基于非结构网格的带地形MT二维Occam反演及应用

本文对基于自适应非结构三角形网格的带地形MT数据二维Occam反演进行应用研究.自适应非结构三角形网格能够准确地模拟起伏地形和复杂地质构造,正演网格由有限元解的后验误差估计指导自动细化,保证了模型响应的准确性,反演网格在反演目标区域采用精细网格剖分,在模型边界区域采用粗网格剖分,在满足反演精度的前提下减少了不必要的反演...     

基于非结构化网格的大地电磁2D自适应有限元正演模拟

有限元求解大地电磁正演问题时,对研究区域的剖分常规做法是采用规则化的网格。但规则化网格在剖分地形、断层、褶皱等复杂模型会产生较大的几何离散误差。针对上述情况,这里采用非结构化的四边形网格对二维地电模型进行网格剖分,并与自适应有限元相结合,由剖分的粗网格出发,利用每个频点下网格单元的后验误差估计值指导网格的局部加密,优化网格质量和数量,从而提高正演模拟的精度。通过一维K型地电模型利用本文方法算出数值解与解析解进行对比分析,验证了自适应有限元法在求解大地电磁二维正演模拟中的有效性。并通过对断层、褶皱模型的正演模拟,分析了其大地电磁正演响应特征。     

电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁地形影响特征分析

电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法是进行山区矿产资源勘探的一种有效手段,然而地形起伏对观测数据影响严重,给瞬变电磁数据精细化解释带来很大困难。为此,本文基于三维非结构时间域有限元正演模拟方法开展电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁地形影响特征分析。首先利用非结构网格对起伏地形进行精细剖分,结合矢量有限元和后退欧拉离散技术实现复杂地质模型快速正演。然后通过模拟大量典型起伏地表模型,系统分析了三维地形响应的空间分布特征,结果表明地形对电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁响应影响严重,而且影响特征十分复杂。在此基础上,我们进一步分析了复杂地形对地下目标体探测的影响,结果发现复杂地形与地下目标体相互耦合导致无法对地下目标体进行有效分辨,这给地下目标体的准确探测带来了巨大困难。     

起伏地形下偶极-偶极激电测深二维反演软件开发及应用

在有限元点源二维正演模拟中,采用第二类齐次边界条件结合相应的网格剖分技术,并将二维正演模拟程序引入到偶极-偶极激电测深二维反演中,编制相应反演程序并进行集成,形成集数据输入、反演计算、数据成图和结果输出为一体的二维反演软件。通过对起伏地形下的两个理论模型合成数据及一例实测数据的反演,反演结果表明反演软件有效。     

起伏地形频率域可控源电磁二维快速正反演

起伏地形频率域可控源电磁正反演研究受到众多学者的关注和重视,目前普遍实用的为未考虑地形的二维正反演算法程序。本文基于积分方程法正演和多场源、多频率、对比源反演算法,开展起伏地形条件下频率域可控源电磁二维快速正反演研究。通过引入层状参考模型、将地形与目标体整体作为异常场剖分区域,实现起伏地形可控源电磁正反演计算。针对包含地形在内的大尺度剖分区域引起的大型计算代价问题,采用快速傅里叶算法提高正反演计算效率。通过与现有正反演算法进行模型算例对比,验证了本文采用方法的可行性与有效性。     

井—地三维激发极化数据快速反演

为实现井—地激发极化数据的快速反演,分析三维有限元正演四面体网格剖分形成的系数矩阵的元素规律,应用MSR非零元素压缩存储和SSOR-PCG方程求解技术,提高了正演执行效率。在正演基础上,利用Jacobian矩阵与正演方程的简单关系,采用共轭梯度法求解最小二乘目标函数的模型修改量,避开Jacobian矩阵的直接计算和存储,实现了三维井-地激电数据的分钟级快速反演。模型正演合成数据的反演结果表明,能基本再现已知的模型。     

起伏地形重磁三维快速正演计算

正演是反演技术的基础,正演速度和求解反演问题的系数矩阵存放一直是起伏地形下重、磁三维反演的关键技术问题。这里提出了一种起伏地形下重磁快速正演计算方法,其计算原理是根据反演在垂向的剖分层数,利用水平地形正演计算形成二个不同大小刻度标尺矩阵,然后在模型空间,使用分段线性插值的方式,直接计算出起伏地形观测点的正演值。该方法的主要特点是在保持很高的计算精度下计算速度可提高二倍,且节省计算内存,适合起伏地形下重磁三维反演技术研究。     

基于起伏地层的曲面重力场快速高精度正演

Parker公式在起伏地层重力场正演方面以其简洁、快速等优点被广泛应用于地形改正以及界面反演等,但传统的Parker公式正演方法存在一定的缺陷,在起伏地层模型重力场的正演计算中,由于正演式中e的指数项数值稳定性较差,导致正演结果精度不高。在前人研究的基础上,对Parker公式进行了改进,通过增加上、下界面平均值的方法,提高正演的数值稳定性,改进后的正演精度得到大幅提升。在此基础上,提出了一种曲面观测算法,将观测面由传统的水平面推广到任意起伏面,实现了上下界面起伏地层在起伏观测面上的快速高精度重力正演计算和带地形的密度界面起伏模型的快速高精度重力正演模拟。为了保障数值精度,采用了Gauss-FFT算法,模型实验均取得很好效果。     

起伏地形条件下的磁异常二维聚焦反演及应用

地形对磁异常的反演和解释有很大的影响,特别是磁异常体贴近地表分布时更是如此,为了降低这种影响,笔者推导出了基于有限延深的二度厚板状体的带地形的磁异常正演公式,并提出了一种基于起伏地形的地下网格模型剖分的新方法。同时,聚焦反演对物性体有很强的聚焦效果,如果能够预先判断磁异常主要由地下浅层的强磁性体所引起,则可以考虑采用聚焦反演的方法得到磁性体的位置,显然这种方法非常适合铁矿体的反演。笔者将带地形的二维磁异常正演与聚焦反演结合起来,进行了相应的模型试验,并与水平地形下的聚焦反演及起伏地形下的光滑反演进行对比,验证了这种结合的有效性。最后,将该方法应用于新疆特克斯的磁异常剖面,对该剖面的磁性体分布做出了合理的解释。     

一种电磁法三维数值模拟的建模与网格剖分方法

为满足电磁法三维数值模拟解释对交互建模与可视化网格剖分的需求,利用计算机图形学、人机交互、拓扑关系学等技术,设计了起伏地形下三维矢量交互建模、四面体和六面体网格剖分流程,并开发了软件模块。该软件可提供起伏地形下电磁法三维数值模拟的四面体、六面体网格剖分的实用化工具,提高了电磁法三维在数据模拟与解释方面的可视化程度和计算效率。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with