松辽盆地西部斜坡构造-流体演化特征与铀聚集

构造与流体演化对砂岩型铀矿成矿有协同控矿作用的关系。以松辽盆地西部斜坡地层及构造演化为背景,对比分析测井等资料,通过野外地质、放射性地球物理、水文地质等调查及测量工作,应用砂岩型铀矿成矿理论分析认为:松辽盆地构造活动对西部斜坡构造演化、地下水运移及断裂的分布情况产生影响,控制铀聚集。斜坡西缘为层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿有利区,目的层为第三系地层;而斜坡中段则有利于古河道砂岩型铀矿成矿,四方台组为主要含矿层位。该区域铀矿化受深部断裂控制明显。对西部斜坡中段的后期铀矿勘查可借鉴二连盆地巴彦乌拉古河道砂岩型铀矿床成矿模式与勘探历程。     

重力场特征与砂岩型铀矿的关系及地质意义

重力场变化特征能够较好地反映地下地质体信息,砂岩型铀矿分布特征与重力场具有一定联系。我国砂岩型铀矿主要分布在我国布格重力异常场中-西北部区,且砂岩型铀矿床大多位于重力场由高向低变化的梯度带上,但靠近重力场高值区。结合砂岩型铀矿成矿机理,分析中-西北部区主要含铀盆地构造演化、地层结构等特征,认为位于中-西北部区的含铀盆地所经历的“次造山运动”及其后期相对稳定的构造环境有利于砂岩型铀矿成矿。斜坡的适度抬升有利于富铀岩体风化剥蚀,含铀含氧流体运移、断裂等因素控制砂岩型铀矿成矿,斜坡处地形改变形成重力场变化梯度带,地下断裂、岩石组分变化使重力等值线产生同形扭曲或错断现象。因此,重力场变化特征对划定砂岩型铀矿勘探靶区具有一定的借鉴作用,并以松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿床为例,探讨其成矿条件与重力场变化特征的关系,体现其实际应用性。     

广西铀矿资源特征与找矿潜力分析

广西是中国最早发现铀矿物的地区,铀矿资源丰富,种类齐全,探明的铀矿资源储量位居全国前列。文章通过对广西花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型、火山岩型及其他类型铀矿床特征及典型铀矿床分析,总结了广西铀矿的时空分布规律,认为铀矿床成矿时间集中于燕山晚期和喜山早期,花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型铀矿床形成时间较赋矿围岩晚,铀成矿时间与围岩形成时代无关。根据广西铀矿成矿特征及时空分布规律以及广西铀矿成矿带划分方案,将广西铀成矿单元划分为8个Ⅳ级成矿区带,认为广西铀资源类型多样,铀成矿地质条件有利,找矿潜力巨大。     

松辽盆地北部含铀岩系沉积物源及铀源分析研究进展

笔者在开展松辽盆地北部砂岩型铀矿地质调查时,系统收集了松辽盆地北部沉积物源、铀源的基础资料,对松辽盆地北部主要含铀岩系物源体系研究进展进行了概括和总结:1)目前沉积物源研究主要针对含油气目的层展开,而具重要铀成矿潜力的层位如上白垩统四方台组、明水组研究甚少;2)盆地北部各沉积时期物源具有明显的不均匀性,传统物源分析方法得出的结论尚存在诸多分歧,需加强碎屑锆石U-Pb定年等新兴技术手段的应用。对松辽盆地北部铀源条件研究现状进行了系统论述:1)松辽盆地北部具有良好的蚀源区供铀条件,岩体铀含量较高,活化迁移明显,铀镭平衡系数表明了沉积盖层中存在铀的原始预富集和后生活化迁移;2)针对沉积盖层原始铀含量的计算和空间上活化铀迁移规律的研究略显不足,同时缺乏"双重供铀"模式的认识,应加强铀预富集方面的研究。物源和铀源及二者的源-汇过程与含铀岩系沉积环境研究关系密切,同时严重制约了铀矿床的产出,对其精确厘定有助于深入理解砂岩型铀矿的局部预富集作用,并对砂岩型铀矿有利成矿区段进行合理的预测和评价。     

松辽盆地北部砂岩型铀矿铀的赋存状态研究

松辽盆地北部是近年来发现的砂岩型铀矿找矿潜力较大的地区。采用电子探针及化学分析等方法,对该地区砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物的赋存状态及铀的价态进行研究。发现松辽盆地北部砂岩型铀矿铀的赋存状态以独立铀矿为主,主要为沥青铀矿和铀石;铀矿物颗粒细小,多以粒状、斑点状、团块状、条带状、网状、环带状及分散显微颗粒、显微颗粒集合体的形式存在,颗粒大小几微米至200μm;铀矿石主要与黄铁矿、石英、长石共生,分布在碎屑颗粒间或裂隙中,或充填于砂岩胶结物中,或围绕黄铁矿生长形成镶边状。从铀矿物的赋存状态及类型看,松辽盆地北部铀矿化可能存在两个成矿期,即同生沉积期和后生改造叠加期。矿石中U~(6+)/U~(4+)比值为0.30~2.07,平均为0.93,铀含量较高的矿石U~(6+)/U~(4+)比值高于铀含量较低的矿石,普遍大于1,有利于铀矿地浸开采。上述研究为松辽盆地北部砂岩型铀矿找矿、成矿机理研究提供了基础资料,同时对砂岩型铀矿选冶开采工艺的确定具有借鉴意义。     

巴音戈壁盆地南部塔木素铀矿床铀赋存特征研究

位于巴音戈壁盆地南部的塔木素铀矿床为典型的硬砂岩型铀矿床,其铀的赋存特征也明显有别于我国北方其他砂岩型铀矿床,文章运用电子探针、扫描电子显微镜、径迹蚀刻等方法对该矿床铀的赋存状态进行了研究,研究结果表明塔木素铀矿床铀主要以铀矿物的形式存在,极少量为吸附铀,铀矿物基本都是沥青铀矿而未发现其他砂岩铀矿中常见的铀石。沥青铀矿主要分布于矿物内部、粒间、胶结物中及植物碎屑中,并根据沥青铀矿结构特征等将其分为微粒浸染状结构、环边结构、薄膜结构、球粒结构、交替环带结构、瓜瓤结构、交代结构、混合结构等。进一步研究发现,不同的铀矿物的结构形式与矿石类型、矿化阶段、地下水环境、水岩作用过程等有关,通过铀的赋存状态及其结构研究,有助于了解塔木素这种特殊硬砂岩的成矿过程及探讨铀矿化成因。     

砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物U-Pb年代学研究现状及研究方向

该文基于中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心研究团队近年来的研究工作及对相关文献的综合研究,对砂岩型铀矿中一些重要铀矿物如沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学研究现状进行了深入分析,提出新的研究方向,即通过采用二次离子质谱法、激光剥蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法与电子探针化学分析法和同位素稀释热电离质谱法相结合的方式,综合研究砂岩型铀矿中沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等铀矿物和金红石、磷灰石等含铀矿物的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学,探索砂岩型铀矿中矿石矿物的U-Pb同位素测年新方法,获取更精确的砂岩型铀矿成岩成矿的年代学信息。这对于全面准确地认识砂岩型铀矿床的生成和演化历史,建立砂岩型铀矿床的成矿新理论具有十分重要的科学意义。铀矿物测年新方法在砂岩型铀矿床的地质勘探中也有广阔的应用前景。     

开鲁盆地龙湾筒凹陷构造特征及砂岩型铀矿找矿前景探讨

可地浸砂岩型铀矿指赋存于沉积盆地砂岩中的后生型铀矿床,分布范围较广,并且此类铀矿资源在世界铀资源所占份额越来越大,是我国目前主要的工业铀矿化类型.松辽盆地是我国北方六大中新生代盆地之一,砂岩型铀矿成矿条件潜质好.一直以来是诸多铀矿地质研究者所关注的盆地,其中以开鲁盆地最为典型,特别是钱家店凹陷,其含铀层位的地球物理特征明显,与油伴生,成矿远景好.本文主要对与钱家店凹陷毗邻的松辽盆地西南部的开鲁盆地哲中凹陷中的龙湾筒凹陷进行地球物理资料深入分析研究,利用三维地震资料,通过对含铀目的层地震属性特征的处理分析,对研究区的构造形态、目的层物性变化及铀成矿前景进行初步预测,圈定了有利铀成矿潜力区域,为后续铀矿勘探和研究提供参考.     

松辽盆地地浸砂岩型铀成矿铀源分析

通过研究松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床和盆地南部铀矿化认为,松辽盆地砂岩型铀成矿作用独特,其成因可归结为双混合叠造型。其铀源也具有多源性,既有蚀源区铀源,又有盖层铀源,还有深部铀源,它们共同组成松辽盆地铀成矿的铀源。     

开鲁盆地砂岩型铀矿中黄铁矿与铀矿化成因关系探讨

开鲁盆地位于松辽盆地西南部,是中国北方砂岩型铀矿勘查的重点地区,自钱家店铀矿床发现以来,盆地内上白垩统姚家组目的层中相继发现了一些具有工业价值的铀矿床.为查明该层位中黄铁矿成因及其形成机制,探讨其与铀矿化之间的关系,本研究对含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿与铀矿物矿物学特征、黄铁矿S同位素开展细致研究.研究表明:(1)开鲁盆地姚家组砂岩中铀主要以独立铀矿物及吸附铀形式存在,独立铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,含少量的钛铀矿及部分铀石,多数沿黄铁矿周边生长.吸附态的铀与黏土矿物密切相关.(2)姚家组砂岩中黄铁矿主要以草莓状、胶状及粒状产出,多与沥青铀矿共生,其中黄铁矿S同位素(d34S=–55.6‰～23.2‰),平均值–20.87‰,变化范围很大,说明硫的分馏程度较高,硫的来源范围较广.(3)分析表明黄铁矿具有细菌硫酸盐还原作用及热化学硫酸盐还原作用两种成因,并探讨了这2种成因黄铁矿的形成机制.综合前人研究,结合研究区成矿地质背景,认为黄铁矿为铀成矿作用提供了发生还原反应所需要的还原剂,且黄铁矿及铀矿物的形成与区内热流体存在紧密联系.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.