从He同位素组成探讨塔里木盆地与东部诸含油气盆地天然气的成气机制

通过天然气中He同位素组成来研究天然气的成气机制。用VG-5400静态真空质谱计测定了采自塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气的He同位素,其He/4He=2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8,R/Ra=0.019～0.059Ra,平3均值为0.031Ra,而我国东部几个主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30Ra。He同位素组成对比研究表明,东部含油气盆地成烃作用是在幔源热流驱动下热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的,而塔里木盆地成烃热源则主要是盆地地热增温热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的。     

中国东部典型裂谷盆地构造活动特征及演化: 以松辽盆地孤店断陷为例

孤店断陷为松辽盆地南部深层天然气勘探的有利区带,同时也记录了中国东部中-新生代板块运动和盆地演化的丰富信息。利用钻测井资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,并结合区域构造背景,对孤店断陷的地质结构及构造演化特征进行分析。结果表明孤店断陷在纵向上可以划分为基底构造层、下构造层、中构造层及上构造层。由于受到晚中生代以来太平洋板块向东亚板块的俯冲作用及区域构造应力场的影响,孤店断陷的构造演化过程可以划分为断陷期、断坳转换期、稳定坳陷期及构造反转期。孤店断陷的边界大断层(孤店断层)在断陷初始发育期(火石岭组-沙河子沉积期)表现为6段走向各不相同的小型孤立断层,在断陷晚期(营城组沉积期)经过生长、连接而形成统一的断陷边界,并在断坳转换期(登娄库组-泉头组沉积期)和坳陷期(青山口组-嫩江组沉积期)发生广泛而强烈的张扭活动,以及在构造反转期(嫩江组沉积末期)发生强烈反转和分段差异逆冲活动。研究结果可以为松辽盆地以及中国东部地区的构造活动及演化研究提供参考,并进一步指导油气勘探。      

Tectonic Characteristics and Evolution of Bohai Bay Basin, China

Synthetical analyzing the deep geophysical data within Bohai bay basin the authors detect the deep crustal structure presenting high geothermal flux, thinned crust and arched Moho discontinuity, and the basin basement belongs to rigid continental crust. The development of the basin was controlled by two - dimensional faults in NNE and NWW directions. The tectonic units of the basin can be subdivided into three structural divisions: the east, middle and west division. The basin is considered as a continental rift. The tectonic background and regional right - lateral stress field during the late Cretaceous and Paleogene were a compound result of the Kula Plate W - directional subducting under Eurasia Continental Plate in 80 ～ 74Ma and the Philippine sea Plate W -directional subducting under the Eurasia Continental Plate since 60Ma, the long-rang effect of the India Continental Plate wedging into the Eurasia Continental Plate and of the Siberia Plate SE - directional relatively moving.     

Using satellite magnetic data to divide geological tectonic units of South China Sea

The South China Sea locates at the convergence center of the Eurasian Plate,the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australia plate. The Cenozoic seafloor spreading in the South China Sea Basin is an important part of the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea that records information of the continental margin tectonic history and its impact on regional geologic evolution. Magnetic data contains abundant geological structure information from the surface to deep. This paper reports magnetic data of the South China Sea. Through the conventional processing of these magnetic data,we report general results on the regional magnetic anomalies,such as the upward continuation graph,the polar magnetic anomaly map and the magnetic anomaly partition map. The magnetic anomaly field in the South China Sea is divided into eight areas,of which the characteristics are explained,and the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea is preliminarily discussed.     

渤海湾盆地中新生代扭动构造及其对油气的控制作用

渤海湾盆地在演化过程中经受了前期压扭和后期张扭构造应力场的作用,在边界断裂走滑作用及盆地基底块体转动的影响下形成了众多的扭动构造。对油气的形成、运移、聚集起着控制作用。其原因是渤海湾盆地正好处在全球走滑带的重要部位。中新生代的活动是全球走滑带构造活动的一部分。     

大气振荡与副高活动及四川盆地旱涝的关系

本文分析了1982年5～9月热带西太平洋地区,尤其是我国南海、菲律宾和印度尼西亚上空30～50天大气振荡与太平洋副高活动及四川盆地夏季旱涝的关系。结果表明:热带西太平洋上空大气低频振荡对太平洋副高有明显影响;四川盆地东、西部夏季降水30～50天振荡呈反位相变化;东(西)部降水低频振荡与热带西太平洋上空大气低频振荡呈反(同)位相关系。热带西太平洋上空大气低频振荡,通过引起太平洋副高中心、西伸脊点东西变动影响盆地夏季旱涝异常。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷西北缘中始新世构造变革厘定及成因探讨

通过西湖凹陷西北缘断裂体系、构造格局、火成岩演变等构造条件综合分析，首次明确了区内中始新世存在构造变革。研究结果表明，构造变革在平湖组底界形成了显著的不整合，主要表现为削平、削超，愈向西邻近长江坳陷不整合愈发显著；构造变革前后西湖凹陷格局发生了显著变化，在杭州斜坡带主要表现为大断裂走向由早期差异到后期逐步趋同，最终导致早期分隔、多沉积中心在后期连片统一。认为中始新世这期构造变革作用的发生与周缘板块俯冲调整有关，构造变革期在时间上与西部印度板块俯冲引发高原隆升和东部太平洋板块俯冲转向、后撤作用相同步，是在西部挤压作用逐步增强背景下，盆地由整体拉张背景到西压、东张的差异化发育转变作用的主要响应。在西湖凹陷内这种构造变革作用具有广泛性，在平湖组与下伏宝石组地层的烃源岩特征上形成差异，对油气资源差异富集的贡献需要做更深入的研究。      

渤海海域东部不同富油凹陷烃源岩生烃特征差异及意义

渤海海域东部发育多个富油凹陷,具有较大的生烃潜力,由于各凹陷形成和发育过程不同,导致不同凹陷、不同层段烃源岩热演化和生、排烃特征具有明显差异。通过对渤海海域东部3个富油凹陷多套烃源岩进行埋藏史、热史和生、排烃史研究,厘定了渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷烃源岩生、排烃时间以及演化特征。结果表明:①渤海海域东部地区不同构造单元烃源岩热演化程度具有"西高东低"的趋势,渤中凹陷最早生烃时间为31.5 Ma,渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷最早生烃时间分别为28.2,11.2 Ma,渤中凹陷最早排烃时间为27.8 Ma,而渤东凹陷和庙西凹陷最早排烃时间分别为20.9,6.7 Ma;②渤中凹陷烃源岩热演化程度较高,现今主要为储层提供天然气,为环渤中凹陷地区形成天然气藏和凝析气藏提供了气源;渤东凹陷、庙西凹陷热演化程度依次降低,为储层提供大量油源,盆地边缘地区主要以油藏为主。      

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Modern movement and deformation in the South China Sea shown by GPS measurements and numerical simulation

To better understand the crustal deformation of the South China Sea Basin, we produce a mechanically consistent 2-dimensional model for observing regional velocity field in the South China Sea (SCS). We studied the dominating regional tectonic stress field by geodetic measurements and finite element analysis, the spatial variations of velocity field and strain field, and relative movements among different blocks, using a 2-dimensional model describing crustal deformation of the South China Sea Basin. Strain results show that the SCS is extending at present. The western part of SCS is opening gradually in NWSE direction from its northern margin to the south, but the eastern part of SCS is opening gradually from its central part to the north and south. In addition, we analyzed the plate kinematics to the deformation of the SCS, using a two-dimensional finite element model. Our simulations results are well explained by available geodetic data. The movement of SCS is resulted from interactions among Indian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate, and Eurasian Plate.     

Motive force of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau moving to east

A calculation formula on spherical pattern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau moving model is established. Tibet massif moves norward by east in speed of 28 mm/a, Ganshu-Qinghai massif moves to northeast in speed of 15 mm/a, Qomolangma Feng moves northward by a few east in speed of 35 ～42 mm/a. The low latitude perimeter is longer than the nigh latitude perimeter. When the Tibet massif moves northward, its latitude perimeter must be contracted and the Tibet massif must move eastward by Coriolis. Coriolis force is inertial in earth rotation. It makes the fall body turning to east and the rising block turning westward. In the Northern Hemisphere, it makes the northward body turning to east and the southward block turning to west.This is the reason why the tectonic zones of western Pacific are different from those of eastern Pacific.     

Motive force of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau moving to east

A calculation formula on spherical pattern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau moving model is established, Tibet massif moves norward by east in speed of 28 mm/a, Ganshu-Qinghai massif moves to northeast in speed of 15 mm/a, Qomolangma Feng moves northward by a few east in speed of 35 -42 mm/a. The low latitude perimeter is longer than the high latitude perimeter. When the Tibet massif moves northward, its latitude perimeter must be contracted and the Tibet massif must move eastward by Coriolis. Coriolis force is inertial in earth rotation. It makes the fall body turning to east and the rising block turning westward. In the Northern Hemisphere, it makes the northward body turning to east and the southward block turning to west. This is the reason why the tectonic zones of western Pacific are different from those of eastern Pacific.     

Motive force of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau moving to east

A calculation formula on spherical pattern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau moving model is established. Tibet massif moves norward by east in speed of 28 mm/a, Ganshu-Qinghai massif moves to northeast in speed of 15 mm/a, Qomolangma Feng moves northward by a few east in speed of 35 -42 mm/a. The low latitude perimeter is longer than the high latitude perimeter. When the Tibet massif moves northward, its latitude perimeter must be contracted and the Tibet massif must move eastward by Cofiolis. Cofiolis force is inertial in earth rotation. It makes the fall body turning to east and the rising block turning westward. In the Northern Hemisphere, it makes the northward body turning to east and the southward block turning to west. This is the reason why the tectonic zones of western Pacific are different from those of eastern Pacific.     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Petroleum geological framework and hydrocarbon potential in the Yellow Sea

Sedimentary basins in the Yellow Sea can be grouped tectonically into the North Yellow Sea Basin (NYSB), the northern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSNB) and the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSSB). The NYSB is connected to Anju Basin to the east. The SYSSB extends to Subei Basin to the west. The acoustic basement of basins in the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea is disparate, having different stratigraphic evolution and oil accumulation features, even though they have been under the same stress regime since the Late Triassic. The acoustic basement of the NYSB features China-Korea Platform crystalline rocks, whereas those in the SYSNB and SYSSB are of the Paleozoic Yangtze Platform sedimentary layers or metamorphic rocks. Since the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the eastern of the NYSB (West Korea Bay Basin) were discovered having industrial hydrocarbon accumulation, the oil potential in the Mesozoic strata in the west depression of the basin could be promising, although the petroleum exploration in the South Yellow Sea has made no break-through yet. New deep reflection data and several drilling wells have indicated the source rock of the Mesozoic in the basins of South Yellow Sea, and the Paleozoic platform marine facies in the SYSSB and Central Rise could be the other hosts of oil or natural gas. The Mesozoic hydrocarbon could be found in the Mesozoic of the foredeep basin in the SYSNB that bears potential hydrocarbon in thick Cretaceous strata, and so does the SYSSB where the same petroleum system exists to that of oil-bearing Subei Basin.     

渤海湾周缘主要河流钾长石物源示踪指标研究

渤海湾盆地碎屑物质的物源示踪研究,对于渤海湾盆地的自身演化,周缘造山带隆升和剥蚀过程,以及中国东部陆架海的物质扩散研究均具有重要意义,受到国内外学者的广泛关注,同时也存在诸多争议。钾长石是地壳中最主要的造岩矿物之一,在河流沉积物中广泛出现,在进行物源示踪研究时具有代表性。基于此,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对渤海湾盆地主要注入河流的碎屑钾长石进行了原位地球化学特征分析,结果表明,黄河干流碎屑钾长石的常量元素Na₂O、Al₂O₃、SiO₂、K₂O的标准偏差与滹沱河、滦河、辽河和漳河4条河流存在差异。在钾长石常量元素Al₂O₃质量分数与Na₂O和K₂O质量分数二维散点图中,部分黄河样品的Al₂O₃值较之整体部分（其他4条河流和黄河样品）偏低;微量元素中Ba、Pb、Sr、Rb和Ca的质量分数占主体部分,尤其Ba、Pb、Sr、Rb的含量较高。在Ba和Sr以及Ba和Pb质量分数二维散点图中,黄河与其他4条河流明显不同。该研究结果表明,钾长石的Ba和Sr含量变化可以成为环渤海湾盆地沉积物中黄河物源示踪的特征指标。      

渤海湾盆地济阳拗陷沙三段页岩气地质条件分析

沙河街组三段的湖相富有机质泥页岩是济阳拗陷常规油气的主力烃源岩,也是该拗陷页岩气勘探的重点研究层系.分析沙三段暗色泥页岩的地球化学指标、页岩储层特征、含气性等,探讨济阳拗陷沙河街组湖相泥页岩形成页岩气的地质条件.结果表明:沙河街组湖相泥页岩沉积厚度大,平均大于200m;有机碳含量高,干酪根类型好,以Ⅰ型为主,Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2为辅;成熟度以成熟—高熟为主,与美国产气页岩和中国南方上扬子地区海相富有机质页岩地球化学特征具有可比性.湖相泥页岩脆性矿物质量分数高,石英与碳酸盐岩所占比例大,黏土矿物质量分数为10%～30%,页岩储层裂缝类型多样.由于砂泥岩互层频繁,粉砂或砂质夹层孔隙可以有效改善页岩储层储集性能,为页岩气提供有效的储集空间.泥页岩层段气测显示异常,指示其良好的含气性.沙三段富有机质泥页岩是济阳拗陷页岩气勘探的优选层系,具有良好的页岩气勘探潜力.     

海南及邻区现今地壳三维运动特征及地球动力学环境分析

利用海南及邻区1999年以来GNSS资料及1970年以来水准数据获取三维运动速度场，分析地壳运动特征，结合东南亚水平运动背景场分析周缘板块对海南地块及华南地块陆缘速度场的影响。结果表明，海南岛三维运动以白沙断裂为界，岛北部以海口-屯昌为界。华南地块各观测点E向运动速率自西向东逐渐减小，至陆缘区域速率最小，各观测站间运动速率差异性小；S向运动速率自西向东逐渐增大；位于23°～26°N区域观测点的速度场与其南北两侧存在差异。华南地块运动受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞和挤压影响，陆缘地带还受太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块活动及南海扩张运动影响，澳大利亚板块对区域运动影响较小。     

海南岛北部晚中-新生代剥露过程的低温年代学约束

【目的】研究海南岛大地构造在中-新生代的隆升剥露过程与热演化史,为华南地块的构造演化提供有力证据。【方法】利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)、磷灰石及锆石(U-Th)/He等构造热年代学研究方法,重建海南岛北部岩体的构造-热演化历史,分析侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的冷却剥蚀速率,并进一步探讨岩体隆升过程的动力学过程。【结果】AFT年龄介于(33.3±2.5)~(45.0±3.5)Ma之间,磷灰石平均长度为(12.68±0.28)~(13.04±0.9)μm;磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)单颗粒年龄(36.3±2.2)~(60.2±3.7)Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe)单颗粒年龄为(79.5±4.9)~(98.4±6.1)Ma及(37.1±2.3)~(59.6±3.7)Ma。联合反演热史揭示,研究区岩体自晚白垩世(约100 Ma)以来的冷却过程有明显的差异性,可分为4个阶段:1)约100~45 Ma相对缓慢冷却阶段;2)约45~35 Ma快速冷却剥蚀阶段;3)约30~35 Ma至10 Ma缓慢冷却过程;4)约10 Ma以来再次快速冷却剥露。【结论】海南岛北部花岗岩体阶段性抬升冷却与(古)太平洋板块的俯冲后撤、西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和中新世晚期菲律宾海板块向西俯冲挤压有关。海南岛北部在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(始新世晚期)剥蚀阶段基本造成总剥蚀量的2/3。     

琼东南盆地北部中生代凹陷特征及油气成藏条件初探

琼东南盆地的中生代凹陷群是扩大油气勘探发现的远景区。为了实现琼东南盆地中生界的勘探突破,急需落实中生代凹陷的油气成藏条件和有利勘探领域。基于地球物理、地球化学、钻井资料及古生物资料,首次对琼东南盆地中生代凹陷开展了深入系统的分析研究。研究表明,在琼东南盆地北部崖北凹陷、崖城凸起、崖南低凸起和西南部陵南低凸起及南部隆起均存在中生代沉积地层。根据盆地构造演化分析,中生代沉积形成于燕山期太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲期以及其后的弧后伸展期,存在烃源岩、储层及圈闭等油气地质基本条件。琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区相比盆地其他地区中生代沉积凹陷规模大,因此本研究重点对琼东南盆地北部坳陷带崖城-崖北地区进行了系统的油气地质综合分析研究,落实了崖城-崖北地区中生界沉积地层分布,并初步评价预测了有利油气勘探区带及重点目标。研究表明,琼东南盆地崖城-崖北地区中生代凹陷发育湖相烃源岩、三角洲等储集体以及构造与地层圈闭,存在西洼南坡带和中部隆起带2个有利油气勘探区带。在这些区带加大勘探,有望获得中生界油气突破。