低应变桩基检测方法在检测锚杆锚固质量中的应用

本文从理论上分析了在锚杆检测中可能出现的振动和波动的变化特征,阐述了现行基桩低应变检测分析方法(包括现行仪器、反射波震相及数据处理)、波列振幅衰减测桩法(包括振幅衰减、震相及周期变化)在对杆长及锚固质量进行无损检测的可行性,并以检测实例证明对于检测8～10 m的锚杆长度及锚固质量能满足现行规范、规程要求;对于4 m以下的短锚杆,则需提高采样率,提高仪器精度.同时指出检测及分析时需注意的事项.     

桩位下浅层基岩内洞穴的高频震波勘探研究

叙述桩底下浅层基岩内的洞穴勘探方法。采用高频地震勘探仪系统,或在桩底原位激发、接受振波。或几个桩底联测,互为激发、接受,或将两者合并进行。通过对震波的震相、周期和振幅等特征的分析确定桩底下浅层基岩内是否存在洞穴。震波周期大,反射波到时早,则在浅层基岩内存在洞穴;而周期小,且无反射波者,财在浅层基岩内没有洞穴。     

曲靖电厂冷却塔桩位下浅层基岩内洞穴的震波勘探研究

以曲靖电厂冷却塔为例,叙述桩位下浅层基岩内的洞穴勘探方法.采用高频地震勘探仪系统,或在桩底原位激发、接受震波,或几个桩底联测,互为激发、接受震波,或将两者合并进行.通过对震波的震相、周期和振幅等特征的分析确定桩位下浅层基岩内是否存在洞穴.震波周期大,反射波到时早,则在浅层基岩内存在洞穴;而周期小,且无反射波者,在浅层基岩内没有洞穴.     

山西大同、朔州地区非天然地震特征与识别

通过震相特征、P波初动方向、As/Ap振幅比、频谱等,对山西北部非天然地震的特征及其识别进行研究.结果表明,爆破、塌陷具有相对独特的震相特征,塌陷震相频率单一、面波明显且出现早,爆破震相的P波发育且初动强而尖锐,波列衰减较快,持续时间短;在P波垂直初动方面,震中距100 km范围内,塌陷超过85％ 的台站初动向下,爆破...     

单次冲击能量及P em>-Sem>曲线测桩法

通过研究打桩公式法和应力波动法（如CASE法），提出单次冲击能量及P-S曲线测桩法:用重锤或小型火箭筒一次冲击桩顶，用桩顶附近的检波器记录振波图和检测静、动位移. 通过实测冲击能(总能量)转换系数、波动和振动各自消耗的能量等各物理量，测定计算单桩竖向承载力. 利用振波图计算力（P）与位移（S）动态关系曲线，确定屈服点，并利用静载荷试验检验动测结果和确定动静P-S曲线的相关常数，进而确定与承载力相应的沉降量. 而且，可由PS曲线的形态判定桩身成型质量.      

波列振幅P em>-Sem>曲线测桩法

叙述一种新的大应变检测单桩竖向承载力的方法. 用重锤或小型火箭筒冲击桩顶，用检波器记录振波图. 引入应变（变形力）的高次项，从理论上证明当为大位移大应变， 即桩相对于土体产生整体滑动时，位移、速度和加速度则不能经过简单积分加速度和微分速度得到，即它们为非线性关系. 由此导出:通过波列振幅计算力（P）和位移（S）,并作（动态）P-S曲线、确定屈服点，进而阐述确定单桩竖向承载力的方法，并利用静载荷试验检验动测结果和确定动静P（Q）S曲线的相关常数.      

单次冲击能量及P-S曲线测桩法

通过研究打桩公式法和应力波动法 (如CASE法 ) ,提出单次冲击能量及P S曲线测桩法 :用重锤或小型火箭筒一次冲击桩顶 ,用桩顶附近的检波器记录振波图和检测静、动位移 .通过实测冲击能 (总能量 )转换系数、波动和振动各自消耗的能量等各物理量 ,测定计算单桩竖向承载力 .利用振波图计算力 (P)与位移 (S)动态关系曲线 ,确定屈服点 ,并利用静载荷试验检验动测结果和确定动静P S曲线的相关常数 ,进而确定与承载力相应的沉降量 .而且 ,可由PS曲线的形态判定桩身成型质量 .     

桥梁在役桩的竖向动力响应特性及损伤识别研究

基于ANSYS LS-DYNA建立桥梁的墩-承台-桩-土有限元显式动力学模型,模拟桥梁的桩基础在承台上表面施加冲击荷载后完整桩和有断裂缺陷桩的竖向速度响应,分六桩-承台和八桩-承台两种桩基础进行数值计算。结果表明：在所要检测的基桩对应的承台上表面施加冲击力,产生的应力波通过承台到达下方的基桩后沿桩身向下传播,类似于低应变反射波法测桩的原理,应力波在到达桩底桩土交界面或者断裂面等阻抗变化较大处会发生应力波反射,在桩头处的竖向速度响应波形曲线中能识别出反射回的应力波,进而判别桩是完整还是存在断裂损伤;数值计算同时记录承台表面的竖向速度响应,发现承台表面的竖向速度响应波形比桩头处的竖向速度响应波形由于应力波在桩承台界面的多次反射而更加复杂,难以准确判断反射波。     

低速地层裸眼井中弹性波的传播

本文在文献[4]的基础上分析了低速地层（地层横波速度低于井内流体速度）裸眼井中由点源激发的弹性波的传播。指出在这种情况下井内传播的波仅有共振纵波、斯通利波和衰减的反射波,共振横波和伪瑞利波将不再出现。由数值计算得出了相速度和群速度频散曲线,给出了势函数的振幅表达式和反射波随井轴的衰减规律。     

各向异性衰减薄层地震响应特征研究

薄储层的叠前地震响应特征研究,特别是针对具有速度各向异性的含流体薄层,对储层描述具有十分重要的意义.文中基于波动方程数值模拟方法,正演得到各向同性弹性、各向同性衰减、速度各向异性、各向异性衰减模型的地震波场,并对比分析了四种模型的纵波(PP)和转换横波(PS)地震反射特征.研究结果表明:在衰减介质背景下,引入各向异性,PP和PS波的反射波振幅较弹性介质均减弱,且衰减因素对薄层振幅的影响强于各向异性.同时,VTI各向异性衰减在单频PS振幅曲线上表现出强差异性,而HTI各向异性衰减则会影响PP和PS波单频振幅曲线的极值点幅值和位置,通过分析单频振幅曲线的极值点振幅和极值点位置对各向异性衰减薄层预测有指导作用,尤其对平时较难分辨的VTI各向异性衰减薄层,单频分析方法的优势更明显.     

A new method of testing pile using dynamic P-S-curve made by amplitude of wave train

Introduction To the impact pattern, the dynamic test with high strain is generally grouped into two kinds.One is stricken by hammer and another is by rocket. The former is widely used and the latter isused widely abroad and seldom used at home. To the analyzing method, it is also divided into twokinds. One is the method of wave equation and another is the method of experimental formula.The methods of Smith, Case and Capwap and other improved methods belong to the former, andthe methods …     

A new method of testing pile using dynamic P-S-curve made by amplitude of wave train

A new method of detecting the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile with high strain is discussed in this paper. A heavy hammer or a small type of rocket is used to strike the pile top and the detectors are used to record vibration graphs. An expression of higher degree of strain (deformation force) is introduced. It is testified theoretically that the displacement, velocity and acceleration cannot be obtained by simple integral acceleration and differential velocity when long displacement and high strain exist, namely when the pile phase generates a whole slip relative to the soil body. That is to say that there are non-linear relations between them. It is educed accordingly that the force P and displacement S are calculated from the amplitude of wave train and (dynamic) P-S curve is drew so as to determine the yield points. Further, a method of determining the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile is discussed. A static load test is utilized to check the result of dynamic test and determine the correlative constants of dynamic-static P(Q)-S curve. Foundation item: Key projects of the tenth Five-year Plan of Yunnan Province (documented Yunnan district [2002]54-02-02) and Geophysical Society of Yunnan Province.     

水平排桩对土体振动抑制作用影响的试验研究

为研究水平放置排桩对土体振动幅值的抑制作用,采用控制变量法进行模型试验,将试验获得的时域信号通过傅里叶变换转换为频域信号,得到频域条件下土体振幅,并绘制土体振幅等值线图,对等值线图不同区域土体振幅进行分析,重点分析振幅显著位置处数值变化。研究结果表明,排桩布置区域上方土体振幅大于排桩布置区域外的土体振幅,沿桩长方向土体振幅大于垂直于桩方向土体振幅;在排桩布置区域上方,排桩对高频波引起的土体振动抑制作用较差,对低频波引起的土体振动抑制作用较明显;排桩埋深越小,对土体振动的抑制作用越明显;排桩布置区域填充率越大,对土体振动的抑制作用越明显;排桩桩径越大,对土体振动的抑制作用越明显。     

黏弹性EDA介质中地震波的衰减特性研究

本文首先由Christoffel方程推导出黏弹性EDA介质中均匀、 非均匀P波、 SV波和SH波的相速度表达式, 然后参照极端各向异性介质的相关计算方法, 推导出EDA介质中均匀、 非均匀地震波相衰减系数和群衰减系数的表达式, 并通过数值计算分析了相速度、 相衰减系数、 群衰减系数与裂隙方位的关系. 结果表明: 均匀介质中SH波的相速度和相衰减系数均可指示裂隙的走向; 非均匀介质中SH波相衰减系数随非均匀角的增大而增大, 且其对称轴与介质对称轴的夹角也相应增加; 由于地震波振幅的衰减随岩石物理性质的变化比地震波速度的变化更为灵敏, 而且携带了更多的岩石物理性质信息, 因此可用来探明裂隙走向、 密度及含水特性, 进而应用于预测、 预防地下工程地质灾害事故.      

A new method of testing pile using dynamic <Emphasis Type="Italic">P-S</Emphasis>-curve made by amplitude of wave train

A new method of detecting the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile with high strain is discussed in this paper. A heavy hammer or a small type of rocket is used to strike the pile top and the detectors are used to record vibration graphs. An expression of higher degree of strain (deformation force) is introduced. It is testified theoretically that the displacement, velocity and acceleration cannot be obtained by simple integral acceleration and differential velocity when long displacement and high strain exist, namely when the pile phase generates a whole slip relative to the soil body. That is to say that there are non-linear relations between them. It is educed accordingly that the force P and displacement S are calculated from the amplitude of wave train and (dynamic) P-S curve is drew so as to determine the yield points. Further, a method of determining the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile is discussed. A static load test is utilized to check the result of dynamic test and determine the correlative constants of dynamic-static P(Q)-S curve.     

金属套管对多分量电磁感应测井信号的影响

研究金属套管对低频电磁场各分量透射信号和反射信号的影响规律对采用过套管电磁感应测井技术监测生产过程中的流体移动具有重要价值.采用柱状成层各向异性介质中的并矢Green函数模拟当发射源在套管内、接收器分别在套管内和套管外时多分量电磁感应的响应,并系统分析了金属套管对透射磁场和反射磁场各主分量的影响规律.计算结果表明,无论是透射场还是反射场,由于所采用的频率较低,金属套管对每个分量信号的影响可以与地层对该分量信号的影响分开.在低频段,磁性金属套管对磁场各分量仍存在稳定的反射,但不同分量被反射的程度不同,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量(如ρρ分量)被反射的程度高于受套管磁屏蔽作用小的分量(如zz分量).随着频率的升高,反射磁场的强度逐渐增大并最终达到饱和,信号被全反射.磁性金属套管的存在导致透射磁场各分量出现不同程度的幅度衰减和相位延迟,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量的幅度衰减程度大.在固定套管参数和频率的情况下,磁性套管对透射磁场不同分量的影响程度虽然不同但是恒定,其所导致的各分量的幅度衰减和相位延迟与线圈系位置和地层电参数无关.在低频段,套管外透射场的各分量处于准静态,其幅度和相位均不随频率而改变,受套管磁屏蔽作用大的分量的幅度随套管磁导率和厚度的不同而存在明显变化.当频率超过某一临界值后,套管的影响逐渐从以静态屏蔽为主转到以趋肤效应为主,导致透射场幅度的衰减和相位的延迟,套管的厚度越大、套管的电导率和相对磁导率值越大,所对应的频率临界值越小.     

Attenuation zones of periodic pile barriers with initial stress

Periodic pile barriers exhibit unique dynamic property, i.e., the frequency attenuation zones. When wave frequencies fall in the attenuation zones, the amplitude of the elastic waves could be reduced by the periodic pile barriers. In the present paper, out-of-plane waves propagating in two-dimensional periodic pile barriers are investigated. A novel numerical approach based on the weak form quadrature element method (WFQEM) is developed to study the effect of initial stress on the attenuation zones of the pile barriers. The proposed method is verified to be with significant advantages in both accuracy and convergence with regard to the lumped-mass method (LMM) in particular cases. The theoretical results show that the initial stress significantly alters the position and width of the attenuation zones, however, it does not affect the maximum attenuation coefficient. In addition, elastic waves propagating in periodic pile barriers with finite number of unit cells is simulated at the end of this paper. The results obtained in the present paper are very useful for the design and application of periodic pile barriers in ambient vibration reduction.     

一种黏声波方程逆时偏移成像中的衰减补偿方法

在存在强衰减介质的区域进行逆时偏移成像,需要既能补偿地震波传播过程中的振幅衰减,又能保持其相位不变的高效算法.为此,本文提出了一种利用有限差分模拟进行声波衰减补偿的方法来实现考虑衰减的逆时偏移.这种方法以线性黏弹性体模型为基础,保持其复模量的实部不变,并采用多项式多级优化方法修正复模量的虚部,从而实现在保持相位不变的同时补偿振幅,进而有效提高偏移成像的清晰程度,尤其是对于介质对地震波衰减极为强烈的情形.这一方法在声波方程中只增加了整数阶微分算子进行修正,能够保证利用有限差分法进行数值求解,有利于进行高效的大规模细粒度并行计算和GPU加速计算.数值实验结果验证了这一方法的可行性和有效性,能够很好地提高强衰减介质区域的偏移成像质量.     

Extension of tube wave detection for quality evaluation of pile foundation

Based on the theory of tube wave propagation in a fluid-filled borehole, this paper proposes a new method for detecting the integrity of pile foundation and overcomes some limitations of the existing pile integrity tests. The basic principle of detecting the pile integrity by the tube wave, testing equipment and concrete quality evaluation of piles are introduced. The feasibility of the tube wave detection for geological exploration of a bridge pile in a karst development area is verified by field tests. Through some test cases of prestressed high strength concrete pipe piles, cast-in-place piles and rock-socketed piles with defects, the accuracy of the tube wave detection and other methods is compared. Then, some issues of the application of the tube wave for detecting pile defects are discussed. Finally, the content of this paper is summarized, and some suggestions on further research are put forward.