我国首次发现的氟镧矿的矿物学研究

本文报道了新近在我国河南太平镇破碎带蚀变岩型轻稀土矿中发现的一个稀土氟化物矿物的矿物学特征。该矿物以集合体形式与氟铈矿、氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿、羟硅铈矿等紧密共生,手标本上为乳白至浅黄色,半透明,玻璃光泽,贝壳-不规则断口,不完全解理,白色条痕,性脆,摩氏硬度约为4～5,计算密度6. 07 g/cm3;偏光显微镜下呈无色透明,粒状-板状,一轴晶,负光性,ω=1. 611,ε=1. 605。电子探针分析得出矿物的经验化学式为(La0. 48Ce0. 42Nd0. 07Pr0. 03) F2. 97; X射线单晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于六方晶系,晶胞参数:a=0. 71400(4) nm,c=0. 72980(5) nm,Z=6,空间群P63cm(No.185);激光拉曼光谱特征峰主要包括228、308、370 cm-1,应为La-F振动引起。上述特征与氟镧矿特征一致,从而确定该矿物为氟镧矿。这是该矿物在我国的首次报道。     

云南白显矿床钡镁锰矿的矿物学研究

云南白显锰矿产于中三叠统法郎组地层中,其主要矿石矿物是钡镁锰矿。矿物属沉积成因,结晶细微,局部呈沿c轴延长的细小柱状和纤维状。矿物点群2/m,常见单形:斜方柱{110}、平行双面{100}和{001}。晶胞参数:a_0=0.9758nm,b_0=0.2848nm,c_0=0.9640nm,β=88.98°,V=0.26786nm~3,Z=1。矿物反射率为18.60～25.65,相对密度3.67,文中还列出了红外光谱和差热分析新资料。     

硒辉锑银矿—一个新变种

硒辉锑银矿是辉锑银矿的一个新变种,为国内外首次发现。产于云南省哀牢山变质带西带的金矿区含金石英脉中。矿物呈粒状,粒径0.1—0.02mm;黑色,不透明,金属光泽;在显微镜下呈浅灰微蓝色,反射多色性弱,非均质性清楚;硬度117—141kg/mm~2,理论密度5.59g/cm~3;单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,a_0=1.3031(10)nm,b_0=0.4444(3)nm,c_0=1.3377(9)nm,β=98.19°(6),Z=8,分子式为AgSb     

电子探针和X射线衍射仪测定新疆祖母绿宝石

新疆首次发现了质量上佳的祖母绿宝石(绿柱石),受到了国内外学者的高度关注。文章对新疆祖母绿矿物晶体进行电子探针显微分析(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试,获得EPMA成分分析结果及XRD测试晶胞参数、衍射图谱。结果表明,新疆祖母绿化学成分中Cr2O3含量较高,一般在0.21%~0.54%;典型样品晶胞参数测定结果为a0=0.923 3 nm,c0=0.920 6 nm,Z=2,主要粉晶谱线为2.871(100)、3.257(100)、7.996(100)。     

卡林型金矿床中自然砷的特征与成矿物理化学条件示踪

在"滇黔桂"、"川甘陕"两个金三角密集区内的某些卡林型金矿床中,自然砷矿物的存在并非个别现象。自然砷呈致密块状、致密凝胶体状(肾状)、脉状或微细脉状产出。自然砷呈他形粒状,颗粒大小变化较大,一般为0.05～0.50mm,最大可达2mm。反光显微镜下为白色,显微硬度为114.21～150.60kg/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度3.27～3.59。矿物主要化学成分As的质量分数为92.74%～99.74%,并含有S0.18%～5.25%,Sb0.04%～3.65%。矿物为三方晶系,晶胞参数值a=0.3759nm,c=1.0527nm。利用矿床中含砷矿物的共生组合特点及热力学资料,探讨了卡林型金矿床形成的温度、成矿流体的f(O2)、f(S2)变化范围及金以金砷络合物形式迁移的可能性。     

淡水鲈鱼硬体组织中羟磷灰石结晶特征研究

运用X射线微区衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜与能谱测试技术对淡水鲈鱼硬体组织的鳞片、牙齿、鳍骨、蝶骨和脊椎骨中无机矿物做了成分与结构方面的探究。结果表明硬体组织中的矿物相均为羟磷灰石,化学成分呈现缺Ca富P的特征。鳞片中羟磷灰石晶胞参数具有较大的变动范围a=0.941 8~0.947 7 nm,c=0.684 1~0.690 3 nm;骨骼中a=0.942 6~0.945 7 nm,c=0.687 3~0.688 7 nm;牙齿中a=0.946 3 nm,c=0.688 0 nm。晶粒尺寸达到纳米级别,计算结果为D_鳞=7.204~13.711 nm,D_骨=14.088~17.077 nm,D_牙=28.219 nm。结晶度由好到差的顺序为:牙齿→骨骼→鳞片。X射线衍射图表明,牙齿、鳞片和骨骼中羟磷灰石晶体均具有择优取向结晶特点,取向因子R计算结果表明硬体组织中羟磷灰石均趋向沿c轴择优取向生长。生物矿物结晶度及择优取向是组织功能和有机基质调控的结果。X射线微区衍射技术能无损、有效的获取生命微晶体的结构信息,适合生物矿物研究。     

湖南寒婆坳矿区热变质煤结构演化及其矿物学特征响应

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、差热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征手段对湖南寒婆坳矿区热变质煤的化学组分、物理性质、结构演化与其矿物学特征响应进行了研究。结果表明：岩浆侵入体的热力及构造应力作用促进煤化程度升高逐渐转变为隐晶质石墨,氢、碳原子数目比(H/C)逐渐降低,矿物主要为伊利石、绿泥石、叶蜡石、石英及黄铁矿等;随变质程度增加,真密度升高,孔隙度与电阻率降低;在400℃之后,失重曲线下降缓慢且斜率变小,显示深度裂解与脱落较少。 d 002、 L a、 L c的演化趋势呈非线性变化,显示煤有机大分子结构向石墨化演化的过程中呈现“跃变”;隐晶质石墨样品的晶体结构主要为2H型石墨结构,不同程度地含有3R多型,石墨化度为0. 47~0. 84,石墨晶体轴长 a 为0. 2469~0. 2471 nm, c 为0. 6738~0. 6762 nm,晶胞体积 V 为0. 03562~0. 03570 nm3,显示靠近岩体晶胞体积减小;随着变质程度升高, L a、 L c迅速增加,堆叠层数急剧增大,煤内部空间结构趋于有序化,拉曼参数 A D1、 P (G- D1)逐渐降低。     

硫铜铁矿的发现及其地质意义

产于磁铁矿矿床中的硫铜铁矿的发现，在国内属首次报导，矿物呈他形粒状，粒径为0.054-0.074mm,硬度H＝4.01g/um^2，反射色为桔黄色，均质性，比重4.13g/cm^3,化学成分Fe31.030,Cu34.038,S34.042.,Co0.037,Ni0.01,Zn0.025,Ag0.013(%), 总量99．195％，化学式为Cu1.008Fe1.0464S2，颜色指数Rvis=28.38%,(x=0.4142.y=0.4022,Pe=0.4507,λd=580nm);X-射线分析数据为3．038（10），2.610(1),1.860(8),1.590(5),晶胞参数a=5.306(A)，共生存物主要有磁铁矿，赤铁矿，黄铜矿，黄铁矿，菱铁矿等，并进一步探讨了矿物成因。     

黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素赋存状态

铝土矿中常伴生稀土等重要的战略性矿产资源,具有巨大潜在经济价值.本文通过化学物相分析,包括水溶相、离子相、胶态沉积相和矿物相4个相态进行逐级分离,以及碳酸盐类、有机质、铁矿物类、石英及硅酸盐类进行逐级分离等,研究了黔北务—正—道铝土矿中稀土元素的赋存状态.结果表明,该区铝土矿中稀土元素主要是以矿物相和离子相为主,水溶相稀土和胶态沉积相稀土极少,且矿物相稀土元素主要赋存于硅酸盐类矿物中.结合该区铝土矿矿物组成特征,认为粘土矿物是其中稀土元素主要的载体矿物,主要呈类质同象形式赋存于粘土矿物(如高岭石和绿泥石等)中,部分稀土元素呈分散状态被铝矿物(如一水硬铝石、软水铝石、三水铝石等)以及粘土矿物吸附.     

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿矿物系列

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿系列发现于西秦岭寒武系拉尔玛、邛莫金矿床中。与其密切共生的矿物有硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒质块硫锑铜矿、硒镍矿、自然金以及石英、重晶石等。辉锑矿–硒锑矿系列的显微压力硬度为101.26~103 kg/mm²。主要元素的质量分数为: Sb 43.78%~73.81%,S 0.00%~28.76%,Se 0.00%~49.72%(但缺乏30.59%~43.04%之间的数据)。根据电子探针分析数据中Se/(S+Se)比值(原子比),可将所测矿物系列划分为(含硒质)辉锑矿、硒质辉锑矿、硫质硒锑矿和(含硫质)硒锑矿。矿物系列代表性的反射率(%)：(470 nm)Rg’=42.62~47.62,Rp’=30.83~40.55;(550 nm)Rg’=41.84~46.75,Rp’=31.48~38.85;(590 nm)Rg’=42.25~46.63,Rp’=30.73~39.46;(650 nm)Rg’=43.30~46.48,Rp’=30.01~41.56。两个含Se量为3%~5%含硒质辉锑矿的晶胞参数值为:a=1.120 9~1.121 2 nm,b=1.1299~1.130 3 nm,c=0.384 7~0.384 9 nm;而硫质硒锑矿、硒锑矿的晶胞参数值分别为：a=1.159 1~1.159 3 nm;b=1.172 4~1.174 7 nm;c=0.394 1~0.398 4 nm。晶胞参数的变化与矿物中硫、硒含量变化密切相关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with