用等效源法进行重磁异常换算的效果

在磁力、重力异常的解释中,常常要进行异常场的换算,例如向上延拓、向下延拓,曲化平(将起伏地形上的观测值换算到某一水平面上的场值),磁异常不同分量之间的换算,求变换磁化方向后的异常(包括计算异常的化到磁极),以及异常的一次、二次垂向导数等等。这些换算已有一些方法可以进行,在上延、不同分量的换算和化到磁极等方面均取得了好的效果,但是在许多时候,特别对于观测面起伏高差较大的情况,常常效果不佳。而且有的方法丢掉边部测点的信息较多。在这里我们介绍重磁异常换算的等效源法,这种方法可以将上述不同方面场的换算问     

用等效源法进行磁异常换算的效果(二)

在物化探电子计算技术79年第2期中,我们讨论了用等效源法进行重磁异常换算的效果[1]。方法的基本思想是,采用最优化方法求出观测异常的场源分布,根据这个场源分布,再来计算任意点的各种场值,如向上延拓,向下延拓,曲化平(将起伏地形上的观测值换算到某一水平面上的场值),磁异常不同分量之间的换     

最佳向上延拓高度的估计

提出根据两个相邻高度重力异常向上延拓值相关系数与高度的关系 ,以估计应用向上延拓分离区域及剩余重力异常的最佳向上延拓高度的方法。二维模型计算表明 ,不同高度的观测重力异常向上延拓值和观测面上区域重力异常值的互相关系数与高度的关系曲线 ,存在一个明显的极大值 ;这个极大值对应的高度 ,就是从观测异常中分离出这一区域重力异常所需要的最佳向上延拓高度。两个相邻高度重力异常向上延拓值之间的互相关系数与高度的关系曲线 ,存在一个明显的转折点 ,这个转折点对应的高度 ,就是所求的最佳向上延拓高度。应用本方法处理华南北部地区布格重力异常的结果表明 ,由于引起本区区域重力异常的地质因素 ,除了莫霍面及上地壳底面外 ,还受到本区广泛分布甚至出露的花岗岩的影响 ;所以为了从观测异常中分离这一区域异常所需要的最佳向上延拓高度为 2 0 0km ,小于莫霍面及上地壳底界面的平均深度。为了从观测异常中分离出由莫霍面引起的重力异常所需要的向上延拓高度 ,达到 15 0km。因此 ,应用本方法处理实测重力资料 ,必须首先了解引起区域重力异常的场源情况。     

对迭代法位场向下延拓方法的剖析

位场向下延拓迭代法的实质内容是"向上延拓而不是向下延拓"和以"迭代的结果趋近于观测值"为标准的操作过程。根据数据操作流程剖析了位场向下延拓迭代法的运行机制,得到了迭代数据在空间域的变化规律,即用迭代法将观测高度的位场向下延拓一个深度h。这实际上是通过不同高度的向上延拓来实现的。也就是说,迭代次数增加一次,涉及的上延平面就增大一个h的高度。一般地,迭代次数n与上延高度h的关系为n~(n+1)h。在空间域中,初值、上延结果、差以及每一次校正后的结果都能用满足莱布尼兹定理的交错级数表示,从而得出了迭代法能够收敛的结论;或者,以"观测高度上的实测值与计算值的差值小到可以忽略"为标准,从数学上也能证明迭代法能够收敛。数学推论和模型试验结果说明了迭代的位场初值可以任意给定。在实际操作中,迭代误差标准的影响和由于迭代误差标准不恰当可能出现不能达到迭代标准的情况,需引起注意,也值得进一步研究。     

山区重力资料的地形校正方法

在山区工作,地形影响是客观存在的,对测得的重力资料,如不注意分析、研究和消除地形影响,仍用水平观测面上所建立的一套正、反演概念,不仅定量、半定量解释,甚至定性解释,也会得出错误的结论.重力资料的地形校正和地面磁测资料的地形校正一样,都是一种曲面延拓问题,即根据起伏地形上测得的重力异常,求得水平线或水平面上的重力异常值问题.所以,地面磁测解释工作中所用的各种地形改正方法均可应用于重力资料解释.由于     

重力异常三维反演——视密度成像方法技术的应用

将起伏地形上测量的重力异常,延拓至平均水平面;对平面上的重力场进行不同深度层源的切割分离;再将各层的重力场向下延拓至相应的深度,并反演出该深度层的密度结构.以此得到的密度,反映该深度层密度的近似分布,故称为视密度成像.在重力场的曲面向下延拓过程中,采用了新的延拓方法——迭代法,延拓深度大,延拓过程稳定;且不需解线性代数方程组,避开了制约三维反演实用化的计算时间的瓶颈问题.在主频1.73 GHz的微机上,完成71×81数据点反演的计算时间为10 s.以新疆一个地区的实例说明这种方法的反演效果.     

基于位场分离方法的极地冰盖重力异常剥离：以模型试验为例

为了提高极地重力数据处理的质量,降低巨厚冰层对重力数据解释的影响,将极地大陆冰盖引起的重力异常从叠加异常中剥离出来成为极地重力数据处理的重要步骤之一。针对该问题,本文建立两个极地大陆冰层构造模型,对不同模型进行正演获得对应布格重力异常,再尝试利用三种位场分离方法,包括趋势分析法、向上延拓法和优化滤波法,对冰层引起的重力异常进行剥离试验,基于模型试验结果对比分析不同位场分离方法对极地冰层重力效应剥离的应用效果。模型试验结果显示,趋势分析法在冰层界面起伏较平缓情况下效果较好,但当冰层界面起伏复杂时难以用数学表达式精确拟合区域场,因此易在结果中引入虚假异常;向上延拓法在局部场源较浅的异常分离中效果较好,但由于极地模型冰盖深度较深及延拓高度选取不合理,在试验中出现了分离不足的情况;优化滤波法在相对复杂模型中分离效果相对好,但由于频段选取的主观性,使得该方法也易出现分离不足或过度情况。综合上述模型试验表明,在剥离极地冰盖引起的重力异常时,由于极地冰盖厚度起伏等地质情况复杂多变,应结合实际地质情况及其他可获得的地球物理资料进行综合分析,选择适用于具体情况的分离方法。     

位场向下延拓的导数迭代法

针对向下延拓的不适定问题,提出了一种新的位场向下延拓方法-导数迭代法。从位场垂向一阶导数的定义出发,将观测面和向上延拓、向下延拓同等高度平面上的位场值近似联系起来,采用迭代法进行逐次逼近,推导出空间域位场向下延拓的导数迭代法的递推公式。考虑到空间域向上延拓积分方程实现的复杂性,对递推公式进行快速傅里叶变换,整理得到波数域中的导数迭代公式,同时证明了该方法的收敛性。模型检验和实例分析均表明迭代法相对直接FFT法具有稳定性强和下延深度大的优点。     

二维起伏地形上位场数据的向上延拓

本文以平面格林公式为基础,推导出一种方法,使二维起伏地形上的实测数据(重力、磁力)可向上延拓到任一高度,而无损失点,并以一无限长水平圆柱体模拟任意形状的异常体,从而抑制了截断误差。     

起伏地形条件下二维场分量间的转换与延拓

对于起伏地形条件下直接测得的磁场垂直分量△Z,为了消除地形起伏的影响,便于解释推断,很有必要进行“曲化平”处理.已有许多物探工作者对“曲化平”和场的转换方法做了研究,其中包括冶金部物探公司研究所提出的“曲化平方法”.该方法不但精度较高,而且既能完成向上的“曲化平”计算,也能进行向下的“曲化平”计算.我们在文献的基础上,着重研究了起     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with