捞钻杆的设计

通过对常用定向钻进配套钻具打捞工艺的对比分析,明确了采用套铣打捞工艺处理煤矿井下近水平定向钻进中出现的塌孔、卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故的可行性与实用性。根据其工艺施工要求,结合煤矿井下近水平定向钻进系统配套钻具具体参数,研制了能够满足额定扭矩6000 N·m钻机使用要求的定向钻进套铣打捞钻杆。成庄矿的应用表明,采用套铣打捞工艺处理近水平定向钻进时孔内事故（塌孔、卡钻、埋钻等）可行性较强,且套铣打捞钻杆结构设计合理,能满足套铣打捞工艺的使用要求。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4S孔卡钻事故处理

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4S孔地层复杂,钻探施工难度大,孔内缩径、坍塌、掉块事故频发,给钻探施工带来了极大的困难。就WFSD-4S孔在孔深517 m发生的卡钻事故进行了详细的阐述,分析发生卡钻事故的原因及条件,采用了强力起拔、反钻杆、可退式打捞矛打捞、套铣等手段,最终成功处理该起卡钻事故。该起事故的经验,为同类事故的处理提供借鉴及参考。     

西南天山复杂地层绳索取心钻探跑钻事故处理方法

新疆西南天山萨尔干矿区地层极其破碎复杂,近年来施工的钻孔多全孔破碎、漏失,钻进过程中时有掉块、卡钻、钻孔坍塌等现象发生,严重时发生孔内事故,施工难度较大。本文结合该区一例钻孔施工案例,介绍了破碎复杂地层取心钢丝绳断裂导致岩心内管脱落,进而引发严重跑钻事故的处理过程以及注意事项。结合现场事故情况,通过导向扩孔钻进等方法有效地处理了该起复杂事故,使钻孔得以顺利终孔,取得了所需地质资料,挽回了经济损失。     

套铣管技术在水文钻具事故处理中的应用

在峰峰集团梧桐庄煤矿地面注浆孔施工时,因在扫孔过程中操作不当,使粗径钻铤脱扣跑钻,造成脱扣钻铤被卡事故。事故发生后,虽然对钻铤脱扣事故钻具采取了相应的措施进行处理,但均未成功。后引用了石油专用套铣管技术进行事故的处理,取得了非常理想的效果。介绍了事故处理难点及套铣管处理技术措施。     

水文地质钻孔水泥造壁缩径止水法介绍

无论是抽水试验钻孔还是水文地质长期观测孔,都必须将抽水层段或观测段以上的含水层进行封闭隔离。隔离的方法很多,50年代主要采用多层套管隔离,套管用量大,施工复杂。60年代后改用胶圈止水。简化了钻孔结构,节约了大量管材,但操作麻烦,要加工一套止水工具,成本高,效果还没把握。遇孔径大、孔壁破碎时,胶圈压缩后不能达到止水目的;又如起拔套管时要将胶圈松开,在倒扣时,往往将止水接头倒开掉入孔内;或因胶圈压缩后的劲头很大,松不开,在起拔套管时胶圈掉入孔内,下钻具冲扫时,钻具被卡造成孔内事故。为此,我们改进了封闭止水的方法,采用同径钻进、超早强水泥造壁缩径止水法,通过10多个钻孔使用,效果良好。     

使用震动器处理卡钻事故

震动器是一种处理卡钻事故的工具。是由我队机修厂根据兄弟队经验,结合本队情况设计制造的。它结构简单,易于操作,能处理钢粒卡钻事故,也能处理岩石掉块卡钻、孔内钻具多头穿插和夹钻事故。经我队五○四钻机试验,使用震动器处理钢粒卡钻事故,仅震动二十多分钟,即可将孔内事故排除。现将五○四钻机孔内事故处理情况介绍如下: 钻孔在419.65米处发生卡钻事故,当时用反扣钻杆处理。当孔内还剩岩芯管和钻铤各一根时,为了便于处理,使用110钻具透孔,当透至408.60米处,由于孔壁的钢粒落下,     

李三台子铁矿普查2500m深孔钻孔结构设计

介绍钻孔结构设计的依据和原则,提出李三台子深孔钻孔结构设计口径与套管级配关系和考虑的因素。钻孔设计结构和实际结构对比分析,换径及下套管所要注意的问题。建议深孔钻进必须下套管,加大开孔直径,留足下套管隔离复杂地层的空间,下套管做好细节工作,为处理井内事故和起拔套管时打好基础。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with