南海介形类(介形纲:壮肢亚纲:吸海萤科)一新属新种——复合多腺浮萤

浮游介形类是海洋生态系统中极为丰富的一类小型甲壳动物，是海洋浮游动物的重要组成部分。吸海萤科是介形纲吸海萤目下的一大类群，其中，浮萤族已记述21属的生物。本文报道和描述了新近采自南海中部的一个浮萤族新属新种--复合多腺浮萤。该新物种与相关属和种可通过综合相关特征进行区分：位于右不对称腺体上方的侧角腺开口于近后缘；沿其壳腹缘具有一列排列密集的边缘腺；其前器官形状的综合特点与族内其他属物种均不同；第一触角的e刚毛不具有毛或刺；第二触角内肢乳状突表现为一具有腹面中央凹的椭圆隆起，第一外肢具有一根小背前缘刺，第一与第二外肢愈合，第三与第四外肢不具有刚毛或刺；大颚的第一内肢具一根长腹侧刚毛，第二内肢具一根腹侧刚毛；小颚第一内肢具两根基部刚毛；第五肢的第一外肢仅具一根腹侧刚毛；第六肢的第一与第二外肢不具有腹侧刚毛。其壳上主要腺体及开口位置与其他已记录属种的显著区别是该新属的主要特征。     

东海自由生活线虫两新种

描述了采自东海陆架沉积物中自由生活线虫Hopperia和Nemanema属的两个新种。新种大化感器霍帕线虫主要特征是螺旋形化感器5圈，较大；弓形交接刺近端宽大具有中肋，延伸至三分之一处；引带具有弯曲的引带突；6个乳突状的肛前辅器；锥柱状尾具有膨大的末端和尾端刚毛。新种小线虫的主要特征是身体大小是属内最小的；具有较大的椭圆形化感器；尾锥状；交接刺细，具有腹面翼膜，近端弯钩状；引带环形；1个肛前辅器乳突状，其上着生3条刚毛。更新完善了Hopperia属17个种的二岐检索表。     

Revision of family and some generic definitions in the Phaennidae and Scolecithricidae (Copepoda: Calanoida)

Some genera have been removed from the family Phaennidae which, with the Scolecithricidae, are redefined. All other genera have been placed close to the Diaixidae and Tharybidae.

The scolecithricid genera Scolecithrix, Scolecithricella, Amallothrix, Scaphocalanus and Lophothrix are redefined. It is suggested that the species Scolecithrix ctenopus, S. auropecten, S. fowled and Amallophora altera represent four groups of species which probably should be given generic status.

A new species of Parundinella is named and a juvenile Neoscolecithrix described.     

隐虾亚科(十足目:长臂虾科)系统发育初探

于１９９３年７月－１９９５年７月，基于隐虾亚科绝大部分属的分类学，系统学、比较形态学研究及部分生物学文献资料并对１７个属的标本进行解剖分析，以支序分析地隐虾亚科作了系统发育初步探讨。结果表明，隐虾亚科为一单系类群，起源于原始的行自由生活的长臂虾类祖先，该类群因躲避敌害而在石珊瑚形成的小空间中营隐蔽生活，逐渐发展到可与腔肠动物、棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物等营共栖生活与海绵动物和双壳类共栖才可     

Population dynamics and chemical ecology of New Zealand Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae: Polymastiidae)

For 3 years aspects of the population dynamics, growth, and bioactivity (measure of biologically active metabolite biosynthesis) of the Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Kelly‐Borges & Bergquist) were examined on a subtidal reef on the Wellington south coast, New Zealand. For both species, survival of adult sponges was high in all seasons, whereas juvenile sponges had poor survival. Recruitment of Latrunculia sp. nov. occurred in all seasons indicating that this species is reproductively active throughout the year. P. croceus recruited mostly in autumn, supporting previous work that found the sponge to be reproductively active in summer and early autumn only. For both sponge species, growth rates varied greatly between individuals and were unaffected by initial sponge size within the range examined. Sponges generally grew during winter and spring as the water temperature rose, and shrank during summer and autumn as the water temperature fell. This growth pattern may relate to seasonal variation in food abundance, and for P. croceus it may result also from seasonal differences in reproductive investment. After 2 years, Latrunculia sp. nov. and P. croceus had on average, halved and doubled in size, respectively. Latrunculia sp. nov. showed a seasonal pattern of bioactivity, being most active in spring possibly to prevent the surface overgrowth of fouling organisms. P. croceus had no seasonal pattern of bioactivity, but individuals were either very active or inactive. The bioactive metabolites in both species possibly aid in competitive interactions and prevent predation and biofouling.     

Long‐term sponge stranding along the shores of Sardinia Island (Western Mediterranean Sea)

The taxonomic richness and geographic distribution of sponges stranded along Sardinian shores were investigated in the long term by means of a revisited ancient sampling method in order to support a comprehensive species inventory. Almost all stranded species were Keratosa (n = 20), plus 6 species of other Demospongiae taxa. Dictyoceratida were dominant, with 6 genera and 19 species of the families Irciniidae, Spongiidae and Thorectidae: 9 Mediterranean endemics, 7 Atlanto‐Mediterranean and 3 widespread species. Regarding Dendroceratida, only the genus Spongionella was found. Some species (n = 8) were recorded for the first time in circum‐Sardinian seas. A high percentage (54.3%; 19 out of the 35 species) of the total Mediterranean Dictyoceratida fauna was recorded, including the most endangered Mediterranean species, that is of the genera Spongia and Hippospongia. Hippospongia communis, Ircinia variabilis, Spongia zimocca and Spongia officinalis were the most common species. Morphotraits of rare and/or poorly known species were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparison among Sardinian sectors, and between Sardinian and adjacent seas, revealed a high similarity of stranded Dictyoceratida, despite the fact that the data from Tyrrhenian and Balearic–Catalan seas were collected mainly from SCUBA records. The cost‐effective sampling method used in the present study seems appropriate to the gross qualitative monitoring of coastal areas (e.g. large unexplored Northern African coasts), in order to assess the conservation status of Mediterranean Keratosa species. The wide distribution of all Mediterranean bath sponge species indicates their good conservation status in circum‐Sardinian seas, a datum that could usefully support the future management of this bioresource, particularly in protected areas.     

Aetideus and Euaetideus (copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

The genus Euaetideus Sars, 1925 is here merged with Aetideus Brady, 1883 (Copepoda : Calanoida : Aetideidae). Three new species of the genus Aetideus are described from the Pacific as well as the males of three other known species. A key is given to the known males and females in the genus Aetideus. The closely related genera Paivella and Snelliaetideus are compared with Aetideus.     

中国近海蛾螺科(Gastropoda: Buccinidae)种类齿舌的扫描电镜观察

本研究选取了中国近海蛾螺科动物16属,共计21种,进行了齿舌解剖,利用扫描电子显微镜对齿舌进行了观察,并对其形态特征进行了研究对比。结果证明,蛾螺科种类的齿舌齿式为1·1·1。通过研究发现蛾螺科动物的齿舌形态结构包括形状、排列方式以及齿尖数目虽然在属内、种内有一定的变化,但仍可以作为蛾螺科种类的分类依据之一,从而将各属、种区分开来。此外,本研究确认了在火红土产螺Pisania ignea(Gmelin,1791)中存在着齿舌两性异型现象。     

中国海蝉虾亚科Scyllarinae Latreille, 1825(Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinura)的研究

报告了蝉虾亚科Scyllarinae分类研究最新进展和中国海的种类。根据Holthuis 2002年在蝉虾属ScyllarusFabricius,1775之外为印度-太平洋的种建立了13个新属的最新研究进展,记载中国海蝉虾亚科8属12种,内含1新纪录;讨论了有关的分类问题和地理分布特点,纠正了过去的错误鉴定,分清了种的混淆。     

New genera and species of benthic calanoid copepods from the New Zealand slope

Thirteen new species of benthic calanoid copepods are described from depths of 1,184–1,697 m off New Zealand. Seven species belong to previously described aetideid genera (Bradyidius—four spp., Comantenna—one sp., Pseudeuchaeta—two spp.) and the remainder represent new genera in three families: Aetideidae—three genera, four spp.; Arietellidae—one genus and sp.; Bathypontiidae—one genus and sp.     

One new free-living marine nematode species of genus Cephalanticoma from the South China Sea

One new species of free-living marine nematode Cephalanticoma brevicaudata sp. nov. from the South China Sea is described. Cephalanticoma brevicaudata sp. nov. is characterized by spindle body with relatively short tail; head with cephalic capsule; three teeth at anterior of pharynx; excretory pore opens posterior to cervical setae; three cervical setae per file; spicules arcuate, cephalate and ventrally bent proximally, and blunt distally, 1.8 a.b.d. long, without ventral ala; gubernaculun slender, simple rod, without apophyses; tubular supplement 34 μm long, 2.3 a.b.d. in front of cloaca.     

福建漳江口红树林保护区浮游植物群落的季节变化研究

于2001年1月～2003年1月对福建省漳江口红树林区水体浮游植物群落的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,漳江口红树林区浮游植物以硅藻门种类为主,优势种为长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.1)等,同时出现多种裸藻、绿藻和甲藻。本次调查共鉴定到浮游植物31属87种(包括变种),其中硅藻门23属75种(包括变种),蓝藻门3属3种,绿藻门1属4种,金藻门1属1种,甲藻门2属2种,裸藻门1属2种。浮游植物密度变化范围为2.78×104～1.14×106个/L,平均为3.51×105个/L,季节变化为双峰型。出现大量的底栖硅藻和淡水性藻类是该水域浮游植物的一个特点。浮游植物的组成和结构表明该水域水质较好。     

Descriptions of two New Zealand sea anemones (Actiniaria: Hormathiidae)

The sea anemones Calliactis conchicola Parry, 1952 and Paracalliactis rosea n.sp. are described. This is the first report of the hormathiid genus Paracalliactis for New Zealand. Calliactis conchicola occurs with living gastropods, hermit crabs, and a true crab, and Paracalliactis rosea occurs with hermit crabs and a true crab. Certain characteristics of each of the two anemones suggest that the genera Calliactis and Paracalliactis may not be as discrete as was indicated by earlier reports.     

15种陆生贝类齿舌形态的比较研究

采用扫描电镜技术对江西省分布的7科11属15种陆生贝类的齿舌进行了观察与详细描述.结果显示所研究的15种陆生贝类中,除环口螺科的矮小双边凹螺Chamalycacus nanus侧齿和缘齿均仅有单列外,其他各科种类均由多横列组成.每一横列上又包含若干个齿片.不同科的种类齿片上缘或侧缘的数目和形态有较大差异.同一属间种类的齿片形态较为相似.     

Investigating the molecular systematic relationships amongst selected Plesionika (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

Despite the high number of species and ecological diversity of pandalid shrimps, there has been no previous attempt to resolve evolutionary relationships of several genera using molecular tools. Although mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used in barcoding studies to delimit species boundaries, additional insights into phylogenetic affinities can be obtained, especially when used in combination with data from additional genes. The knowledge of molecular diversity is essential to understand phylogenetic relationships and will help systematic clarifications. Based on partial fragments of the 16S and COI genes, we have focused specifically on addressing the systematic relationships of the economically and ecologically important shrimp genus Plesionika within a framework of five genera from within the Pandalidae. Our results showed that species within Plesionika are substantially divergent when compared with other genera, exhibiting the highest average nucleotide divergence, with 0.1123 and 0.0846 in COI and 16S genes, respectively. In addition, sequence divergence was found to vary greatly within the genus Plesionika (COI/16S): 0.0247/0.0016 between Plesionika antigai and Plesionika heterocarpus and 0.1616/0.098 between Plesionika heterocarpus and Plesionika edwardsii. We did not find amino acid sequence divergence between P. heterocarpus and P. antigai compared with P. heterocarpus and P. edwardsii (8.10%, K2P distance). Three species of Plesionika (P. antigai, P. heterocarpus and Plesionika scopifera) appear well separated from other Plesionika species in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The present study confirms the utility of COI over 16S as a genetic marker to resolve relationships between different species of Plesionika from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, in addition to species delimitation. The findings highlight the need to further review paraphyly within Plesionika in an attempt to recognize a concordance in the evolutionary history of Plesionika with major ecological and geological events.     

Parasitic barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) from New Zealand off‐shore waters

Nine genera and species of rhizocephalans were recorded from the off‐shore waters around New Zealand. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences were used to examine base differences between the European and New Zealand species of Parthenopea. Serial sections to study the internal structures of the reproductive organs were made for the genera Thylacoplethus and Thompsonia. Two species, Parthenopea australis n. sp. and Thylacoplethus novaezealandiae n. sp. are new to science and described in detail. Parthenopea australis n. sp. is the first rhizocephalan species recorded from the vicinity of active cold seeps. Three rhizocephalans could not be identified as they were parasitised by hyperparasitic cryptoniscine isopods. The decapodhost species comprised the taxa Paguridae, Lithodidae, Galatheidae, Chirostylidae, and Callianassidae.     

Some aspects of the biology of the micronektonic fishCyclothone pallida andC. acclinidens (Pisces: Gonostomatidae) in Sagami Bay,Central Japan

Some aspects of the biology of the micronektonic fishesCyclothone pallida andC. acclinidens are described on the basis of samples taken during a series of 20 cruises from December 1982 to November 1985 at a fixed station near the center of Sagami Bay, Central Japan.C. pallida is a regular component of theCyclothone population in Sagami Bay, being found in more than 90% of the samples. On the other hand,C. acclinidens was encountered sporadically, being found in less than 25% of the samples. The depth range ofC. pallida is estimated to be about 400–1,000 m. It spawns mainly during the spring and summer in Sagami Bay.C. pallida releases about 1,000–3,000 eggs and may spawn several times during its life span. On the average, it reaches 18.5 mm standard length (SL) in one year, 24 mm SL in two years and 29.5 mm SL in three years during its subadult stage. Extrapolation of the growth curve suggests that males and females attain first sexual maturity in three to four years at 30–35 mm and five to six years at 40–45 mm SL, respectively.Cyclothone pallida is concluded to have a regular life cycle in Sagami Bay. It remains uncertain whether or notC. acclinidens reproduces in this area.     

New Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from solitary ascidians

Samples of simple ascidians of the genera Asterocarpa, Cnemidocarpa, Corella, and Pyura were collected from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand (41°16'S, 174° 51'E) and three species of the crustacean family Notodelphyidae were recovered, all from the branchial baskets of the ascidians.

Pygodelphys novaeseelandiae (Schellenberg), and two new species of Doropygus, are described and illustrated.