3维矢量结构GIS拓扑关系研究

３维矢量结构ＧＩＳ拓扑关系研究３ＤＶＥＣＴＯＲＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＧＩＳＴＯＰＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨ李青元（中国测绘科学研究院,北京,１０００３９）该论文的目的是对３维矢量结构ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）的拓扑关系进行研究。...     

全球定位系统（GPS）及其在高等级道路勘测中的应用

全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）及其在高等级道路勘测中的应用ＧＬＯＢＡＬＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭ（ＧＰＳ）ＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＨＩＧＨ－ＧＲＡＤＥＲＯＡＤＲＥＣＯＮＮＡＩＳＳＡＮＣＥＳＵＲＶＥＹ姚连璧（同济大学测量与国土信息工程系,...     

全站仪与计算机数据通讯

本文介绍徕卡（ＬＥＩＣＡ）、日本尼康（ＮＩＫＯＮ）、索佳（ＳＯＫＫＩＡ）、拓普康（ＴＯＰＣＯＮ）、宾得（ＰＥＮＴＡＸ）、瑞典捷创力（ＧＥＯＤＩＭＥＴＥＲ）全站仪与ＰＣ—Ｅ５００袖珍计算机、惠普ＨＰ１００／ＨＰ２００掌上机、ＩＢＭ台式计算机联机使用，介绍了全站仪的数据格式、通讯程序和使用方法。     

空间VLBI较差测量

本文探讨了空间ＶＬＢＩ较差测量的基本原理和数学模型，对类星体和脉冲星的较差测量进行了分析，列出了ＲＡＤＩＯＡＳＴＲＯＮ空间ＶＬＢＩ站可能观测到的脉冲星。     

地图信息识别与提取技术的研究与实践

地图信息识别与提取技术的研究与实践ＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＡＮＤＰＲＡＣＴＩＳＥＯＮＴＨＥＴＥＣＨＮＩＣＯＦＲＥＣＯＧＮＩＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＡＰＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮ郝向阳（郑州测绘学院,郑州,４５００５２）在建立地理信息系统和各种地图...     

应用核驱动BRDF模型与AVHRR数据监测撒哈拉土壤表面动态变化(英文)

将要用来处理来自即将开始运行的ＥＯＳＭＯＤＩＳ和ＭＩＳＲ仪器的ＢＲＤＦ／反照率乘积的反照率反演程序包中的ＢＲＤＦ模型在该文中被用来对来自ＡＶＨＲＲ数据的ＳＡＨＥＬ地区的方向反射数据进行建模。模型被证明能够很好地描述观测到的数据。同时也讨论了核的选择和导出模型的参数所含的信息内容等问题。     

用甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）数据导出的板块运动参数

本文采用最近获得的ＶＬＢＩ基线变化率，解算了全球５０个ＶＬＢＩ站的站速度。通过对ＶＬＢＩ台站构造稳定性的分析，用位于板块稳定地区台站的站速度求解了欧亚（ＥＵＲＡ）、北美（ＮＯＡＭ）和太平洋（ＰＣＦＣ）三个主要板块之间的相对运动欧拉矢量，这是完全基于ＶＬＢＩ数据导出的板块运动模型，称为ＶＰ－ＭＭ１。通过ＶＰＭＭ１与地学板块运动模型的比较，分析了板块运动的稳定性，得出了几点初步结论。     

用航空POLDER测量仪获取的方向性信息增强对北方森林冠层的识别(英文)

ＰＯＬＤＥＲ（地球反射极化和方向）仪器在ＢＯＲＥＡＳ实验中曾搭载ＮＡＳＡ的一架Ｃ１３０飞机飞行。在ＢＯＲＥＡＳ的南部地区，ＰＯＬＤＥＲ获取了各种实验场地上的ＢＲＤＦ测量值。森林覆盖地区的大的热点特征，以及十个地区上的镜面反射分量得到了描述。该文通过ＰＯＬＤＥＲ的测量数据，对向常规的光谱特征中加入通过遥感获得的方向性特征后，对各种森林覆盖的分类和区分能力的提高给出了定量化的解。当将方向信息加入常规光谱信息后，采用无监督分类时，类间耦合矩阵的各项显著减小（减小倍数为２－５倍）。这一事实证明了用遥感方向特征可以增强对ＢＯＲＥＡＬ森林覆盖的区分能力。     

小波理论及其在图形图像处理中的应用

小波理论及其在图形图像处理中的应用ＴＨＥＷＡＶＥＬＥＴＳＴＨＥＯＲＹＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＯＩＭＡＧＥＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧ朱述龙（郑州测绘学院,郑州,４５００５２）本文首先从应用的角度全面、系统地阐述了小波分析的基本理论,并对小波理论...     

全站仪＋OLE自动化实现宗地图内外业一体化技术

由于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤＲ１４支持ＯＬＥＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｏｎ,本文利用ＶＢ５．０和ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ的ＯＬＥ功能,开发从全站仪野外数据采集、与计算机通信、数据处理到宗地图的自动绘制,为宗地图的内外业一体化提供了一种新的作业思路,此方法的运用有利于提高我国目前的整体地籍管理水平。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.