秦岭-大别造山带北缘新生代的构造特征及动力学探讨

秦岭-大别造山带北缘新生代的推覆构造带位于宜阳、鲁山、确山、六安一线,由SW→NE依次逆冲叠置.滑脱面主要发育在上古生界软弱岩层或差异岩性的接触面上.在推覆构造的南侧,发育有东西向串珠状分布的变质核杂岩、NE向延伸的垒-堑构造组合、北宽南窄的楔形新生代盆地和正断层等.地球物理资料表明,宜阳、鲁山、确山、六安一线为向南倾斜的地球物理异常带.北部的华北地壳与南部的秦岭-大别地壳在视电阻率、地震反射波组、地震波速、流变学分层、地壳类型和岩石圈结构等方面,均有明显的差别.秦岭-大别造山带北缘新生代不同性质、有规律展布的构造,是中生代末期以来,华北板块相对于秦岭-大别造山带作巨型陆内俯冲的结果.     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

大别造山带地壳泊松比结构与超高压变质带—来自宽角反射与近垂直反射剖面的启示

综合宽角反射、近垂直反射的探测结果和有关地质资料，对大别造山带地壳结构和超高压变质带研究显示：大别造山带地壳具有层块结构特征。沿安义－庄墓剖面，上地壳有7个弹性块体，中地壳有5个，下地壳有4个。扬子与华北地块的主缝合带是超高压变质带，扬子地块与大别造山带的现今分界线是与郯庐断裂相交的太湖－马庙断裂，磨子潭－晓天断裂是大别造山带的北界，北淮阳构造带呈楔状向下插入，它与华北地块的分界是肥中断裂。郯庐断裂在中、上地壳近于直立，下地壳向西倾斜。超高压变质带的厚度为5－7km，产状向北插入到北大别块体之下，折返过程是构造就位，不是大别山的均匀抬升，折返的主运动面是水吼－五河高温剪切带。     

东秦岭造山带多重滑脱推覆与A型俯冲模式

华北板块与扬子板块经海西－印支期Ｂ型俯冲与碰撞敛合形成东秦岭复合山链后，构造变动并未结束，随之发生的是Ａ型俯冲和巨型滑脱推覆。文章依据地表地质及更能清楚地反映地壳结构的二维速度资料，对东秦岭造山带的滑脱－推覆构造进行了再次研究，并建立了该区的Ａ型俯冲模式。认为东秦岭地区存在着六重拆离滑脱与数个大型推覆构造和两条巨型Ａ型俯冲带，其Ａ型俯冲模式表现为奇特的“双楔剖竹“。     

秦岭造山带地壳构造与楔入成山

横穿秦岭的河南叶县至湖北南漳的反射地震剖面揭示，秦岭造山带地壳由一系列由南向北楔入到中地壳的鳄鱼式构造所组成。南北溱岭上地壳分别形成南秦岭和北秦岭推覆系。北秦岭推覆系是组成基底的地壳沿脆转换面拆离冲叠形成的一个推覆系，可以分出栾川推覆体，瓦穴子推覆体，二郎坪推覆体及朱夏推覆体。     

东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘晚白垩世以来构造演化的石英ESR年代学研究

运用α石英热活化ESR定年法对东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘58件样品进行了研究。结果显示,东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘ESR年龄范围主要集中在晚白垩世以来(99.2～3.4 Ma)。结合区域地质事实分析,晚白垩世以来,东秦岭—大别造山带南缘的构造演化可划分为73.1～52.3 Ma伸展断陷期、39.1～27.2 Ma伸展-挤压的转换期和22.8～3.4 Ma挤压期;东秦岭—大别造山带北缘的构造演化可划分为89～70.1 Ma挤压隆升期、61.6～43.2 Ma伸展断陷期、37.2～22.6 Ma伸展-挤压的转换期和15.6～3.9 Ma挤压期。东秦岭—大别造山带南缘和北缘新生代构造演化特征基本相同,但是受多种因素控制,东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘晚白垩世的构造演化存在较大差异。ESR测年结果与东秦岭—大别造山带南、北缘已有的地质事实相吻合,验证了ESR测年的可靠性。     

豫西宜阳南部地区中新生代地质构造特征分析及其演化过程

东秦岭-大别造山带是由中国华北、扬子两大板块俯冲碰撞而形成,其北缘的逆冲推覆构造带一直是国内外学者研究热点之一。豫西宜阳南部地区地处华北板块南缘,特殊的区域大地构造位置造成该地区经历了多期次构造运动,地质演化特征的双重性和构造的多期次性决定了豫西宜阳南部地区基础地质研究的必要性。通过野外地表地质调查和构造解析等方法,详细描述和分析了研究区构造的几何学特征,在此基础上恢复了其运动演化过程。研究结果表明:(1)豫西宜阳南部地区以褶皱、逆冲推覆构造为主。主要发育了李沟向斜、祖师庙-水河沟断层、陈宅-吕沟逆冲断层和兰家门逆冲断层。(2)中生代陆内构造演化分为以下4个阶段:印支期-早燕山期,华北板块和扬子板块的NS向碰撞挤压,发育了李沟向斜;中-晚燕山期,李沟向斜核部逐步发生伸展变形,发育了NW向正断层;燕山末期,随着北秦岭反向逆冲推覆带北向扩展,NW向陈宅-吕沟逆冲断层和兰家门逆冲断层依次发育,呈前展式叠瓦扇式逆冲;喜马拉雅期,以伸展走滑为主,发育了NNE向正断层。该研究能为秦岭-大别造山带对华北南缘的构造发育及演化过程的影响提供依据。     

南华北盆地与东秦岭—大别造山带的耦合关系

南华北盆地包括周口坳陷和合肥坳陷 ,是横跨在华北地块南部和华北地块南缘构造带之上的具有挤压和伸展双重性质的叠合盆地。受东秦岭—大别造山带的影响 ,它在中生代表现为东秦岭—大别山北麓冲断带前沿的前陆盆地 ,到新生代转化为断陷盆地。区域上 ,南华北盆地和东秦岭—大别造山带跨越四大构造单元 ,由南向北依次为扬子板块、南秦岭—大别 (包括南大别碰撞杂岩带和北大别弧杂岩带 )构造带、北秦岭—北淮阳构造带、华北地块南缘构造带和华北板块。其间分布着 5条主要断裂 ,即襄樊—广济断裂、桐柏—磨子潭断裂、方城—舒城断裂、确山—合肥…     

大别山造山带北缘构造变形及其演化

大别山造山带北缘构造变形及其演化刘文灿，谭应佳，王果胜，马文璞（中国地质大学，北京，１０００８３）大别山造山带为秦岭造山带的东延，它处于华北板块和扬子板块之间，是两者对接碰撞的产物。大别山北缘的北淮阳构造带为该造山带的重要组成部分，其构造变形的演化在...     

大别造山带中上地壳变形特征——皖中张八岭地区印支—燕山早期构造变形研究

张八岭构造带是大别造山带的一部分,是造山带中上地壳出露地区。通过运用构造-地层学的理论和方法,以及对张八岭地区1：5万地质填图资料的分析和典型地区的构造解剖,认为：区内张八岭(岩)群与南华系—震旦系及其以上地层之间不存在强烈的构造运动界面,其作为大别造山带的组成部分发生了强烈的变形作用;印支—燕山早期区内主要存在3期构造变形：早期为一系列呈NXVW、近EW向的紧闭同斜褶皱,中期以韧性剪切带发育为特征,晚期以NW向SE的逆冲推覆作用伴生NNE向为主的宽缓褶皱。三期变形相互叠加,形成区内基本构造格架。伴随着扬子地块向华北地块的俯冲与碰撞,中上部地壳发生褶皱、逆冲推覆(前缘滑覆)作用等,三期变形为一递进变形过程。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.