陕南镇巴地区中-晚三叠世界线富锂黏土岩的发现及找矿意义

首次报道了扬子板块北缘镇巴地区中-晚三叠世界线黏土岩锂的超常富集,黏土岩产于关岭组(T₂g)/须家河组(T₃x)平行不整合界面,为古风化壳沉积物,Li₂O品位0.08%～0.11%,最高达0.22%,超过了该类型矿产的边界品位(0.06%),界线黏土岩的岩石学特征、矿物组成及岩石成因亟待查明。本文通过XRD分析、TIMA分析以及详细的地球化学研究,查明了界线黏土岩的矿物组成,探讨了黏土岩形成的沉积环境及物质来源,提出了不整合面黏土岩类关键金属矿产的综合找矿方向。研究表明,镇巴地区T₂/T₃界线黏土岩主要由石英、伊利石、高岭石组成,并含有极少量绿泥石、蒙脱石和铝绿泥石。主量元素(SiO₂、Al₂O₃、^TFe₂O₃、TiO₂)特征表明界线黏土岩属于铝土质泥岩,黏土岩CIA值(化学蚀变指数)为85～93,ICV值(成分变异指数)为0...     

陕西山阳县黑色岩系中中村—银花钒矿床地质特征

秦岭黑色岩系中带的钒矿构成超大型规模,中村-银花钒矿是大型钒矿的典型代表,产于下寒武统水沟口组中段硅质板岩-泥板岩-粘土质泥板岩岩性转换过渡层位中.矿石根据岩性划分为硅板岩型、粘土质泥板岩型和硅质泥板岩型3种类型.矿层延长及厚度稳定,V2O5品位为0.70%～1.17%.研究查明,钒与粘土质、泥质板岩密切相关,钒在粘土泥板岩中相对富集.钒与铝、钾、铁存在较密切的地球化学共生关系.钒以钒酸盐、磷酸盐及吸附状态存在于高岭石、水云母中.研究认为,含钒黑色岩系是扬子大陆向华北大陆俯冲启动下,于早寒武世扬子大陆北缘斜坡出现在拉伸裂谷式沉积环境,发育滞留深水环境下的炭-泥-灰-重晶石-硅质含钒沉积建造,含钒的炭质硅板岩-炭质泥板岩层具有热水沉积产物的特征.     

X射线衍射和TIMA研究陕南镇巴地区富锂黏土岩的矿物组成及锂的赋存状态

黏土岩型锂矿作为可利用锂资源的重要组成部分,由于其分布广、储量大而备受关注。陕西镇巴地区晚二叠世吴家坪组新发现黏土岩型锂矿(资源),Li₂O最高含量可达0.39%,达到了黏土锂矿的工业指标(0.2%),具有一定的开发利用价值。为了查明陕南镇巴地区富锂黏土岩中黏土矿物种类、含量及富锂黏土岩中锂的赋存状态,本文选取陕西镇巴地区富锂黏土岩,通过偏光显微镜鉴定初步查明黏土岩的矿物组成,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、全自动综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)分析技术定量查明富锂黏土岩中黏土矿物及主要元素含量。结果表明：该黏土岩主要由高岭石、铝绿泥石、伊利石、锂绿泥石等黏土矿物以及赤铁矿组成,含少量绿泥石、金红石等矿物。TIMA分析表明样品中锂绿泥石最高含量为8.94%,对应锂含量为0.12%(Li₂O含量为0.26%),略低于该样品全岩Li₂O含量(0.31%)。锂绿泥石呈丝缕状,不规则粒状,嵌布于一水软铝石、伊利石、铝绿泥石之间。综合研究认为镇巴地区富锂黏土岩中锂主要赋存于锂绿泥石中,其他矿物的锂含量很低。锂绿泥石、伊利石、高岭石等层状结构...     

新疆阿图什苏洪东碱性花岗岩型铌钽富矿脉的发现及意义

新疆阿图什苏洪东碱性花岗岩为西南天山哈拉峻巴什索贡杂岩体（辉长岩、霓石正长岩、碱性花岗岩）组成部分,处于塔里木板块北缘—南天山造山带中碱性杂岩带三大集中区（库尔勒、拜城、哈拉峻）西段。自1961年在杂岩体中发现稀土、铌钽矿化线索以来,虽持续对其进行找矿调查研究,但进展均不明显。近年来,通过预研究、野外查证、样品测试等研究工作,发现苏洪东碱性花岗岩为区内铌钽控矿岩体,（Na,Ta）2O5品位最高为0.106%,Ta2O5品位最高为0.010%;首次在碱性花岗岩边缘地带发现铌钽富矿脉,（Na,Ta）2O5品位为0.278%,Ta2O5品位为0.044%。研究认为苏洪东碱性花岗岩与拜城波孜果尔铌钽矿床控矿岩体特征相似,具有重要的找矿和研究意义,推进了西南天山碱性花岗岩型稀有金属及稀土找矿突破。     

扬子地区晚二叠世吴家坪期沉积环境及烃源岩发育的控制因素

在系统收集研究区资料和前人研究的基础之上,对扬子地区晚二叠世吴家坪期的沉积环境及烃源 岩发育的控制因素进行了探讨。扬子地区吴家坪期沉积环境包括陆地、海陆过渡环境、滨岸、碳酸盐岩台地和 盆地,其中碳酸盐岩台地包括碳酸盐潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、深水陆棚和台盆。对扬子地区晚 二叠世吴家坪期的沉积古地理进行了总结,绘制了沉积古地理图,主要的古地理单元包括古陆、冲积平原、滨 岸平原、碳酸盐岩台地和次深海。研究区内烃源岩类型多样,包括煤系、碳质页岩、泥岩、泥灰岩和硅岩等, 主要发育在沼泽、湖、深水陆棚和台盆等环境。有机质的来源包括陆源、底栖藻类和浮游藻类。扬子地区晚 二叠世吴家坪期烃源岩的发育主要受当时气候条件、洋流模式和沉积环境的控制。热带潮湿气候和洋流模式有 利于有机质的生产,而局限的沉积环境有利于有机质的保存。     

旺苍县黄洋-五权地区钒矿地质特征与找矿前景

旺苍县黄洋-五权钒矿位于扬子克拉通西北缘的米仓山推覆构造与四川盆地耦合部位,发育近东西向褶皱,含矿地层为二叠系上统吴家坪组一段(P2w1),主要赋矿岩性为铝质粘土岩。矿区钒矿床成因类型有别于国内主要的钒矿床类型—钒钛磁铁矿型钒矿床及炭质页岩型钒矿床,属于一种新的沉积型钒矿床类型。普查区钒矿属于层控沉积型钒矿床,钒矿体厚度及品位延伸稳定,规模巨大,后期构造破坏小,普查区全区V2O5资源量远景在100万吨以上,具有找到大型钒矿床的远景。     

滇中盆地南缘富锂黏土岩地球化学特征及沉积环境初探

沉积岩中的微量元素对沉积环境变化有较高的敏感度,是研究古沉积环境的有效手段。滇中盆地倒石头组是一套富锂的黏土岩地层,其古环境的研究对恢复该时期盆地沉积格局和锂元素富集具有重要意义。基于滇中盆地倒石头组两个典型钻孔样品详细的地球化学研究,探讨了倒石头组富锂黏土岩形成时的沉积环境及其对锂元素富集的影响。研究结果表明:所有样品Sr、Ga元素含量及Sr/Ba值指示研究区古水体介质为淡水陆相沉积环境;其δU值介于0.51～1.63,U/Th值介于0.11～1.49,V/(V+Ni)值介于0.48～0.86,V/Cr值介于0.45～1.24,同时在U₍(EF))-Mo₍(EF))协变模式图中,样品数据均未落在缺氧和硫化区域,表明研究区富锂黏土岩的沉积环境为氧化—弱还原环境;且样品Sr/Cu比值介于0.69～4.87,CIA值介于86.3～99.66,XRD全岩黏土矿物分析显示高岭石为主要的黏土矿物,表明富锂黏土岩在形成过程中处于温暖潮湿的沉积环境并伴随较为强烈的化学风化作用。     

桂西上二叠统合山组富锂黏土岩的发现及意义

本文首次报道了桂西平果地区上二叠统合山组含铝土矿层上部黏土岩呈现锂矿化现象.Li2O品位可达0.20％～0.53％,局部达到碳酸盐黏土型锂矿矿床工业指标,具有良好的勘查开发潜力.XRD分析结果表明锂绿泥石和蒙脱石是合山组Li超富集黏土岩中最重要的锂赋存矿物.本文推测Li主要以锂的独立矿物——锂绿泥石形式存在,部分Li可能以离子吸附形式赋存于蒙脱石中.地球化学分析结果表明合山组黏土岩主要来源于下伏基底碳酸盐岩以及晚二叠世中酸性火山岩.本次工作为探讨桂西平果地区上二叠统合山组黏土岩Li赋存状态和物质来源提供了初步约束,对下一步查明富锂黏土岩的时空分布和明确锂矿找矿方向具有十分重要的意义.     

云南大关新地2井奥陶—志留纪之交钾质斑脱岩岩石地球化学特征分析

扬子地台内晚奥陶世末—早志留世初五峰—龙马溪组内沉积了多层钾质斑脱岩,但对于该时期扬子地台西缘钾质斑脱岩的研究报道相对较少。本文旨在通过对云南大关地区新地2井五峰—龙马溪组内沉积的钾质斑脱岩进行矿物学及地球化学分析,进一步确定扬子西缘该时期钾质斑脱岩原始岩浆类型及其所产生的构造环境。矿物学特征表明,钾质斑脱岩主要由黏土矿物和非黏土矿物组成,其中黏土矿物由伊利石和伊蒙混层组成,非黏土矿物以石英、长石、方解石、白云石和黄铁矿等为主。钾质斑脱岩主量元素以高K_2O,低TiO_2为特征,微量元素特征表现为富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等元素,Ti、P元素相对亏损,Ti/Th值指示了酸性火山灰的性质;ΣREE在(49.86～209.43)×10~(-6);与球粒陨石相比,轻稀土轻微富集、具Eu负异常,无Ce异常;在Nb/Y-Zr/TiO_2图解中,数据点主要落在安山岩和粗面英安岩之间,表明钾质斑脱岩源岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆;依据微量元素特征和构造环境判别结果,初步认为原始岩浆可能形成于岛弧环境,其火山灰来源可能与扬子北缘早古生代秦岭洋闭合过程中的板块碰撞有关。     

中扬子晚二叠世沉积特征及古地理演化

通过剖面实测、岩相及沉积相分析,中扬子区晚二叠世主要发育碳酸盐岩开阔台地沉积、陆棚沉积及盆地沉积,吴家坪期以浅海相沉积为主,深水盆地范围较小,长兴期发育台地相及盆地相,深水盆地范围变大,研究区晚二叠世的沉积主要受南秦岭海活动控制和盆地演化影响,沉积分异在晚二叠世较发育.古地理演化表明,吴家坪期中扬子北缘为深水盆地沉积,...     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the