鄂尔多斯盆地店头地区直罗组下段古层间氧化带特征及铀成矿模式

鄂尔多斯盆地店头地区铀矿化的形成和分布与古层间氧化带关系密切。文章通过宏观-微观岩石矿物学和地球化学对店头地区古层间氧化带进行了识别和划分,总结了古层间氧化带的空间展布特征,分析了古层间氧化带的形成过程及不同成矿阶段铀的迁移、富集沉淀规律,进而探讨了铀成矿模式及找矿方向。研究表明,研究区古层间氧化带自南东向北西发育,依次可划分为氧化带、氧化还原过渡带、还原带;平面上,铀矿化主要位于氧化还原过渡带内;垂向上,铀矿化产于灰绿色与灰色砂岩过渡界面。结合含矿层构造-埋藏演化,建立了研究区砂岩型铀矿多阶段成矿模式,认为后续铀矿勘查应重点聚焦主河道与氧化还原过渡带,尤其是两者的叠合部位更有利于厚大矿体的产出。     

平庄盆地黑水地区氧化作用与铀成矿地质特征

黑水地区位于平庄盆地北部,砂岩型铀矿找矿目的层为白垩系孙家湾组,目前在盆缘发现了较好的氧化带和工业铀矿化线索,但成矿作用方式和类型并不清楚,困扰着下一步勘查方向的选择。为深入研究目的层氧化作用和铀成矿地质特征,通过系统采集样品,进行镜下鉴定、主量元素、环境地球化学指标、粘土矿物、电子探针、扫描电镜等分析。研究结果表明,黑水地区含矿目的层砂岩成熟度较低,为近物源沉积;后生氧化作用较强且存在明显的蚀变分带现象;目的层还原剂主要为黄铁矿,铀的富集方式主要为含铀含氧水不断渗入砂体,在层间氧化带前缘氧化还原过渡带富集成矿,铀矿物类型主要为沥青铀矿,其次为铀石,主要有2种赋存形式。对铀成矿地质特征进行探讨,认为该地区符合层间氧化带型砂岩型铀矿成矿模式,具有较大的成矿潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型铀矿床成矿水化学过程探讨

为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型铀矿成矿水化学过程,利用光薄片、电子探针、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和化学分析等方法对比分析了氧化带无矿化样品、氧化还原过渡带中低矿化及高铀样品的矿物学和地球化学特征。矿物学研究表明:①所有样品中斜长石均表现出强烈粘土化和绢云母化的特征;②铀矿物主要为铀石,呈胶状吸附在矿物颗粒(部分为炭屑)表面、粒间或裂隙中;③相对氧化带,氧化还原过渡带往往含有更多的炭屑和碳酸盐胶结物。稀土元素地球化学研究表明,氧化带无矿化样品和过渡带低矿化样品表现出较平坦的低分异的稀土配分模式;而过渡带高铀含炭屑样品表现出MREE富集的配分模式,高铀富碳酸盐胶结物的样品表现出轻稀土强烈左倾、重稀土平坦的配分模式。对比分析上述差异后认为,铀成矿与水化学作用密切相关,且成矿水溶液中无机络阴离子以CO32-为主,倾向于络合UO22+和HRE3+;而阳离子主要为斜长石的粘土化释放的Ca2+和SiO44-。当水溶液从盆地边缘向中心运移时,物化环境从氧化及酸性环境向还原及碱性环境转变,此时发生铀酰离子的还原并与SiO44-沉淀形成铀石、Ca2+与CO32-沉淀形成碳酸盐以及HREE的沉淀富集。     

松辽盆地南部海力锦铀矿床铀矿物赋存状态及富集机理——试论“潮汐式”成矿作用过程

对砂岩型铀矿而言,明确铀矿物的赋存状态及富集机理既有理论意义,又有生产实践意义。海力锦铀矿床位于松辽盆地南部,含矿层位为上白垩统姚家组下段灰色砂岩。本文通过野外地质调查,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针以及X-射线衍射等分析技术手段,系统阐述了该地区铀成矿的关键控矿要素、矿化类型及铀的迁移、沉淀、富集规律。研究显示,海力锦地区上白垩统姚家组多色砂体可划分为褐红色和砖红色、褐黄色和灰红色、灰白色及灰色颜色类型,分属于强氧化亚带、弱氧化亚带、过渡带(矿化带)和还原带。蚀变矿物学特征揭示,灰白色赋矿砂体中黏土矿物含量最高,主要以高岭石为主。铀矿物赋存状态研究表明,铀矿物种类以含钛铀矿物、沥青铀矿及铀石为主,呈不规则微细(网)脉或粒状发育。典型矿物研究显示,钛氧化物中存在Ti⁴⁺元素的活化迁移及菱铁矿中存在Fe²⁺元素的氧化再造现象。因此,研究区灰白色赋矿砂体可能经历过酸性还原性流体作用的影响,且区域上氧化作用动力有限,氧化作用与还原作用呈“此消彼长”耦合相关关系特征,含铀砂体持续经历氧化→还原→再氧化→再还原……的“潮汐式”成矿作用过程,铀矿物不...     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏台庙地区砂岩地球化学环境和常量元素特征及对铀成矿的指示意义北大核心CSCD

为研究砂岩型铀矿与古层间氧化带之间的关系,本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地苏台庙地区直罗组下段上亚段砂岩的地球化学环境和常量元素进行规律总结与讨论。将古层间氧化带进一步细分为古氧化残留带、二次还原带、叠置带和原生带等4个亚带,总结了各亚带地球化学环境指标特征,揭示了各亚带常量元素的演化规律,其中Si、Al、Fe和Ca活动性较强,Na、Mg和Ti活动性其次,而K、Mn和P较稳定。研究认为,该地区砂岩依次经历了成岩作用、古氧化作用、主成矿期铀成矿作用、二次还原作用和叠加铀成矿作用等,且未曾经历大幅沉降和显著构造热事件。研究区铀成矿作用与还原介质和Ca含量关系最密切,其次是Si、Fe、Ti,铀矿勘查应以叠置亚带为重点,兼顾二次还原亚带。     

松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床层间氧化带结构定量表征及制约因素

层间氧化带精细结构的量化表征对揭示砂岩型铀成矿规律至关重要.利用系列沉积学和地球化学编图对松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床层间氧化带结构进行了量化表征,发现该矿床层间氧化带主要由红色砂岩、浅黄色砂岩、灰白色砂岩、灰色含矿砂岩和原生灰色砂岩构成,分别对应于强氧化亚带、弱氧化亚带、微弱氧化亚带、过渡带和还原带.铀矿化与层间氧化带内部结构关系密切:工业铀矿体主要发育在过渡带,微弱氧化亚带矿体连续性相对较差,弱氧化亚带发育零星铀矿化,还原带靠近过渡带一侧发育低品位的零星铀矿化.铀储层内部结构和沉积相对层间氧化带发育具有重要制约作用:辫状河砂体及辫状分流河道砂体是氧化带发育区域;辫状分流河道边部及分流间湾中决口扇砂体是过渡带发育区域.      

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床形成机理--以伊犁盆地南缘为例

通过分析铀迁移、沉淀、富集的成矿特点,结合伊犁盆地南缘铀矿床中铀矿石成分研究,分析了砂岩型铀矿成矿机理.指出在层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床中,铀主要以碳酸铀酰络合物形式迁移,在富含有机质、硫化物、硫化氢等有效还原剂的条件下,形成强烈的地化反差还原地球化学障环境,铀还原沉淀,最后富集成矿.为指导普查找矿、开展铀矿床矿石成分研究提供参考依据.     

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿中铼的地球化学行为及找矿意义探讨

铼是地壳中一种极度分散的元素。在层间氧化带边界上 ,铼与铀的沉淀条件近似 ,在铼富集的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床中 ,铼富集的范围几乎与铀矿卷重叠。本文根据自然界已查证的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿中铼、铀同消长的基本事实 ,对现阶段铼在层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿勘查中的找矿意义提出质疑。     

东胜砂岩型铀矿微量元素地球化学特征初探

近年来，鄂尔多斯盆地在石油和天然气勘查取得重大进展的同时，在盆地北部东胜地区也发现了可地浸砂岩型铀矿床，标志着我国地浸砂岩型铀矿勘查取得了重要突破。从微量元素地球化学入手，初步总结了东胜地区砂岩型铀矿的微量元素地球化学特征，与新疆伊犁和中亚典型的层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿进行了对比，分析探讨了铀成矿作用，认为东胜砂岩型铀矿成矿作用虽与氧化还原过渡带有关，也具外生和深源双重性质的微量元素组合，不同于单一的外生水成层阃氧化带型砂岩铀矿，铀成矿过程中有深部物质和含煤层气或油气流体参与。     

大营地区古层间氧化带识别与空间定位预测

潜在铀储层内部的层间氧化作用与铀成矿作用同时进行而且密不可分,（古）层间氧化带被认为是砂岩型铀矿的重要找矿标志。运用岩芯和钻孔资料以及各分带的岩石矿物学以及地球化学特征等信息识别古层间氧化带,结合铀储层中具有古氧化性质和还原性质的岩石地球化学标志,定量地给予古层间氧化带以空间定位,并据此可以划分出古完全氧化带、过渡带和还原带。在此基础上,探讨了铀储层规模、隔挡层、暗色泥岩及煤层等因素对于古层间氧化带分布的影响。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with