资源环境遥感海量空间数据存储、检索和访问方法

为了有效管理和利用资源环境遥感研究过程中积累的海量空间数据,设计资源环境遥感海量空间数据存储、检索及访问方法.针对不同数据类型和特点的海量空间数据,采用空间数据库、文件目录方式和Web Service等方法实现数据存储和发布.在空间查询二步算法的基础上,设计了基于空间位置的海量空间数据检索方法,可以检索以Mapping和Web Service等方式发布的数据,解决用户快速查找数据的问题.利用分层分块和可视区域格网索引等方法优化空间数据的传输、加载和显示等性能,并进行了相关性能测试.所设计的方法通过探讨数据的存储策略、数据的检索策略以及数据的访问展现策略,解决了海量空间数据应用中的数据有效管理、数据的精确定位以及数据快速传输呈现的问题.并基于此方法构建了资源环境遥感应急监测基础设施的基本框架.     

基于3D格网与哈希表的车载LiDAR点云八叉树索引

针对车载LiDAR数据海量化趋势,以及高效的点云索引构建和邻域搜索算法的至关重要性,本文结合3D规则格网和线性八叉树算法优势,以及哈希表检索的高效性,提出了基于3D格网和哈希表的八叉树索引算法。通过对车载LiDAR所获取的点云数据进行相关试验,试验结果表明该方法应用于海量点云索引构建和邻域查找具有高效性。     

航道海量地形数据三维GIS设计浅析

在数字航道建设进展火热的新时期,航道海量地形数据三维GIS的构建有着重要的理论和现实意义。本文重点从地形数据组织和调度、多源数据融合显示等方面研究了相关理论和方法;并探讨了基于DEM、地图文件、影像等基础数据,航道海量地形数据三维GIS基础平台设计的若干问题。     

海量影像数据的Web发布与实现

主要对Web上发布海量影像数据的关键技术作探讨,在比较Web GIS系统应用体系结构的基础上,使用J2EE作为实现海量影像数据的Web发布平台,根据海量影像数据和Web的特点,重点探讨海量影像数据的索引、影像数据缓存和处理多用户操作的连接池等关键技术,最后基于上述方法实现海量影像数据的Web实时交互浏览.     

海量车载激光扫描点云数据的快速可视化方法

当前车载激光扫描系统的数据量往往达到数十GB乃至TB级,海量激光点云数据的加载与查询对传统可视化方法提出了挑战。本文设计了一种基于内外存调度的三维可视化方法,突破了物理内存对显示数据量的限制。该方法首先利用双层四叉树索引数据结构实现外存储器上的点云数据管理与快速调度,基于该索引动态加载外存储器上的点云数据到内存,从而快速获取海量数据中的实时数据块;然后,利用多线程分时加载双层四叉树索引数据结构,实现激光点云数据外存到内存的实时传输与绘制。实验结果表明,本文方法不受点云数据量与物理内存大小限制,海量点云可视化效果流畅,适用于台式计算机或网络环境下的海量激光点云数据的调度管理与实时可视化。     

海量地形数据实时可视化技术研究

针对海量地形数据实时可视化,提出了一种瓦片金字塔模型和线性四叉树索引相结合的地形数据管理模式,利用视景体裁剪和基于分辨率测试的目标瓦片快速搜索算法,实现了地形数据的实时装载,采用基于动态二叉树构网的方法,实现了地形数据的实时绘制.     

海量GNSS小文件云存储优化方法研究

GNSS数据量呈指数级趋势增长,Hadoop分布式文件系统（HDFS）解决了海量GNSS数据存储瓶颈的难题,却面临内存占用多、文件相关性差和缺乏优化机制的问题。针对HDFS处理海量GNSS小文件效率不高的问题,结合GNSS数据类型、特点以及存储过程,提出了一种新的GNSS小文件云存储方法,优化了GNSS小文件的写入、读取、添加和删除策略。该方法分别按观测文件和解算成果的类型进行合并,对合并后的文件构建压缩Trie树索引,索引切分后,根据匹配算法分布式地存储索引块。实验采用国际GNSS服务（IGS）28 d的数据和产品进行云存储优化。结果表明,该方法降低了各节点内存消耗,提高了海量GNSS小文件写入、读取和删除的效率,实现了对海量GNSS小文件的高效云存储。     

一种联合瓦片索引的车载海量点云数据管理方法

为了高效支持大范围车载移动激光扫描海量点云数据的可视化及后续处理,提出了一种联合全球统一划分瓦片索引的车载海量点云管理与调度方法。在分析车载点云空间分布特性基础上,有机联合瓦片索引及随机采样八叉树等空间索引结构,建立了一套面向海量车载移动扫描点云的高效管理及调度机制。试验证明,该方法能够高效支持大范围海量车载点云数据的调度、交互及动态更新等过程,并能够有效地支撑分割、分类等后处理过程。     

基于像素模式的海量点云可视化LOD调度方法

针对受限于计算机内存,海量三维点云数据无法一次性加载显示的问题,提出了一种基于像素模式的海量点云可视化LOD调度方法。该方法主要包括生成八叉树点云索引文件和设置LOD模型调度范围两个阶段,首先采用八叉树的原理对点云数据进行分层和抽稀,生成索引文件;再基于八叉树点云索引文件构建点云LOD模型;最后根据原始点云的分辨率自动计算LOD模型节点的像素阈值。在实时可视化的过程中,以LOD模型节点在屏幕上的像素大小是否达到预定阈值为判断条件,对其进行调度,避免了距离模式下海量点云可视化出现的卡顿问题。     

基于全球索引的点云切片发布处理

针对现有点云数据切片处理在数据追加和局部更新方面存在一定的不足,提出了一种基于全球索引切片发布的处理方法.解决了在处理海量点云数据的过程中效率较低的问题,实现了基于全球索引的点云切片处理.基于本研究结果表明:本方法不仅可以高效处理海量点云数据,还可以提供数据追加和更新等方式,为后续的数据更新和发布提供极大地便利,研究结...     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。