白涧铁矿南区复杂地层钻探施工技术

邢台白涧铁矿南区地层岩石破碎、部分地层含角砾、胶结性差、漏失严重,钻探施工中存在掉块卡钻、缩径、坍塌、埋钻及孔内泥浆全部漏失等难题。通过优化钻孔结构、使用新工艺、新方法,合理选择钻进参数,采用绳索取心钻进配合预留技术套管,有效解决了上部煤系地层的坍塌问题;采用反丝套管的方法,极大地减轻了由于地层缩径、掉块引起的套管下不到位、起拔困难等风险;常规型绳索取心钻杆替代套管方法的采用,提高了含角砾、松散地层的穿过速度,减少了钻探工作量的报废,加快了施工进度;特别是高胎体双水口钻头的使用,提高了钻进效率,节约了钻探施工成本,项目得以如期完成。     

洛宁上宫金矿ZK322000深孔复杂地层护壁技术探讨

洛宁上宫金矿地层复杂,存在多层断裂构造破碎带,地层主要为硅化蚀变碎裂安山岩、碎裂片麻岩类与构造角砾岩,钻进过程中易出现孔壁坍塌、缩径等现象。ZK322000深孔钻探过程中既遇到了覆盖层采空区碎矿渣地层,也遇到了断层带水敏地层与坍塌破碎地层等复杂地层,针对该孔地层特点,通过采空区长套管护壁与水敏地层的抑制性泥浆体系护壁及坍塌地层的高密度泥浆体系护壁,成功解决了孔壁失稳问题,从而保证了钻孔质量。     

钾铵基聚合物泥浆在大同煤田复杂地层钻进中的应用

煤田地质钻探中,白垩系卵石层、多层采空区及泥岩地层是一大钻进难题。一是上部长孔段砂卵层胶结松散,易垮塌;二是下部泥岩水敏性强,膨胀性大,节理裂隙发育,极易产生缩径、造浆及不同程度的渗漏;三是多层采空区的护壁问题。针对这些问题,在大同煤田复杂地层钻进中,经反复实验选用了钾铵基聚合物低固相泥浆。实践证明,采用钾铵基聚合物低固相泥浆,可有效防止孔内坍塌、掉块、缩径,预防孔内事故,提高钻进效率,降低成本,达到了正常的钻进目的。     

套管开窗侧钻技术在汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目中的应用

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程钻遇地层非常复杂,地层破碎、膨胀缩径,坍塌、掉块严重,多次出现卡埋钻等事故,同时复杂地层取心率偏低。WFSD-2孔在取心率很低井段,为补取岩心运用套管开窗侧钻技术;而在WFSD-4孔施工中,套管内出现卡钻事故,为绕障采用套管开窗侧钻技术。介绍了复杂事故井套管开窗侧钻从准备到实施的工艺流程和技术措施。套管开窗侧钻的成功应用为后续工程实施节约了时间和成本,对今后类似作业具有很好的指导和借鉴作用。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔套管护壁技术

护壁技术是解决复杂地层钻探难题的关键技术之一。介绍了一些特殊的套管护壁技术在WFSD-4号孔钻探中的应用情况,包括在小间隙条件下下大直径套管技术、复杂钻孔活动套管护壁取心技术和用于强缩径地层的两阶段下套管固井技术等。     

大河煤田钻孔复杂因素分析及施工技术对策

从地质因素和绳索取心钻进工艺因素两方面分析了大河煤田施工中存在的钻孔漏失、坍塌、缩径、超径等复杂情况,并根据不同地质条件提出了不同的技术措施：对上部胶结性差的松散地层、石灰岩溶涧发育地层、构造破碎地层可采用技术套管护壁隔离;对钻孔不返水等中等漏失地层,可采用锯末加堵漏剂或聚丙烯酰胺等堵漏材料进行堵漏;对钻进关岭组、飞仙关组的泥岩等水敏性地层、构造破碎地层、厚粉煤层等易发生缩径、掉块、坍塌等复杂地层,可采用不同性能及类型的DLSAS泥浆、KHm类和聚丙烯酸盐类（CPAN、PAC141等）聚合物钻井液体系的优质泥浆进行护壁防塌钻进。上述措施的实施,保障了复杂地层的钻进工作,成孔均达到了设计要求。     

PAA泥浆在会泽矿区水平钻孔中的应用

会泽矿区水平钻孔地层复杂,钻孔坍塌、缩径严重,试验采用PAA泥浆,取得较好效果。介绍了PAA泥浆的配方、配制方法和应用效果。     

跟管钻进下套管技术在大洋钻探中的应用

大洋钻探通常采用无隔水管开路钻进,在松散破碎地层常因孔壁失稳导致孔内事故,最理想的护壁方式是下套管将不稳定地层封隔开。传统下套管方法程序复杂,作业时间长,易发生缩径、塌孔,套管不能顺利下入到预定位置,施工风险大、成本高。本文介绍了一种跟管钻进下套管技术,利用套管下扩孔器、井下动力钻具、套管送入工具等配套设备,实现钻进和下套管工序“合二为一”,简化了施工程序,可显著节省施工时间,解决了深海无隔水管钻进复杂地层下套管作业困难、施工风险大、成本高等技术难题,为实现海洋深部钻探取心目标提供了技术支持。     

优质泥浆解决铝土矿地层护孔问题

一九八四年五月后,后槽矿区钻探施工采用聚丙烯酰胺优质泥浆护孔,解决了浮土层厚、钻进垮塌严重,开孔下多层套管、而且比较困难的问题,取得了一定效果,获得了较好的经济效益。 一、地层概况: 后槽矿区施工的地层依次为亚粘土(浮土),含燧石团块灰岩,铝土矿层、含硫铁矿粘土岩、白云岩等。 钻孔浮土风化层较厚,有的达50—60米,胶结性差,遇水膨胀、垮塌、极不稳定。清水钻进经常发生缩径挤钻,砂多埋钻等事故,造成下多层套管都无法施工的问题。实属水敏性地层,给正常施工带来很大困难。     

科学深孔复杂地层钻进技术难题与对策

介绍了在复杂地层科学深钻施工时遇到的困难和问题,主要包括破碎地层钻进问题和强缩径地层钻进问题,讨论了解决这些技术难题时采取的应对技术方案和措施,涉及取心钻进工艺方法和器具、钻机、泥浆体系以及极破碎、强缩径地层的特殊钻进、固井工艺和器具。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of