阿尔金山东段阿克塞蛇绿岩地质地球化学特征及形成时代

北阿尔金蛇绿岩带是分布在阿尔金山北缘的一条蛇绿混杂岩带,超基性蛇纹岩岩块、基性岩墙、辉长岩块及基性熔岩组合是该带东段阿克塞蛇绿岩的典型组合形式。地球化学研究结果显示,阿克塞蛇绿岩超基性蛇纹岩以富MgO、贫Al_2O_3、P_2O_5、CaO和K_2O为特征,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线表现较平缓,比值接近于1;基性熔岩类中TiO_2为0.86%～1.80%,Al_2O_3为12.00%～14.85%,CaO介于4.89%～19.23%之间,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分型式表现为右倾;基性岩墙中TiO_2介于1.08%～2.44%之间,Al_2O_3含量为11.07%～13.26%,Na_2O(1.20%～2.28%)K_2O(0.80%～1.38%),稀土元素总量介于48.65×10~(-6)～124.04×10~(-6)之间,平均92.95×10~(-6);轻、重稀土元素比值介于2.22～4.45之间,总体表现为大洋中脊环境,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,阿克塞蛇绿岩形成于514.6±8.8Ma,为寒武纪,表明在早古生代北阿尔金洋已完全打开,并连通了红柳沟—阿克塞。     

准噶尔北部科克森套蛇绿岩中辉长岩年代学、岩石化学特征及地质意义

新疆西准噶尔北部科克森套蛇绿岩由辉长岩、辉橄岩、橄辉岩、辉石岩、蛇纹岩、玄武岩、硅质岩、含放射虫硅质板岩及片岩、片麻岩组成。辉长岩化学特征表现为富Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO,贫K_2O、TiO_2特点,与岛弧玄武岩相似。稀土元素与E-MORB特征基本一致,反映岩浆来源于富集地幔。微量元素具大离子亲石元素Rb,Th,K,Sr相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti相对亏损特征,显示与俯冲带流体交代有关。辉长岩锆石年龄(405±4) Ma,代表洋壳形成年代。在构造环境上,科克森套蛇绿混杂岩显示富集洋脊玄武岩特征,形成于岛弧环境,与岛弧消减带扩张环境相一致,因此,科克森套蛇绿混杂岩应形成于早泥盆世。从时间、空间分布及构造环境上,科克森套蛇绿岩与库尔提蛇绿岩、沙尔布拉克蛇绿岩及布尔根蛇绿岩具相似性,为早泥盆世古亚洲洋在准噶尔北缘向西伯利亚板块俯冲所形成的沟-弧-盆体系下的弧后系统,与相邻哈萨克斯坦斋桑蛇绿岩带、蒙古比基蛇绿岩带共同构成西伯利亚与准噶尔板块间的缝合带。     

洞错盆地蛇绿岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

本文以改则的洞错盆地蛇绿岩为研究对象,开展了洞错盆地蛇绿岩的岩石学、岩相学及地球化学方面的研究工作。结果表明：地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,为烟斗型稀土元素配分型式;形成于熔融程度较高的地幔残余物质,具有Nb、Ta负异常。辉绿岩稀土元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,其稀土元素来自亏损的软流圈地幔;Ta、Ti、Y等高场强元素分布特征与N-MORB相似;辉绿岩既有MORB特征又有IAT特征,在洋内弧后盆地扩张环境中形成。辉长岩稀土配分曲线与N-MORB的类似;微量元素中K、Rb、Ba等富集,Nb、Ta亏损,有岛弧火山岩的特征,与典型的N-MORB特征有区别;既有MORB特征,也显示了俯冲带物质的参与,为消减带上弧后盆地次级扩张产生的新洋壳。因此,洞错蛇绿岩为SSZ型蛇绿岩。     

西藏嘉黎断裂带凯蒙蛇绿岩的年代学、地球化学特征及大地构造意义

凯蒙蛇绿岩主要分布于嘉黎断裂内凯蒙沟两侧的东西向山脊上,沿嘉黎断裂带呈东西向线状分布,组成蛇绿岩的岩石类型主要有纯橄岩、方辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄辉岩、橄长岩和辉长岩等。蛇绿岩具有贫硅、贫碱、低钛,而富铁、镁的特点。稀土总量很低,∑REE值变化于0．415×10~(-6)～3．273×10~(-6)之间,其中方辉橄榄岩和橄长岩的轻稀土略有富集,而单辉橄榄岩和辉长岩的轻稀土略有亏损,所有岩石都具明显的正铕异常。辉长岩的Th-Ta比值大体相等,显示蛇绿岩形成于洋中脊构造环境,而在原始地幔标准化配分曲线上具有明显的Rb、Ba、Sr低度富集和Nb的相对亏损,显示岛弧(IAT)特点,这种兼具IAT和MORB地球化学特点特征预示着凯蒙蛇绿岩形成于不成熟弧后盆地环境。蛇绿岩中橄长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为218．2±4．6Ma,说明在晚三叠世时期洋壳就已出现。凯蒙蛇绿岩的确定表明嘉黎断裂在早期(T_3-J_1)可能是冈底斯构造带上的一条重要缝合带。     

四川石棉蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

四川石棉县石棉蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩和辉长岩组成,玄武岩出露零星。辉长岩中锆石U-P年龄为906±46Ma,表明它是新元古代早期岩浆活动产物。变质橄榄岩具有低的Al_2O_3和CaO含量,高的MgO含量和Mg~#值,与世界上典型蛇绿岩中方辉橄榄岩的值一致。玄武岩具有较高的SiO_2和TiO_2含量,较低的Al_2O_3和K_2O含量;LREE略亏损,基本无Eu异常;在不相容元素方面,玄武岩具有较低的(La/Yb)_N,(La/Sm)_N,Ce/Zr,Th/Y,Th/La和Ti/Y值,较高的La/Nb,Zr/Nb和Y/Nb值,Nb负异常较为明显;玄武岩的主要地球化学特征与MORB相似,但与IAT和OIB区别明显。在构造环境判别图解中,玄武岩均投影于MORB区域。根据上述特征并结合区域地质构造特征,笔者认为,石棉蛇绿岩可能形成于成熟的弧后盆地环境。     

内蒙古温都尔庙地区蛇纹石化橄榄岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

为探讨内蒙古温都尔庙地区蛇纹石化橄榄岩的成因意义,采用X荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对具代表性蛇纹石化橄榄岩进行了全岩的主量、微量和稀土元素分析。结果显示,MgO含量高于原始地幔,易熔组分CaO、Al_2O_3、TiO_2等亏损且与MgO呈负相关关系,表明研究区地幔橄榄岩是一套亏损的原始地幔熔融残留体;稀土元素和微量元素配分型式表现出,LREE轻微富集,部分LILE(如Rb)明显亏损,另有一些HFSE(U、Pb、Hf等)强烈富集,暗示可能既与地幔源区相关也与俯冲消减带流体交代或蛇纹石化作用有关。本区地幔橄榄岩源于尖晶石相地幔源区,根据Melcher建立的部分熔融模型,判断出岩石部分熔融程度为5%~20%,接近深海地幔橄榄岩(10%~22%)。上述这些特征暗示地幔橄榄岩可能经历了洋中脊型(MOR)和俯冲带型(SSZ)两个阶段的构造演化。     

南公珠错地幔橄榄岩:雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个典型的大洋地幔橄榄岩

西藏阿里地区的南公珠错蛇绿岩产在公珠错的南侧,空间上属于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段之南亚带蛇绿岩。该蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩和辉长岩等基性岩类组成。地幔橄榄岩中约80%为方辉橄榄岩,20%为二辉橄榄岩,纯橄岩较少。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩矿物化学特征表现为橄榄石具有较低的Fo(89.3~91.4)值、辉石具有较高的Al_2O_3含量(1.89%~6.06%)、尖晶石具有较低的Cr~#(12.7~28.3)值。与原始地幔相比南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的全岩地球化学特征具有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al_2O_3、CaO和TiO_2等易熔元素含量;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的稀土元素总含量分别介于0.66×10-6~1.10×10-6和0.90×10~(-6)~3.78×10~(-6)之间,明显低于原始地幔值,其稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素轻微富集型;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图中,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩显示出强烈的U正异常、Nd轻微正异常和强不相容元素Zr的负异常;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的铂族元素总量分别介于15.26×10~(-9)~25.23×10~(-9)和18.74×10~(-9)~26.86×10~(-9)之间,二者含量的变化较小,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩PGEs球粒陨石标准化图解显示其为接近于原始地幔的"平坦型"。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的矿物化学和全岩地球化学特征与深海橄榄岩相似,指示它们可能形成于大洋扩张脊环境。定量模拟估算表明,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩可能来源于地幔中的尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩源区,系经历了至多16%部分熔融的残余。LREE的微富集和较高的Pd/Ir、Rh/Ir比值指示它们还经历了岩石-熔体反应作用。初步结论认为南公珠错地幔橄榄岩形成于大洋脊环境,为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区较低程度部分熔融的残余,但经历了后期岩石-熔体反应作用。     

西藏西部普兰蛇绿岩中的MOR型辉长岩:岩石学和年代学

西藏普兰蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,主要由地幔橄榄岩、辉长岩和玄武岩组成.在拉昂错南侧有一个辉长岩体,面积约1 km2,与其相邻的地幔橄榄岩为侵入接触关系.辉长岩为中细粒辉长结构,块状构造,主要矿物为半自形板柱状基性斜长石和他形-半自形粒状辉石.岩石化学成分显示其具有MOR型岩石特点,表现为中等含量的TiO2(1％～1.77％),低含量的K2O(0.08％～0.21％)和P2O5(0.1％);轻稀土元素(LREE)轻微亏损的近平坦型稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模型,(La/Ce)N、(La/Sm)N和(La/Yb)N等特征比值分别为0.73～0.80、0.44～0.58、0.53～0.65;岩石的高场强元素(HFSE)为相互平行的具有接近1的平坦型分配型式.微量元素的N-MORB标准化图解显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)如Rb,高场强元素(HFSE)轻微亏损.辉长岩锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为130±3Ma,指示了普兰蛇绿岩形成的时代,与邻区休古嘎布、东波蛇绿岩的形成时代相一致.     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学及其构造意义

卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带受控于卡拉麦里深大断裂,主要由超镁铁质岩体、镁铁质岩脉和火山熔岩组成.超镁铁质岩体主要由地幔方辉橄榄岩组成,并有纯橄岩和铬铁矿矿石产出.超镁铁质岩石具有低SiO2、高MgO、LREE富集的"V"字形和LREE略富集型稀土元素分布模式,具有SSZ(supra subduction zone)型的地幔橄榄岩特征.玄武岩、堆晶辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩岩脉具有低Al2O3、TiO2、K2O+Na2O含量,且K2O＜Na2O,具相对高的MgO和极低的P2O5含量,具低Ti/V比值(10～20)、低的稀土元素丰度和LREE弱亏损型稀土元素配分模式,显示与洋内板块俯冲作用有关的SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学特征.碱性玄武岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特征,具有高Al2O3、TiO2(2.50%～3.43%,平均3.16%)、K2O+Na2O(7.36%～9.40%)、P2O5(0.509%～1.579%,平均0.80%)和Ti/V(＞50),相对低MgO(1.84%～2.81%,平均2.60%)的特征,富集不相容元素并具高的稀土元素总量和轻稀土元素明显富集的稀土元素配分模式,显示洋岛玄武岩特征,代表了洋盆早期洋内热点作用.卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带反映了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔联合陆块与西伯利亚板块的古洋盆经历了洋内热点作用和大洋板块洋内俯冲消减的演化过程.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段基性岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征：新特提斯洋内俯冲的证据

提要：普兰蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,面积约650 km2,主要由方辉橄榄岩、含单辉方辉橄榄岩和透镜状纯橄岩组成,缺失堆晶岩和枕状熔岩等洋壳端元。方辉橄榄岩中普遍发育辉绿岩和辉石岩脉,地幔橄榄岩上部被块状玄武岩、玄武质火山碎屑岩、粉砂质泥岩、硅质岩和硅质灰岩覆盖。辉绿岩低K、Ti,球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线具有N-MORB特征,富集LILE（K、Sr、Rb）,亏损HFSE（U、Th、Nb）,(143Nd/144Nd)t=0.512904~0.512909,εNd(t)=+8.6~+8.7,(87Sr/86Sr)t=0.704893~0.705310,显示俯冲带弧后盆地环境的特征。对比前人研究,认为雅鲁藏布江缝合带普遍存在洋内俯冲作用,但开始俯冲的时间不同：雅鲁藏布江缝合带中西段开始于早白垩世,而东段开始于中侏罗世。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

藏北羌塘丁固—加措地区康托组的时代

自西藏区域地质调查大队创建康托组以来,康托组岩石地层单位广泛应用于羌塘地区,普遍认为其时代为新近纪.笔者于丁固-加措地区的康托组地层中采获古近纪轮藻化石Obtusocharat sp.,O.lanpingenis,Gyrogona qinajiangica和部分孢粉化石,并在康托组底部安山岩中获K-Ar年龄65.1～66.5Ma.上述轮藻组合与同位素年龄指示的地层时代为古新世-始新世,据此将测区康托组的时代确定为古近纪.由于测区康托组之上被唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组角度不整合覆盖,因此康托组时代的确定不仅进一步完善了测区新生代地层系统,还指示测区在康托组与唢纳湖组或鱼鳞山组之间发生了一次强烈的构造运动.