南祁连裕龙沟岩体ID-TIMS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

日月山—化隆地区的基性—超基性岩带发育有多个与铜镍矿化有关的岩体,岩石类型主要有角闪辉长岩、辉长岩、苏长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄榄岩等。通过对裕龙沟岩体的实地调查和研究,利用ID-TIMS（同位素稀释热电离质谱法）对岩体进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得成岩年龄442.7Ma±1.6Ma,为加里东期。岩石地球化学特征分析和区域对比研究表明,裕龙沟岩体为一铁质系列的基性—超基性岩类型的杂岩体,岩体分异好,有用元素Ni、Cu、Co丰度高,为有利成矿的岩体;440Ma左右整个祁连地区正处于由俯冲造山向碰撞造山过渡的转换时期,随着拉脊山小洋盆的闭合,进入陆内造山阶段,在后碰撞伸展环境中形成裕龙沟等基性—超基性侵入岩体。结合其它岩体信息认为,该岩带中的岩体可能形成于同一时期,有其特殊的动力学机制和演化过程。这期伸展裂解事件与成矿关系非常密切,因此对其研究具有非常重要的现实意义。     

南祁连裕龙沟铜镍硫化物矿床Re-Os同位素物质来源示踪研究

南祁连日月山—化隆基性-超基性岩带发育多个与铜镍矿化有关的岩体, 岩石类型主要有角闪辉石岩、辉长岩、苏长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩等, 其中裕龙沟基性杂岩体形成于(442.4±1.6) Ma。通过对裕龙沟铜镍矿床稀疏浸染状矿石中硫化物的Re-Os及S同位素物质来源示踪研究, 其187Os/188Os初始比值为0.2239~0.2757, γOs为80~123, δ34S为0.8‰~2.4‰, 表明其物质来源具有壳-幔混合特征, 壳源Os的加入量为20%~28%, 地壳物质的加入可能是裕龙沟岩体富集成矿的重要因素。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区玉古萨依基性超基性岩体成因及构造意义

玉古萨依基性超基性杂岩体位于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格山西段玉古萨依地区。岩体侵入于祁漫塔格群变质砂岩中,由北西至南东方向岩性由超基性向基性过渡,可见明显的层状分异现象,普遍蚀变较强,辉石岩为主要的堆晶相。杂岩体岩石整体属于钙碱性系列,都属于富铁质或铁质基性超基性岩,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素特征显示不同岩石类型均为同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体中角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为406±2.6Ma,形成于早泥盆世早期。岩石地球化学特征显示岩体形成于板内伸展环境下,表明在该时期区域内已经为碰撞后的伸展阶段。本次研究发现该杂岩体应为祁漫塔格早古生代蛇绿构造混杂岩带中非蛇绿岩成因的镁铁-超镁铁质层状侵入体。     

东天山黄山岩体的侵位时代及其地质意义

东天山黄山—镜儿泉地区分布有众多镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,岩体成群成带分布,受区域性韧性剪切带和断裂构造控制.为进一步确定黄山—镜儿泉基性—超基性岩带的侵位时代、成因和大地构造背景,对选自黄山岩体辉长岩相中单颗粒锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究,将其结果[(284.5±2.5)Ma]与黄山岩体和黄山—镜儿泉一带其他基性—超基性岩中已有的定年成果进行了对比,并结合近年来该区研究成果,分析得到黄山辉长岩侵位于晚石炭世—早二叠世,此时正值东天山后碰撞大规模岩浆侵位和成矿时期.黄山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩带形成于后碰撞的伸展构造环境.     

东天山吐哈盆地南缘二叠纪幔源岩浆杂岩：中亚地区陆壳垂向生长的地质记录

吐哈盆地南缘土屋铜矿以西侵入泥盆纪火山沉积岩系的海豹滩环状杂岩体,由纯橄榄岩、含长橄榄岩、橄长岩、斜长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩等组成,其中蚀变辉长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb年龄为269.2±3.2Ma,斜长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb表面年龄为282~287Ma;侵入康古尔塔格碰撞带变形石炭系地层的恰特卡尔塔格杂岩体由蛇纹岩、含橄榄斜长岩、蚀变辉长岩和闪长岩等组成,蚀变辉长岩中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb年龄为277.0±1.6Ma;侵入大南湖泥盆纪活动陆缘型花岗岩的基性岩墙中的锆石SHRIMPU_Pb表面年龄为271~280Ma,类似的基性岩墙还见于克孜尔卡拉萨依早石炭世花岗闪长岩和土屋铜矿北花岗闪长岩体。上述两个镁铁质—超镁铁质杂岩体不同岩石类型及侵入三个花岗质岩体的基性岩墙的岩石学和岩石化学特征,表明它们都是来自亏损地幔并受到地壳物质混染的岩浆活动的影响,属于东天山吐哈盆地南缘幔源岩浆杂岩带的一部分。结合已有区域地质资料的综合分析,提出了吐哈盆地南缘及天山—准噶尔—南蒙古地区、斋桑碰撞带及其两侧地区、环蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带地区和中朝陆块北缘—北山南部地区二叠纪岩浆岩带的构造背景与成因机制都存在差异、但都是中亚地区地壳垂向生长的地质记录的新认识。     

中国镍矿成矿规律初探

我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件.     

中国北方造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床及其地球动力学背景——以吉林红旗岭矿床为例

中国北方兴蒙造山带东段吉林省中南部产有一系列铜镍硫化物矿床,红旗岭矿床代表的是早三叠纪同造山期与超镁铁质-镁铁质岩浆作用相关的矿床类型.含矿母岩主要是由辉长岩-二辉岩-橄榄辉石岩-辉石橄榄岩等构成的杂岩体和顽火辉石岩超基性岩脉,构成星点状—稀疏浸染状、稠密浸染状、斑杂状、致密块状四种矿石类型.硅酸盐岩石的矿物组合为橄榄石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石,为钙碱性系列岩石组合类型.岩石化学显示其微量元素富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb,相似于俯冲带拉斑玄武岩,可能为幔源岩浆混染地壳物质的结果.同位素年代学证实岩体就位时间约为250Ma左右的早三叠纪,与区域变质和中国北方大面积的同造山花岗岩年龄相似.暗示了含矿岩体的形成和华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山作用有关,是造山挤压过渡期伸展体制下岩浆作用的产物.     

阿尔金山地区构造单元划分和前寒武纪重要地质事件

阿尔金山地区构造单元从北至南划分为敦煌地块、阿尔金北缘蛇绿混杂岩带、中阿尔金中—新元古代构造岩片、阿尔金构造杂岩带和阿尔金南缘基性超基性岩带5个构造单元,它们具有不同的岩石组合和变质变形特征。在正确识别地质事件的性质和特征的基础上,根据现有同位素年龄资料甄别出5期重要地质事件。3600～2500Ma的数据表明敦煌地块内存在始太古代、古太古代、中太古代、新太古代古老地壳和多期的岩浆活动;2500～1800Ma的古元古代是敦煌地块遭受强烈改造和中基性侵入岩形成的时代;1000～800Ma存在新元古代碰撞造山和大规模的岩浆活动;530～500Ma是阿尔金北缘蛇绿混杂岩带、高压变质泥质岩和榴辉岩的变质时代,形成的构造杂岩带是古生代早期秦岭-柴达木盆地北缘巨型碰撞带的西延部分;400Ma的柴水沟辉长岩的斜锆石年龄代表了碰撞后的裂解事件。     

新疆哈密白石泉铜镍矿区基性-超基性岩的形成时代及其地质意义

白石泉铜镍矿床位于中天山地块北缘,沙泉子深大断裂南侧。矿体产于同源同期侵入的中基性—超基性岩体内,其含矿岩石为单辉橄榄岩和斜长橄辉岩。铜镍矿化无论从时间上和空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关,矿床成因类型为岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿床。锆石SHRIMP微区原位U-Pb年代学研究表明,石英闪长岩的年龄为285±10Ma、辉长闪长岩年龄为284±9Ma和辉长岩年龄为284±8Ma。三者在测定误差范围内十分一致,表明该含矿杂岩体的侵位及矿化作用均发生于晚石炭世末—早二叠世初,成岩成矿的动力学背景为造山期后伸展构造环境。     

塔里木板块东北部笔架山东基性-超基性岩体地球化学特征与岩石成因

笔架山东基性—超基性岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,是笔架山岩带中最东边的一个岩体,岩体形态为椭圆状,出露面积约5 km2.由含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长岩、含橄辉长岩、辉长岩以及辉绿岩组成.含橄榄石较多的岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,而辉长岩属钙碱性系列.岩相学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征表明岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石、辉石、斜长石的分离结晶作用.Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成和岩石地球化学特征反映出岩浆与围岩之间存在物质交换.笔架山东岩体的岩浆源区为OIB型地幔源区,原生岩浆为高镁拉斑玄武岩浆[w(MgO)=11.2％],这些性质与塔里木板块东北部其他基性-超基性岩体的特征相似,表明塔里木板块东北部二叠纪基性—超基性岩体的源区主要为OIB型地幔,可能与地幔柱有关.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)