它激式等离子光谱法测定十五个痕量稀土元素

本文介绍了用萃取色谱(P507) 法预富集,它激式ICP 发射光谱法测定地质样品中15个稀土元素的方法。各稀土元素的检测限为0. 01-1PPm,方法精密度2-5%。实测表明准确度好,分析流程较快,不去溶,一次摄谱可同时测定15个稀土元素,适合于测定多种地质样品中痕量稀土元素。     

论激光荧光法测定水系沉积物中的痕量铀

试样经盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解蒸干后,用50g/LNa2CO3溶液浸取分离,用MUB型激光铀分析仪测定上清液的铀的含量。该方法参加了地球化学考核样品的测试,合格率95%以上。适用于大批量的地质样品中痕量铀的测定。     

萃取分离硫代米氏酮目视比色法快速测定岩石矿物中的金

结合野外现场的条件,经试验提出了用甲基异丁基酮-异戊醇萃取分离,硫代米氏酮目视比色法快速测试地质样品中的金,该方法适宜于矿石中痕量金的测定,方法简便、实用、稳定,结果满意。     

原子吸收光谱分析的应用

一、在地质领域中的应用 20世纪60年代,火焰原子吸收光谱法已应用到各种岩石样品中的钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、铜、锰、锌、钴、镍以及金、银等元素的测定。由于该方法的高特效性和抗干扰性,即使对痕量元素的分析,也无需进行主要成分的分离,因此,很快为地球化学实验室所接受,     

发射光谱法定量测定岩矿、土壤中的Ag,B,Sn

对土壤中的银、硼、锡测定通常用光谱法,以焦硫酸钾、氟化钠、三氧化二铝和碳粉为缓冲剂,改善各元素的蒸发行为,采用较短的摄谱时间,大大降低光谱背景,以锗作为内标元素,实现了试样中银、硼、锡的同时定量测定,方法应用于岩石、土壤等地质样品测试中并取得了满意的结果。     

定影液中银的提取

银是贵金属，具有良好的导电性与延展性，且不易氧化，因此被广泛用于电子、继电器、医疗等领域。同时，银也是首饰加工业的重要原料，因而提高出银的利用率具有重要的意义。地质实验室这几年来随着地质测试样品的大量增加，实验室发射光谱分析测试用过的定影液中含有大量的银。在过去的十几年里，因为地质样品少，用过的定影液就随时丢弃了。     

断续流动氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的痕量锗

采用断续流动进样方式的原子荧光仪测定地质样品中的痕量锗,方法测定检出限为0.07×10-6,测定范围0.2μg/g～100μg/g,相对标准偏差小于7.45%,样品加标回收率为96.7%～105.0%,经标准样品验证,方法准确可靠。     

三苯基膦泡沫塑料富集火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定微量银

试样经王水分解,在5％—15％的王水介质中,用三苯基膦泡沫塑料对微量银进行分离富集。用ρ为20g/l的硫脲溶液解脱被吸附在泡沫塑料上的银。解脱液在原子吸收分光光度计上测定银量。方法的检出限为0.022×10~(-■),特征浓度为0.014μg/ml,可测定地质样品中0.0X×10~(-6)以上的银量。     

微量元素“指纹”研究及在泰山玉鉴定中的应用—以甘肃省武山县鸳鸯玉为例

在开展泰山玉鉴定"指纹"研究中,系统采集了全国蛇纹石玉产地样品,对微量元素进行了测试,发现不同产地样品和泰山玉微量元素之间,有着类似于人类"指纹"的差异,可以用以鉴定泰山玉。该文以甘肃省武山县鸳鸯玉为例,利用中国超镁铁质岩元素平均丰度值,对两个产地样品的微量元素含量值进行标准化并作蛛网图进行对比,认为V,Sc,Sb,Tl,Zn等5个元素在两个产地样品中有着普遍的差异性;可作为鉴定两地玉石的"指纹"依据。其他产地蛇纹石玉和泰山玉之间,也因产出地质环境的差异,可用微量元素"指纹"与泰山玉进行区别。     

发射光谱法测定地质样品中8个微量元素

地质样品中Ag、Pb、Mo、Co、Sn、Mn、Ni、Cr 8个微量元素 ,有易、中、难挥发元素。本文采用饱和氯化钾溶液作载体 ,垂直电极发射光谱法 ,同时测定上述 8个元素 ,具方法简便、快速、灵敏、经济等优点。     

磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析方法研究

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术在矿物微量元素分析方面具有原位、高分辨率和高灵敏度等优势，近年来磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素研究进展迅速，并在地质领域得到了广泛应用。利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193 nm激光，建立了LA-ICP-MS测定磁铁矿原位微量元素组成的分析方法。以美国地质调查局(USGS)玻璃标样BIR-1G、BHVO-2G、BCR-2G和GSE-1G为校正标准，采用无内标-多外标法对磁铁矿中微量元素进行了定量计算，并测定了NIST612和自然岩浆磁铁矿BC28的微量元素组成，以评估本实验室建立方法的可靠性。结果表明，NIST612所有微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD, N=30)变化于1.31%~6.33%之间，多数元素的测定结果与推荐值及前人LA-ICP-MS方法测定值的相对误差小于10%；BC28大部分微量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD, N=30)小于10%，其中11个重要微量元素与前人LA-ICP-MS测定值的相对误差基本小于10%。以上结果表明本实验室建立的方法可以实现对磁铁矿原位微区微量元素的分析测定，分析数据结果准确可靠，具有良好的应用前景。      

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定小麦中的微量元素

小麦是中国北方人的主要粮食作物,小麦中含有大量的对人体有益的微量元素,查明这些微量元素的含量对于人体健康具有非常重要的意义。电感耦合等离子体(ICP)测试微量元素具有灵敏度高的特点。该文利用ICP的特点,将小麦硝化分解后,测试小麦中的微量元素,使用美国生产Optima 2100 DV型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,对小麦中人体有益的微量元素硼、铁、钙、镁及重金属污染指标铜、铅、锌进行测试,该方法具有样品的加标回收率和RSD较好,分析速度快、分析结果准确可靠的特点。     

菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿化学成分标准物质研制

当前我国尚无菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、高品位碲金矿化学成分标准物质,国外相应标准样品存在定值元素少,且主成分含量不成系列,不能满足地质行业对菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿标准物质的迫切需求。该文研制了菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿化学成分标准物质共12个,将采自典型矿区的样品按照常规球磨方式粉碎混匀,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行均匀性和稳定性检验,选择11家有资质的实验室,采取经典分析方法与现代仪器分析方法相结合的方式,选用2种以上不同原理的准确度高的可靠方法对该标准物质联合定值,依照JJF 1343—2012和一级标准物质技术规范,12个化学成分标准物质给出了30项主、微量元素的认定值和不确定度。其中,菱镁矿Mg O的含量范围为43.64%~81.26%,蛇纹岩Mg O的含量范围为23.73%~43.09%,高品位碲金矿Au的含量范围为19.6×10~(-6)~32.1×10~(-6)、Te的含量范围为51×10~(-6)~83×10~(-6),基本涵盖我国菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、高品位碲金矿的矿物类型,能够满足菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿勘查、评价和开发的需求。     

东昆仑区域构造的发展演化

本文主要依据东昆仑地区的超镁铁岩,玄武岩和花岗岩类岩石的岩石化学、稀土元素、痕量元素及同位素测年等测试成果,结合孢粉及生物化石特征,并综合有关地质构造与地球物理资料,认为至少在中元古代昆仑洋壳即已形成,并在此基础上探讨了东昆仑区域构造的发展演化特征。     

The contribution of trace elements from seawater to chimneys： a case study of the native sulfur chimneys in the sea area off Kueishantao, northeast of Taiwan Island

Hydrothermal fluid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid from deep reservoir. However, because of seawater’s little contribution to the forming of chimneys, it is usually covered by the abundant matter which is taken by hydrothermal fluid. Therefore, chimneys formed in ordinary deep seawater hydrothermal activity, containing complex elements, cannot ...     

泡沫吸附等离子体光谱法测定常量金探讨

利用泡沫塑料对地质样品中微量金进行富集,已经是非常成熟的富集方法。常量金经过泡沫塑料吸附后,用硫脲脱附原子吸收测定也是近几年许多实验室常用的方法。而用等离子体光谱仪测定常量金鲜有报道,该方法简单、快捷,通过对国家一级标样的分析试验,对于金含量为0.05~50.00g/t的样品能够满足要求。     

Geochemical analysis of marine sediments using fused glass disc by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

A method was developed for content determination of Na, Mg, A1, Si, P,S, C1, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Ba, La and Ce etc. covering 26 major, minor, and trace elements in marine sediment samples using fused glass disc by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Calibration was made using marine sediment certified reference materials and the synthetic standard samples prepared by mixing several marine sediments with stream sediment and carbonate standard samples in different proportions. The matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficients, experience coefficients and the scattered radiation as the internal standard （for the trace elements）. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials GBW07314, GBW07334 and GSMS6. The results are in good agreement with the certified values of the standards with RSD less than 2.60%, except for Y, Cr, Ga, Ce, La, Nb, Rb, and V with RSD less than 9.0% （n=12）.     

Geochemical features of sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field at the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 15°S

In this study, geochemical compositions of elements in sulfide samples collected from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near the 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) were analyzed by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to examine the enrichment regulations of ore-forming elements and hydrothermal mineralization. These sulfide precipitates can be classified macroscopically into three types: Fe-rich sulfide, Fe-Cu-rich sulfide and Fe-Zn-rich sulfide, and are characterized by the enrichment of base metal elements along with a sequence of Fe>Zn>Cu. Compared with sulfides from other hydrothermal fields on MAR, Zn concentrations of sulfides in the research area are significantly high, while Cu concentrations are relatively low. For all major, trace or rare-earth elements (REE), their concentrations and related characteristic parameters exhibit significant variations (up to one or two orders of magnitude), which indicates the sulfides from different hydrothermal vents or even a same station were formed at different stages of hydrothermal mineralization, and suggests the variations of chemical compositions of the hydrothermal fluid with respect to time. The hydrothermal temperatures of sulfides precipitation decreased gradually from station TVG10 (st.TVG10) to st.TVG12, and to st.TVG11, indicating that the precipitation of hydrothermal sulfides is subjected to conditions changed from high temperature to low temperature, and that the hydrothermal activity of study area was at the late stage of a general trend of evolution from strong to weak. The abnormally low concentrations of REE in sulfides and their similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns show that REEs in all sulfides were derived from a same source, but underwent different processes of migration or enrichment, or sulfides were formed at different stages of hydrothermal mineralization. The sulfides collected from the active hydrothermal vent were mainly attributed to precipitating directly from the hydrothermal fluid, while those collected from the extinct hydrothermal chimney might have already been altered by the seawater. Generally, ore-forming elements in the sulfides can be divided into three groups: Fe-based element group, Cu-based element group and Zn-based element group. The first group includes Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Sn, Rb and bio-enriching elements, such as P and Si, reflecting the similar characteristics to Fe in the study area. And the second group contains Cu, W, Co, Se, Te and Bi, suggesting the similar behavior with Cu. Moreover, the third group includes Zn, Hf, Hg, Cd, Ta, Ga, Pb, As, Ag, Ni and Sb, which indicates the geochemical characteristics of most dispersed trace elements controlled by Zn-bearing minerals to some extent.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中稀土元素

采用酸溶-敞开溶矿技术,等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中的稀土元素。该方法选用高氯酸和硫酸,试验发现,硫酸的溶矿效果明显优于高氯酸,且硫酸的存在有利于消除Ba对稀土元素的质谱影响。用该方法对地质样品三类国家一级标样(GBW07401、GBW07103、GBW07309)进行验证,准确率达95%～105%,结果令人满意。     

微量元素在浙江柚产地的应用研究

作者在柚产地的农业科技人员的协助下．通过对柚类产量、品质与地质背景的相关性研究，经产地基岩、土壤与果树化学特征相关关系的调查与分析对比，发现各产地土壤成分所含元素丰度不一致。指出玉环地区微量元素含量较丰富，基本上满足柚生长的的需要；苍南地区MO、B元素含量较少；常山地区Zn、B元素含量少。为促进柚类产品产量，品质改善，应针对各产地欠缺元素的含量，专门配制除N、P、K含量较高肥料外，还需添加欠缺元素含量的复合肥。