两广云开隆起区存在中—古元古代基底的年代学证据

颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄测定显示，粤西罗定盆地南缘地区残斑岩脉和花岗斑岩脉的源区物质较复杂，包含1713Ma、1737Ma、2165Ma、和2494Ma 的物质。这些同位素年龄数据是云开隆起区存在中－古元古代基底的一个间接证据。     

滇中老街子Pb-Ag矿床粗面斑岩脉岩石成因：来自锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素与岩石地球化学证据

滇中老街子Pb-Ag矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩成矿带内的姚安铅多金属成矿区。矿区出露正长斑岩脉、粗面斑岩脉、煌斑岩脉及白榴石斑岩脉等多种类型富碱岩脉,与Pb-Ag矿（化）体在空间上密切共生。粗面斑岩脉为矿区内最为发育的富碱岩脉之一,根据岩相学特征,可分为斑晶以钠-透长石为主的Ⅰ类和斑晶以透长石和黑云母为主的Ⅱ类。本次工作对矿区粗面斑岩脉进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及岩石地球化学分析,确定了其成岩年龄,探讨了其成因机制。结果表明,2类粗面斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄不具明显差别,分别为(32.32±0.2) Ma和(32.43±0.4) Ma,与区内粗面岩、正长斑岩成岩年龄以及Pb-Ag矿床成矿年龄一致。2类粗面斑岩脉均属钾玄岩系列岩石,相对富集LILE和LREE、亏损HFSE,极低的εHf(t)值（-13.55～-8.53）,指示岩浆源区主要为加厚下地壳,混入了少量富集地幔组分。岩石为印-亚板块俯冲背景下,青藏高原隆升引发岩石圈拆沉作用产物,加厚下地壳和少量富集地幔部分熔融形成钾质岩浆,晚碰撞阶段的剪切-走滑作用诱发岩浆上升侵位,期间经历不同程度的岩浆演化,最终形...     

内蒙古牙克石岩山钼矿床矿石Re-Os和相关岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄测定

内蒙古牙克石地区近年来发现了岩山中型钼矿床。赋矿围岩以元古界兴华渡口群为主,其次为燕山期花岗斑岩隐伏岩体。该岩体自边部至中心,大致呈石英斑岩-花岗斑岩-花岗闪长岩相变的特点,U-Pb年龄分别为124±1 Ma、127±2 Ma、124±1 Ma。辉钼矿主要以石英(碳酸盐-萤石)辉钼矿脉、长石石英辉钼矿脉、碳酸盐(-萤石)辉钼矿脉的形式存在于围岩中,切穿岩体与地层的接触带。以兴华渡口群为围岩的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为125.2±1.7 Ma,以花岗斑岩为围岩的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为126.6±1.8 Ma,长石石英脉中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为125.3±1.8 Ma。根据矿体与围岩的相互关系及年龄测定结果,无论从时间上和空间上成矿均与燕山期花岗斑岩的侵入密切相关,热液充填活动明显,属岩浆热液型矿床。     

安徽东至兆吉口铅锌矿区岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对安徽省东至县兆吉口铅锌矿区岩浆岩的LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得矿区北部戴村花岗闪长岩体的年龄为145.5±1.3 Ma,花岗斑岩脉的年龄为143.5±4.3 Ma,细晶闪长岩脉的年龄为129.0±2.3 Ma和128.4±2.7 Ma,前两者为同一期岩浆作用的产物,后者为赋矿岩石之一,铅锌矿化与该期岩浆作用关系密切。矿区所有中酸性侵入岩体和岩脉中均发育大量继承锆石,反映有大量成岩物质来源于古老地壳基底。继承锆石核的同位素年龄集中于890～740 Ma,揭示出该区晋宁期华夏板块与扬子板块之间的构造-岩浆事件,少量大于1 000 Ma甚至2 500 Ma的锆石年龄数据反映该区可能存在早元古代甚至太古代古老陆壳基底。     

相山铀矿田邹家山矿床英安斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

对首次在相山铀矿田邹家山矿床发现的英安斑岩脉开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明:两个英安斑岩脉样品年龄加权平均值分别为122.4±0.5 Ma和126.5±1.4 Ma,晚于相山大规模火山侵入活动时间(132～137 Ma).该岩脉具有明显的轻...     

塔里木地台西南缘皮山煌斑岩的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄及其地质意义

塔里木地台西南缘皮山县煌斑岩脉群为超钾系列的煌斑岩,侵位于元古宇角门片岩中。经~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar法测定,煌斑岩中金云母的等时线年龄为(231.7±0.3)Ma,全岩等时线年龄为(228.5±0.3)Ma。地球化学数据指示其源区为受俯冲     

北秦岭南台钼多金属矿床成岩成矿年龄及锆石Hf同位素组成

南台钼多金属矿床是北秦岭典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,矿区内出露的岩浆岩主要有花岗斑岩、石英斑岩脉和爆破角砾岩,花岗斑岩内及接触带发育斑岩型和矽卡岩型钼多金属矿化。锆石LA-ICPMS定年测得花岗斑岩的U-Pb年龄为(151±1)Ma(N=12,MSWD=0.32),矿区内6件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄介于(146±2)～(151±2)Ma,其加权平均年龄为(148.8±1.7)Ma(N=6,MSWD=0.84)。成岩年龄与成矿年龄在误差范围内基本一致,表明南台钼多金属矿床形成于晚侏罗世,与其以北的华北克拉通南缘的主要斑岩型钼矿床大规模成矿时间一致。该花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素组成显示:176Hf/177Hf初始比值介于0.281 864～0.282 454,εHf(t)=-28.8～-7.9,两阶段模式年龄TDM2为2 654～1 506 Ma,均变化于一个较宽的范围,表明花岗斑岩的源区物质具有多源的特征,其中以壳源组分为主,可能有少量幔源组分的混入,暗示了成矿物质也可能主要来源于地壳,但地幔组分对成矿也有贡献。     

赣西北大岭上钨矿黑云母花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其与W、Cu矿化的关系

武宁县大岭上钨矿是赣西北大湖塘矿集区的重要组成部分,矿产类型以W为主,伴生有Cu、Mo等,成矿与燕山期花岗岩密切相关。本文重点研究了大岭上燕山期黑云母花岗斑岩锆石的U-Pb年龄及其Hf同位素特征,探讨了黑云母花岗斑岩的成岩年龄、物源性质及岩石与矿化的关系。本区黑云母花岗斑岩结晶锆石的加权平均年龄为130.4±1.6Ma,代表花岗斑岩的结晶年龄,该年龄与晚白垩世前后中国东部区域构造体制从挤压缩短变形向大陆伸展转换的时期(135Ma)基本一致。黑云母花岗斑岩结晶锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为+3.38~+8.63,二阶段模式年龄为684~1020Ma,说明大岭上黑云母花岗斑岩源岩物质主要为1020Ma之前从地幔中脱离出来的壳源物质,但有地幔物质混染。该区黑云母花岗斑岩的成岩年龄比矿集区钨矿的成矿年龄小,说明该黑云母花岗斑岩与矿区钨矿在成因上无关。黑云母花岗斑岩在空间上与矿区铜矿化密切共生,成岩物源中混染的幔源物质可能Cu元素的携载者,这些Cu叠加在早期钨矿中。大岭上矿区的钨、铜矿化是不同矿化时间和不同矿化种类叠加的产物。     

南岭东段赣南地区天门山花岗岩体及花岗斑岩脉的SHRIMP定年及其意义

赣南地区岩浆岩分布广泛,其中燕山期岩浆活动最为强烈,与W、Sn、Nb、Ta成矿的关系尤为密切。选择天门山岩体及附近的花岗斑岩脉为研究对象,应用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年技术,对天门山岩体的主体、补体和花岗斑岩脉进行了精确测年:天门山岩体的主体——中细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的9个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2Ma(MSWD=1.09);补体——细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的5个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.16);花岗斑岩(墙)脉锆石10个点的SHRIMP谐和年龄为150.8±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.6)。结合区域资料,研究表明:①天门山岩体的主体形成于中侏罗世,补体是主体进一步分异演化的产物;②在赣南西部的崇余犹矿集区内成岩与成矿的年龄基本上是协调一致的,成矿集中期为150~155Ma;③岩浆活动由中深成相花岗岩侵入体演化到浅成相花岗斑岩脉仅相差1~5Ma,表明存在成矿集中期。     

东乌珠穆沁旗索纳嘎钼铅锌多金属矿床成岩成矿年代学

索纳嘎钼铅锌多金属矿床是近些年继迪岩斑岩型钼矿床之后在二连-东乌珠穆沁旗多金属成矿带发现的又一个中型金属矿床,其以花岗斑岩岩浆热液体系的细网脉斑岩型钼矿化和热液脉型铅锌矿化的矿化组合为特点.采用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和辉钼矿ICP-MS Re-Os同位素精细测年技术,对成矿相关索纳嘎花岗斑岩的锆石和3个细网脉浸染型钼矿石的辉钼矿样品进行了同位素年代学测定,分别获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄164.8±2.0 Ma(MSWD=0.71)、谐和曲线的交点年龄167.8±2.6 Ma(MSWD=1.4)和187Re-187Os模式年龄加权平均年龄166.9±2.3 Ma.结果显示,索纳嘎钼铅锌多金属矿床成岩成矿年龄在误差范围内相一致,确立了二连一东乌珠穆沁旗成矿带早燕山期(167 Ma左右)一次重要钼多金属成矿事件.该时限与内蒙北部地区中生代早期大规模火山喷发作用时限相一致.综合分析认为,东乌珠穆沁旗一带167 Ma和140 Ma左右的2次重要成矿事件与研究区乃至大兴安岭南部地区中生代2次大规模火山喷发和岩浆侵入作用密切相关.      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.