落底式止水帷幕条件下基坑涌漏量计算

如何判定落底式止水帷幕的止水效果,定量计算坑外地下水通过落底式止水帷幕向基坑内的涌漏量,是对于设置了落底式止水帷幕的基坑进行降水设计的重要依据.通过对存在落底式止水帷幕的基坑进行现场抽水试验及连通试验,总结落底式止水帷幕建立前后试验井流量、降深变化的规律,定义落底式止水帷幕的综合止水系数,探讨止水效果等级划分方法,在此基础上,提出了基坑岩土体表观渗透系数的概念,从而计算基坑涌漏量,在一定程度上,填补了落底式止水帷幕对基坑降水影响定量评价的空白,为存在落底式止水帷幕的基坑降水设计提供了一定的理论依据.     

落底式止水帷幕条件下基坑涌水量计算研究

涌漏点的存在使得落底式止水帷幕条件下基坑涌水量的计算成为一个有待解决的技术难题。在承压含水层中开挖落底式深基坑时,针对落底式止水帷幕渗漏的不确定性,建立承压含水层中落底式基坑非完整井降水水文地质模型。基于Theis非完整井非稳定流理论,结合映射原理,推导等效渗透系数计算公式,并提出涌漏系数法用以评价落底式止水帷幕隔渗效果以及计算基坑涌水量。以武汉某深基坑降水工程为例,采用该方法评价止水帷幕的隔渗效果以及对其基坑涌水量进行计算,并与实测结果和传统方法计算结果分别进行对比验证。结果显示涌漏系数法计算误差较小,且计算过程简便,兼具安全性和经济性。研究结果可应用于指导工程设计,具有一定实际应用价值。     

悬挂式止水帷幕地下水渗流数值模拟

悬挂式止水帷幕在基坑工程中得到了广泛应用。采用地下水渗流软件GMS对室内地下水渗流模型试验进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与试验结果相互对比,进而验证地下水数值模拟软件的可靠性。在确定软件准确性的基础上,进一步研究在相同悬挂式止水帷幕插入深度下,不同形状基坑中地下水渗流变化规律,为实际工程降水设计提供参考依据。结果表明:数值模拟的计算结果与实际监测到的坑外涌水量以及坑外水位变化较为吻合;不同形状的基坑,帷幕插入深度的增加对坑外水位影响并不明显,但在相同的帷幕插入深度下,不同形状的基坑的涌水量差异较为明显,具体表现为正方形基坑涌水量最大,矩形基坑次之,圆形基坑的涌水量最小。     

潜水层一体化降水回灌设计方法研究

将降水工程抽取的地下水进行资源性回灌是高渗透性富水地层地下水控制中保护地下水资源的一种有效选择。当回灌场地受限离降水影响区域不够远时,降水与回灌可能存在耦合作用。基于潜水完整降水-回灌井群的浸润线方程,建立了一体化降水回灌井点群系统等流量近似理论解和等效大井近似理论解公式,并进行了误差分析。以北京某基坑工程为例,一体化降水回灌工程的近似理论解、数模分析、流量实测三者结果能互相符合,验证了公式的可靠性。给出了应用公式进行场地受限条件下一体化降水回灌设计问题的求解思路、求解步骤,建立了潜水完整井的一体化降水回灌设计方法。     

悬挂式止水帷幕涌水量计算数值模拟及验证

在基坑工程中,为合理保护地下水资源和节约工程成本,悬挂式止水帷幕在工程中的应用越来越广泛。为更好地研究悬挂式止水帷幕基坑涌水量及影响半径的影响范围,依托北京市东城区第一人民医院基坑项目,进行了悬挂式止水帷幕基坑涌水量的数值模拟,并现场进行数据监测,从而对数值计算结果进行验证。结果表明:(1)利用有限元数值模拟软件分析的基坑内涌水量与实际监测的数值趋势相同,日涌水量可以达到1970 m3;(2)设置悬挂式止水帷幕的基坑,原基坑降水影响半径不再适用,降水影响半径比原来有所减小;(3)随着距离止水帷幕距离的增加,基坑外水头值越来越大;随着距离止水帷幕距离的越来越大,基坑外水头值增加的趋势越来越小。     

悬挂式止水帷幕条件下深基坑开挖变形特性研究

降水条件对基坑开挖的变形特性具有重要影响。为了研究悬挂式止水帷幕结合承压非完整井组成的墙井系统条件下基坑开挖过程中的变形问题,以某悬挂式止水帷幕深基坑为例,通过定义降水井和地表渗流边界条件建立了考虑分级降水和基坑开挖实际工况的三维流固耦合有限元数值分析模型,使用现场监测数据与数值模拟结果互相验证的方法研究了悬挂式止水帷幕情况下基坑开挖过程中地下连续墙变形和地表沉降的变化特征,对比分析了悬挂式止水帷幕和落底式止水帷幕条件下的地表沉降。结果表明：在不同分级降水情况下,降水深度初次达到场地第一承压水含水层降水期间产生的地下连续墙水平位移增量最大,地表沉降也主要在这一期间产生;悬挂式止水帷幕情况下的地表沉降最大值约为落底式止水帷幕的2.7倍,最大值位置距地下连续墙边缘的距离比落底式止水帷幕大0.85 m;地下连续墙水平位移峰值处,降水期间产生的位移占28%,地表沉降峰值处,降水期间产生的沉降占49%;使用悬挂式止水帷幕时,距地下连续墙边缘12倍开挖深度处,地表沉降与地表沉降峰值的比值为0.1、该距离比落底式止水帷幕大13 m左右。研究成果对确定深基坑降水方案、保证深基坑开挖施工安全具有一定的参...     

深基坑减压降水设计优化与止水帷幕隔水效应分析

为更好地控制工程降水引发的地面沉降,根据"按需降水"原则,基于地下水动力学经典理论,分析了减压降水过程中止水帷幕的隔水效应和承压水头分布特征,探讨了通过深基坑减压降水设计优化控制坑外水位降水及地面沉降的可行性,结合工程实例,模拟分析了基坑降水优化效果,讨论了止水帷幕深度与地面沉降量的定量关系。     

地下水回灌技术在浅层承压含水层中的实践与探讨

上海地区承压含水层埋深较深,深基坑围护的止水帷幕难以深入到承压含水层底板进行地下水水平向的完全阻隔,减压降水过程势必对周边环境产生一定影响。以上海盛大国际金融中心深基坑回灌试验为依据,表明人工回灌地下水对控制承压水位具有一定效果,并运用数值方法模拟了不同回灌条件下坑外承压水位的变化。     

深厚强透水含水层超大基坑降水群井效应研究

基坑减压降水的幅度与群井效应密切相关。某超大面积基坑,含水层组厚40m,中下部透水性强,采用非完整井降水。对水文地质条件概化,建立了地下水三维非稳定流数值模型,对均匀布置群井、不均匀布置群井、分块开挖降水、不同的井结构、布设回灌井等工况,进行了渗流场模拟。研究表明,强透水性含水层超大面积基坑降水的群井效应极为明显;井位角密中疏布置,可实现降深调平,避免降深不足和超降;基坑分块降水,可减少坑外降深;短滤管井结构可减少基坑总涌水量和坑外降深;强透水性含水层可灌性强,回灌对减少坑外水位下降有较明显的效果。模拟结果与现场监测较为一致。研究成果可为类似工程地下水控制设计提供参考。     

基坑降水引起周围土体沉降性状分析

从影响基坑周围土体沉降的诸多因素中选出3个主要因素:弹性模量、降水深度和渗透系数,利用二维有限元法分析了它们对基坑周围土体沉降性状的影响。同时通过建立二维有限元模型,研究了工程上采用的回灌和止水措施对减小地表变形的作用。研究表明,使用回灌井、回灌沟或止水帷幕措施可减小地表总沉降和不均匀沉降。     

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.     

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.     

基坑工程降水回灌一体化装置研制

为保证基坑降水工程中回灌水满足济南泉域地下水系统的水质要求,研制了基坑工程降水回灌一体化装置。该装置包括回灌主机和集水箱2个部分,主要组件由水泵、过滤器、压力罐、电控系統、集水箱、回灌井管材等构成。介绍了回灌设备工作原理、技术特色。通过济南轨道交通R1线大杨庄站基坑降水工程的成功应用,验证了该基坑工程降水回灌一体化装置取得的良好环境效益和社会效益。     

地下水回灌在地铁边基坑降水中的应用

基坑降水过程中,在降低坑内水位同时,为保护周边环境安全采用地下水回灌保证坑外一定区域内水位下降较小。上海盛大国际金融中心位于三条地铁交接处,环境保护要求较高。降水同时结合回灌技术能局部控制降水影响范围,通过数值方法计算和分析回灌效果较好,并在实际工程中成功应用。     

考虑止水帷幕的深基坑降水预测解析计算

提出止水帷幕条件下的深基坑降水预测的解析算法。以武汉长江航运中心深基坑为实例,概化其水文地质模型,以现场抽水试验数据分析止水帷幕的止水效果。基于此,修正非完整型干扰井群降深公式,结合镜像法原理编制计算程序进行降水预测解析计算,并与实测结果和数值模拟结果分别进行对比验证。研究表明：所概化的水文地质模型为承压含水层,东侧止水效果最差,南侧止水效果不如北侧,西侧止水效果最好。按原布井方案进行降水解析计算发现,在基坑南侧将达不到安全降水的目的,当增加2口降水井后降水效果有所改善,与实测结果和数值模拟结果基本一致。研究成果可指导工程设计,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

深基坑水平止水帷幕无压性地下水控制设计及实践

沉降微扰动控制区域进行深基坑建设中,采用水平止水帷幕进行地下水控制的技术变得越来越重要。本文探讨了水平止水帷幕无压性地下水控制设计的原理,并应用到某车站的地下水控制设计中,抽水试验及最终的工程实践表明,水平止水帷幕的设计和施工达到了预期的效果。在此基础上针对水平止水帷幕施工工艺及渗漏检测方法、施工开挖期间的水位实时观测和预警提出了建议。     

Geological and hydrogeological environment in Tianjin with potential geohazards and groundwater control during excavation

This paper discusses the geological and hydrogeological features of Quaternary deposits in Tianjin as well as the geohazards related to groundwater hydrology in this region. The soft soil deposits, comprising silt, sand, silty clay and clay, are composed of four aquifer groups. In the first aquifer group, one phreatic aquifer and two confined aquifers have relationships with underground construction in the urban area. These three aquifers are separated by two aquitards and collectively form a multi-aquifer system. During geotechnical construction, potential geohazards present are related to the groundwater, which include water-in-rushing, quicksand and piping hazards. To prevent the aforementioned geohazards, dewatering is conducted; however, groundwater pumping may result in large settlements of the surrounding ground. To reduce pumping-induced settlement, the dewatering–waterproofing system has been adopted. According to the characteristics of the subsoil, excavation depth and the surrounding environment, the dewatering system can be divided into five patterns. In the first four patterns, when pumping is conducted in the excavation pit, the groundwater head in the adjacent aquifers outside the pit decreases due to the leakage effect of the aquitards located between the aquifers. In the fifth pattern, waterproof curtain has cut off the aquifers completely and dewatering in the pit cannot result in settlement around excavation pit. To avoid geohazards related to groundwater hydrology, countermeasures recommended include construction of an effective waterproof curtain, selection of a reasonable excavation dewatering pattern and withdrawal of required groundwater.     

基于环境控制的深基坑工程管井回灌设计分析

为探讨管井回灌在深基坑工程中的设计及应用,分析了基于环境控制的深基坑工程管井回灌设计的特殊性,开展了悬挂式帷幕下不同回灌滤管类型的降水回灌渗流分析及对比,探讨了影响回灌管井平面布设以及管井滤管设计的关键因素,同时针对深基坑工程回灌的特殊性,提出了“双点位流态”控制设计原则、回扬控制措施的确定方法以及回灌水质应满足的3项原则。